Wireless Technology: Protocols, Standards, and Techniques

547 Pages·2001·5.366 MB·English

by  Michel Daoud Yacoub

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WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
Protocols, Standards, and Techniques
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
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WIRELESS
TECHNOLOGY
Protocols, Standards, and Techniques
Michel Daoud Yacoub
CRC PR ESS
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
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Disclaimer_61/8X91/4 Page 1 Tuesday, November 20, 2001 2:01 PM
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Catalog record is available from the Library of Congress
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material
is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
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Dedication
Technologyhasitstime;knowledgeistimeless.
TechnowledgeboostsTechnowledge.
Tothosewhoidealize,conceive,standardize,implement,test,operate,main-
tain,upgrade;tothoseprofessionals,forwhoseknowledgeandworkweowe
the technology and all it conveys—to those technowledgers—I pay my most
sinceretribute.
Idedicatethisbooktomybelovedfamily.Thankyou,MariaN´ıdia,mypre-
cious wife, and thank you, Alexandre, Helena, Carolina, Ricardo, Vin´ıcius,
andElisa,mywonderfulchildren,foryourlove,patience,andunconditional
support.
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Preface
Wecanalwayswaitabitlongertowriteabetterbookontechnology.Wecan
alwayswait...
Inthisever-changingtechnologicalscenario,keepingpacewiththerapid
evolutionofwirelesstechnologyisaformidable,exciting,andindispensable
task more than a challenge. The work is indeed herculean and often dis-
couraging, for technology is vast, the number of topics to be approached is
immense,thedocumentationonstandardsandrecommendationscomprises
pilesofuncountablepages,andweoftenfindweareleavingsomethingim-
portantbehindwhenselectingtheappropriatesubjectmattertoexplore.The
consolation,ifany,isthatasweexplorethetechnologies,wefindthatmuch
commonalityexistsamongthem,althoughparticularfeaturesareratherdif-
ferentineach.
The challenge of writing a book in such a “hot” and vivacious field is to
provideaclearandconciseresourcetoaccommodatethelearningprocessof
the basic functions of the main technologies. I did try to keep this in mind
throughoutthecourseofselectionanddescriptionofthetopicsincludedin
thisbook.IhopeIhavesucceeded,atleasttoacertainextent.
Thebook,dividedintofiveparts,describesprotocols,standards,andtech-
niquesfor2Gand3Gtechnologies,includingthosespecifictowirelessmul-
timedia.Thefirstpart—Introduction—containsthreechaptersandcoversthe
basicprinciplesofwirelesscommunications.Thesecondpart—2GSystems—
consistsoftwochaptersanddescribestwoleadingtechnologiesofthesecond
generation.Thethirdpart—WirelessData—comprisesonechapterandintro-
ducesthreemainwirelessdatatechnologies.Thefourthpart—3GSystems—
encompasses three chapters and details the general concepts of third-
generation systems as well as two chief third-generation technologies. The
fifth part—Appendices—provides a glimpse at some telecommunication is-
suesthatarerelevanttotheunderstandingofthemaintextandthatarenot
coveredintheintroductorypartofthebook.Amoredetaileddescriptionof
thebookstructurefollows.
PartI:Introduction
Chapter1—WirelessNetwork—developsthewirelessnetworkconceptswithin
theIntelligentNetworkframeworkanddescribesthebasicfunctionsatele-
communication system must provide so that wireless and mobile capabili-
ties can be implemented. General network and protocol architectures and
channelstructuresaredescribedthatarecommontothemainsystems.These
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descriptionsarebasedonITURecommendations,whichgeneralizethosecon-
ceptsthathavebeenusedforthevariouscellularnetworks.Specificsolutions
arethendetailedintheotherchapters.
Chapter 2—Cellular Principles—introduces the cellular technology funda-
mentals, providing a unified approach of these concepts for narrowband
and wideband solutions. Topics explored in this chapter include universal
frequency reuse, sectorization, power control, handoff, voice activity, inter-
ference,andothers.Besidesthetraditionalhexagonaltessellationformacro-
cellularnetworks,thechapterexaminesthesubjectofreusepatternformicro-
cellularsystems.Inaddition,hierarchicalcellstructure,overallmeancapacity
for multirate systems, and the main features of narrowband and wideband
networksarealsoaddressed.
Chapter 3—Multiple Access—analyzes a considerable number of multiple
accesscontroltechniques.Severalconventionalandmoreadvancedduplex-
ingandmultipleaccessprotocolsaredetailedthatcomplywiththevarious
classes of traffic and multirate transmission utilized in broadband services.
The access and duplexing methods are explored in the frequency domain,
timedomain,codedomain,andspacedomain.Theperformanceofthetech-
niquesisinvestigatedintermsofchannelcapacity,throughput,anddelay.
