Worked Examples for the Design of Concrete Structures to Eurocode 2

260 Pages·2013·140.64 MB·English

by  Tony Threlfall

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STRUCTURAL AND CIVIL ENGINEERING R
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“This book includes very detailed and thorough worked examples, covering assessment of
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actions, design and detailing with the final output being reinforcement drawings. The examples
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are interlaced with helpful commentary on the choice of values, with clear references to r
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sources of information. The examples cover the design of whole structures, not just selected e
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elements, and show how to carry out the analysis by hand.”

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—Owen Brooker, Technical Director, Modulus, UK
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“If I was a practising engineer and was using the Eurocodes for the first time, I would want m
to have this book on my shelf. I would also recommend it to anyone who attended a course on p DESIGN
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Eurocode 2 design. ... The book provides succinct examples for normal building structures.
FOR THE
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For such projects, it is important to use efficient and quick forms of calculations which are
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easy to understand and check. These examples set the scene for clear understanding by the
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designer and good communication for the construction process.” t CONCRETE
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—Robin Whittle, Consultant, UK e
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“This publication covers the design and detailing of common structural concrete elements e
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and structures to Eurocode 2. Its contents are detailed, thorough and helpful. Readers are
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led through the design process with clear commentary, references and in some instances, STRUCTURES
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the author’s opinions. It is a welcome addition to Eurocode 2 resources. ... The contents cover o
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the topics that designers will come across in day-to-day structural concrete design. They
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therefore cover those subjects that will be of most interest to those unfamiliar to Eurocode 2.” o
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—Charles Goodchild, The Concrete Centre, UK 2
c EUROCODE
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Worked Examples for the Design of Concrete Structures to Eurocode 2 offers a thorough t
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treatment of designs, a broad range of structures and solutions to complex analytical problems. S
Providing six detailed structural designs to Eurocode 2, this guide can be used as a standalone t
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publication or as a companion to Reynolds’s Reinforced Concrete Designer’s Handbook.
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TONY THRELFALL
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RU54460
ISBN: 978-0-415-46819-0
90000
9 780415 468190
RU54460_Cover_mech.indd 1 3/21/13 2:47 PM
DESIGN
FOR THE
CONCRETE
OF
STRUCTURES
EUROCODE 2
TO

