Yup’ik Eskimo dictionary

722 Pages·08.287 MB·Eskimo-Aleut

by  Steven A. Jacobson, (comp.)

YUP’IK ESKIMO DICTIONARY
Volume 1 (of 2)

YUP’IK ESKIMO
DICTIONARY
Second Edition
Volume 1
Compiled by
Steven A. Jacobson
Alaska Native Language Center
University of Alaska Fairbanks
2012
Cover and section title drawings by Cindy Davis, based on drawings by Edward Adams
in his journal of 1850–1851, St. Michael’s (MS. 115, Scott Polar Institute, Cambridge,
England); used with permission of the Scott Polar Research Institute and Mr. G. E.
Dixon, owner of the manuscript. Adams’s drawings were copied from ivory carvings.
Copyright 2012 by the Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
All rights reserved.
This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under
Grant No. 0732787, International Polar Year: Documenting Alaskan and Neighboring Lan-
guages.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Jacobson, Steven A.
Yup’ik Eskimo dictionary / compiled by Steven A. Jacobson. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-55500-115-5
1. Central Yupik language--Dictionaries. I. Alaska Native Language Center. II. Title.
PM63.J33 2012
497’.14--dc23
2012025193
A photocopied preliminary edition of the dictionary in 200 copies was distributed in
1982. The first edition of this dictionary was published in 1984 and reprinted eight times
through 2009 in a total of 4,900 copies.
Second edition, two volumes
First printing 2012 1,000 copies
Readers are encouraged to submit corrections and additions. They may be sent to
Alaska Native Language Center
University of Alaska Fairbanks
P.O. Box 757680
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7680
Phone [phone]
e-mail [email protected]
The University of Alaska Fairbanks is an affirmative action / equal opportunity
employer and educational institution.
CONTENTS
VOLUME 1
PREFACE ......................................................................................................................... 9
Added to the Preface for the Second Edition, 11
GENERAL INTRODUCTION .........................................................................................15
Yup’ik Sounds and Spelling .........................................................................................15
Dictionary Format and General Content of Entries .................................................15
Alphabetization, 15; Basic Format of Entries, 15; Bases That Can Be Both Nouns
and Verbs, 16; Concerning Derived Forms and the Difference in Their Handling
Between the 1984 and Present Editions, 16; Concerning Entries for Words That
Are Neither Nouns or Verbs (or Are Special Categories of These), 17; Exemplifica-
tion, 17; Multiword Lexemes and Neologisms, 18; Indication of Dialect Restriction,
19; Etymologies (Word Origin), 19; Further Indications of Relation to Other En-
tries, 20; Citation Forms for Yup’ik Words, 21; A Convention Concerning Gender
in Third Person Singular, 23; Concerning Scientific Names for Biota, 23; Explana-
tion of Symbols (Other Than Those Mentioned Above) Used in Yup’ik Entries,
23; “Special” te Versus Regular te Terminating Verb Bases, 24; Roots, 24; Entries
Directing the Reader to a Preferred Spelling, 25; Indication of the Polarity of Verb
Bases, 26; References to Unverified Word Lists and to E. W. Nelson’s Work, 28
Special Problems and Topics .......................................................................................28
The Problem of Verb Tense in Translating from Yup’ik to English, 28; The Problem
of Initial e in Yup’ik Words, 29
Yup’ik Dialects ...............................................................................................................35
General Central Yup’ik, 35; Norton Sound, Hooper Bay–Chevak and Nunivak Is-
land: NS, HBC, NUN, 36; Norton Sound: NS, 36; Hooper Bay and Chevak: HBC,
38; Nunivak Island: NUN, 42; Egegik: EG, 45
Phonology and Orthography ......................................................................................46
General Description of the Yup’ik Writing System, 46; Yup’ik Alphabet Chart, 47;
Stop Consonants, 47; Fricatives, 48; Nasals, 49; Vowels, 50; Automatic Devoicing,
50; Marked Gemination, 50; Syllabification, 51; Stress and Related Features of
Pronunciation, 51; Primary Stress (Inherent and Rhythmic Stress), 51; Stress Re-
traction, 51; Loss of Stress in Final Syllables, 51; Rhythmic Length, 51; Automatic
Gemination, 52; Secondary Stress, 52; Stress-Repelling Bases, 52; The Apostrophe,
53; The Hyphen, 53; Comparison of Modern and Older Orthographies, 53
Published Sources of Quoted Examples ....................................................................54
BASES ................................................................................................................................59
VOLUME 2
POSTBASES ......................................................................................................727
ENDINGS ........................................................................................................................917
ENCLITICS ......................................................................................................................931
UNVERIFIED WORDS FROM OLDER SOURCES ..........................................939
APPENDICES .................................................................................................................959
Appendix 1. Inflection of Personal Pronouns ......................................................961
Appendix 2. Inflection of the Quantifier/Qualifier Construction ....................962
Appendix 3. Demonstratives ..................................................................................963
Appendix 4. Positional Bases .................................................................................973
Appendix 5. Lists of Roots by Type .......................................................................974
Appendix 6. Numerals .............................................................................................977
Appendix 7. Calendar ..............................................................................................979
Appendix 8. Kinship Terms ....................................................................................980
Appendix 9. Diagrams and Map ............................................................................982
Appendix 10. Loan Words ........................................................................................987
Appendix 11. (Hitherto) Unpublished Texts Used as Sources of Examples ......1002
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF LEXICAL SOURCES ......................................................1005
ENGLISH-TO-YUP’IK INDEX ...............................................................................1013
LIST OF FIGURES
Frontispiece: James King’s Norton Sound wordlist of 1778 ............................................8
Map: Central Alaskan Yup’ik .................................................................................................. 14
Demonstratives, Figure 1 .......................................................................................................965
Demonstratives, Figure 2 .......................................................................................................965
Demonstratives, Figure 3 .......................................................................................................966
Demonstratives, Figure 4 .......................................................................................................966
Qayaq: Kayak (showing parts) ...............................................................................................982
Ikamraq: Dogsled (showing parts) .......................................................................................983
Akaartaq Ena: Old-style House (showing parts) .............................................................984
Atkuk: Traditional Parka (showing parts) .........................................................................985
Map: Yup’ik Place Names ....................................................................................................... 986
Dedicated to the memory of
Balassia W. Nicolai
of Kwethluk.
Job Name: -- /307168t
8