PartII:2GSystems
Chapter4—GSM—describestheGlobalSystemforMobileCommunication
cellular network in terms of its features and services, architecture, phy-
sical channels, logical channels, signaling messages, call management, and
particularfeatures.
Chapter5—cdmaOne—detailsthefeaturesandservices,architecture,phys-
ical channels, logical channels, signaling messages, call management, and
particular features for TIA/EIA/IS-95-A as well as for its evolved version
TIA/EIA/IS-95-B.
PartIII:WirelessData
Chapter 6—Wireless Data Technology—depicts three data technologies ap-
plied to wireless networks, namely, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS),
TIA/EIA/IS-95B, and High Data Rate (HDR). These technologies are de-
scribedintermsoftheirbasicarchitecturesandachievabledatatransmission
rates.
PartIV:3GSystems
Chapter7—IMT-2000—introducesthetopiconthird-generationwirelessnet-
works based on the International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-
2000) concept. It describes the functional subsystems, the IMT-2000 family
concept, and the capability set concept. It also develops the network func-
tionalmodelforIMT-2000.
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Chapter 8—UTRA—details the IMT-2000 radio interface for direct
sequence code division multiple access, the so-called Universal Terrestrial
Radio Access (UTRA) or Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) 3G radio transmis-
siontechnology.DescriptionsincludeitsFDDaswellasitsTDDoptions.
Chapter 9—cdma2000—details the IMT-2000 CDMA multicarrier radio
interface, the so-called cdma2000 3G radio transmission technology. Des-
criptions include its various radio configurations, the 1xEV-DO radio con-
figurationoptionbeingoneofthem.
PartV:Appendices
These Appendices provide tutorial information on topics such as OSI Refer-
enceModel,SignalingSystemNumber7,SpreadSpectrum,andPositioning
ofInterferersinaMicrocellularGrid.
The book is suitable as text as well as a reference. As a textbook, it fits into
a semester course for both undergraduate and graduate levels in electrical
engineering, wireless communications, and more generally in information
technology. As a reference, it serves systems engineers and analysts, hard-
ware and software developers, researchers, and engineers responsible for
the operation, maintenance, and management of wireless communication
systems.
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Acknowledgments
I am grateful to a number of people who have generously helped with the
completionofthisbook.Someprovidedmewithupdatedmaterialandorigi-
nalresults,othersrevisedpartsofthemanuscript,andstillothersstimulated
discussionsandlentmetheirideas,suggestions,incentive,encouragement,
motivation,andsomanydistinctformsofassistance.Intheendeavortocite
theirnames,Imayinadvertentlyleavesomeout,fortheyaremanyandmy
memory will certainly deceive me. To these who are not quoted here, my
forgiveness.
IthankProfessorKennethW.Cattermole,ProfessorAtt´ılioJ.Giarola,Pro-
fessorHelioWaldman,ProfessorDaltonS.Arantes,ProfessorRuiF.deSouza,
ProfessorIvanL.M.Ricarte,Dr.AntoˆnioF.deToledo,Dr.AiltonA.Shinoda,
Dr.OmarC.Branquinho,Dr.Ce´sarK.d’A´vila,Dr.ErnestoL.A.Neto,Dr.Paula
R.C.Gomez,AlexandreR.Esper,AlexandreR.Romero,AntoˆnioV.Rodrigues,
Cla´udio R. C. M. da Silva, Edigar Alves, Fabbryccio A. C. M. Cardoso, and
GustavoFraidenraich.IamalsoindebtedtomycolleaguesoftheDepartment
of Communications (DECOM), School of Electrical Engineering (FEEC), at
TheStateUniversityofCampinas(UNICAMP).
IwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoFEEC,CPqD,CelTec/CelPlan,Eric-
sson,IBM,TelespCelular,Motorola,InstitutoEldorado,LucentTechnologies,
CNPq, CAPES, and FAPESP for supporting my research efforts in wireless
communicationsovertheyears.
Finally, I am very thankful to the CRC Press staff for their support and
incentiveandfortheopportunitytopublishthisbook.
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Contents
Part I Introduction
1 Wireless Network
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Intelligent Network
1.2.1 IN Protocol Architecture
1.2.2 IN Elements
1.2.3 Wireless Service Requirements
1.2.4 Wireless IN Services
1.2.5 IN Standards
1.3 Network Architecture
1.4 Protocol Architecture
1.5 Channel Structure
1.5.1 RF Channel
1.5.2 Physical Channel
1.5.3 Logical Channel
1.6 Narrowband and Wideband Systems
1.7 Multiple Access
1.7.1 Frequency Division Multiple Access
1.7.2 Time Division Multiple Access
1.7.3 Code Division Multiple Access
1.7.4 Space Division Multiple Access
1.8 Summary
2 Cellular Principles
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Cellular Hierarchy
2.3 System Management
2.3.1 Link Quality Measurement
2.3.2 Cell Selection
2.3.3 Channel Selection/Assignment
2.3.4 Handover
2.3.5 Mobility Support
2.4 System Performance
2.4.1 Interference Control
2.4.2 Diversity Strategies
© 2002 by CRC Press LLC
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