DESIGN
FOR THE
CONCRETE
OF
STRUCTURES
EUROCODE 2
TO
TONY THRELFALL
A SPON BOOK
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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© 2013 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20130411
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Contents
Preface.........................................................................................................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................................................ix
Author ..........................................................................................................................................................................................xi
Symbols and Notes ....................................................................................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 Eurocodes and Design Actions ...............................................................................................................................1
1.1 Actions .................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Material Properties ..............................................................................................................................................................1
1.3 Buildings ..............................................................................................................................................................................2
1.3.1 Ultimate Limit State ................................................................................................................................................2
1.3.2 Serviceability Limit States ......................................................................................................................................2
1.4 Containment Structures .......................................................................................................................................................2
1.4.1 Ultimate Limit State ................................................................................................................................................2
1.4.2 Serviceability Limit States ......................................................................................................................................2
1.5 Geotechnical Design ............................................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 2 Design of Members .................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Principles and Requirements ...............................................................................................................................................5
2.2 Durability .............................................................................................................................................................................5
2.2.1 Exposure Classes .....................................................................................................................................................5
2.2.2 Concrete Strength Classes and Covers ....................................................................................................................5
2.3 Fire Resistance .....................................................................................................................................................................5
2.3.1 Building Regulations ...............................................................................................................................................5
2.3.2 Design Procedures ...................................................................................................................................................5
2.4 Bending and Axial Force .....................................................................................................................................................6
2.4.1 Basic Assumptions ...................................................................................................................................................6
2.4.2 Beams and Slabs ......................................................................................................................................................6
2.4.2.1 Singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections ..................................................................................................6
2.4.2.2 Doubly Reinforced Rectangular Sections .................................................................................................7
2.4.2.3 Design Formulae for Rectangular Sections ..............................................................................................7
2.4.2.4 Flanged Sections .......................................................................................................................................7
2.4.2.5 Analysis of a Given Section ......................................................................................................................8
2.4.3 Columns ...................................................................................................................................................................8
2.4.3.1 Rectangular Columns ...............................................................................................................................8
2.4.3.2 Circular Columns ......................................................................................................................................9
2.4.3.3 Analysis of a Given Section ......................................................................................................................9
2.4.3.4 Example ....................................................................................................................................................9
2.5 Shear ..................................................................................................................................................................................10
2.5.1 Members without Shear Reinforcement ................................................................................................................10
2.5.2 Members with Shear Reinforcement .....................................................................................................................10
2.5.3 Shear under Concentrated Loads ...........................................................................................................................11
2.5.4 Bottom-Loaded Beams ..........................................................................................................................................11
2.6 Torsion ...............................................................................................................................................................................11
2.7 Deflection ...........................................................................................................................................................................12
2.8 Cracking .............................................................................................................................................................................12
2.9 Considerations Affecting Design Details ..........................................................................................................................13
2.9.1 Ties in Structures ...................................................................................................................................................13
2.9.2 Anchorage Lengths ................................................................................................................................................14
2.9.3 Laps in Bars ...........................................................................................................................................................14
2.9.4 Bends in Bars .........................................................................................................................................................14
2.9.5 Curtailment of Reinforcement ...............................................................................................................................14
v
vi Contents
2.10 Reinforcement ....................................................................................................................................................................15
2.10.1 Bars ........................................................................................................................................................................15
2.10.2 Fabric .....................................................................................................................................................................15
Chapter 3 Example 1: Multi-Storey Building ........................................................................................................................17
Chapter 4 Example 2: Foundations to Multi-Storey Building ...............................................................................................99
Chapter 5 Example 3: Free-Standing Cantilever Earth-Retaining Wall .............................................................................151
Chapter 6 Example 4: Underground Service Reservoir ........................................................................................................161
Chapter 7 Example 5: Open-Top Rectangular Tank ............................................................................................................183
Chapter 8 Example 6: Open-Top Cylindrical Tank .............................................................................................................193
Appendix A: General Information ........................................................................................................................................207
Appendix B: Beam on Elastic Foundation .............................................................................................................................217
Appendix C: Rectangular and Cylindrical Tanks ...............................................................................................................229
Index .........................................................................................................................................................................................245
Preface
The purpose of this book is to demonstrate how to apply the The last three examples are for liquid-retaining structures
recommendations of Eurocode 2, and other related standards, in which the protection against leakage depends entirely on
for a number of reinforced concrete structures. The examples the integrity of the structure. Example 4 is for an underground
have been chosen to include different structural elements and service reservoir in which the wall and floor are formed of
design procedures. The calculations cover the analysis of the elements separated by movement joints. Example 5 is for a
structure and the design of the members. continuous rectangular tank bearing on an elastic soil with
Each step of the calculations, which are presented in the interaction of the walls and the floor taken into account
a form suitable for design office purposes, is explained. in the analysis. Example 6 is for a continuous cylindrical tank
References to specific clauses in the codes and standards that bearing on an elastic soil with both hydraulic and thermal
affect the design are included at each stage. For each struc- actions considered in the design.
tural element, a complete reinforcement detail is provided An important feature of this book is the collection of
together with a commentary explaining the bar arrangement. full-page tables and charts contained in three appendices.
Chapter 1 is an introduction to the structural Eurocodes Appendix A has nine tables of general information relating to
and explains how partial safety factors and action combination the design of members. Appendix B has 11 tables dealing with
factors are incorporated in the design. The significance of the the analysis of beams on elastic foundations. Appendix C has
action combination to be used, when considering the cracking 14 tables for the analysis of rectangular and cylindrical tanks.
limitations for watertightness in tanks, is also examined. The examples in this book inevitably reflect the knowl-
Chapter 2 summarises the design of members with regard edge and experience of the author. Writing the book has
to durability, fire resistance, axial force, bending, shear, tor- also given me the opportunity to investigate problems
sion, deflection, cracking and other considerations that affect that I had found difficult to solve during my career. This
the design details. It refers particularly to the design infor- applies particularly to the analysis of complex structures
mation given in Appendix A and in Reynolds’s Reinforced on elastic foundations for which text book solutions are not
Concrete Designer’s Handbook. readily available. I hope that the information provided in
The first two examples deal with the design of a multi- Appendices B and C and the analyses that are included in
storey framed building. For each example, three alternative the examples will be helpful to present-day design engineers
forms of construction are considered. In Example 1, which faced with similar problems.
covers the design of the superstructure, the floor takes alter- I owe a considerable debt of gratitude to many people from
native forms of beam and slab, flat slab and integral beam whose intellect and expertise I have benefited over the years.
and ribbed slab, respectively. In Example 2, which deals with Finally, my sincere thanks go to my dear wife, Joan, for
the design of the substructure including the basement, the her constant support and encouragement throughout the writ-
foundations take alternative forms of a continuous raft, iso- ing of this book.
lated pad bases and pile foundations, respectively.
Example 3 is for a freestanding cantilever earth-retaining Tony Threlfall
wall with two designs, for bases bearing on non-cohesive and
cohesive soils, respectively.
vii

Acknowledgements
Permission to reproduce extracts from BS EN 1990, BS EN Shop or by contacting BSI Customer Services for hard-
1991-4, BS EN 1992-1-1, BS EN 1992-1-2, BS EN 1992-3 copies only: Tel: [phone], Email: cservices@
and BS EN 1997-1 is granted by BSI (British Standards bsigroup.com.
Institution). Information in Tables C2 to C13 is reproduced with per-
British Standards can be obtained in PDF or hard copy mission from the Portland Cement Association, Skokie,
formats from the BSI online shop: www.bsigroup.com/ Illinois, USA.
ix