Windows PowerShell 2.0 Administrator's Pocket Consultant eBook

479 Pages·2009·2.85 MB·English

Windows
PowerShell
2.0 ™
William R. Stanek
Author and Series Editor
Administrator’s
Pocket Consultant
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PUBLISHED BY
Microsoft Press
A Division of Microsoft Corporation
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, Washington 98052-6399
Copyright © 2009 by William Stanek
All rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means without the written permission of the publisher.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009927478
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction xiii
CHAPTER 1 Introducing Windows PowerShell 1
CHAPTER 2 Getting the Most from Windows PowerShell 25
CHAPTER 3 Managing Your Windows PowerShell Environment 53
CHAPTER 4 Using Sessions, Jobs, and Remoting 85
CHAPTER 5 Navigating Core Windows PowerShell Structures 109
CHAPTER 6 Mastering Aliases, Functions, and Objects 167
CHAPTER 7 Managing Computers with Commands and Scripts 213
CHAPTER 8 Managing Roles, Role S ervices, and Features 237
CHAPTER 9 Inventorying and Evaluating Windows Systems 253
CHAPTER 10 Managing File Systems, Security, and Auditing 281
CHAPTER 11 Managing Shares, Printers, and TCP/IP Networking 309
CHAPTER 12 Managing and Securing the Registry 335
CHAPTER 13 Monitoring and Optimizing Windows Systems 361
CHAPTER 14 Fine-Tuning System Performance 409
Index 445
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Contents
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1 Introducing Windows PowerShell 1
Getting Started with Windows PowerShell ....................2
Running Windows PowerShell ...............................3
Using the Windows PowerShell Console 3
Using the Windows PowerShell ISE 5
Configuring Windows PowerShell Console Properties 7
Working with the Command History 8
Working with Cmdlets and Scripts ...........................9
Using Cmdlets 9
Using Cmdlet Parameters 14
Using External Commands 16
Using Scripts 17
Chapter 2 Getting the Most from Windows PowerShell 25
Initializing the Environment ................................26
Passing Startup Parameters 26
Invoking Windows PowerShell 28
Using –Command to Run Commands 28
Using –File to Run Scripts 30
Using Nested Consoles 30
Understanding Command Input, Parsing, and Output .........31
Basic Line Editing 31
How Parsing Works 33
Parsing Assigned Values 34
Parsing Exceptions 36
Output from Parsing 37
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Writing and Formatting Output ............................37
Using Formatting Cmdlets 38
Writing to Output Streams 45
Rendering and Finalizing the Output 49
More on Redirecting Input, Output, and Error 51
Chapter 3 Managing Your Windows PowerShell
Environment 53
Using Profiles .............................................53
Creating Profiles 55
Understanding Execution Order 56
Working with the Command Path 57
Navigating Windows PowerShell Extensions .................60
Working with Windows PowerShell Extensions 60
Using Snap-ins 62
Using Providers 64
Navigating and Using Provider Drives 72
Using Modules 77
PowerShell Extensions for Exchange Server
and SQL Server 82
Chapter 4 Using Sessions, Jobs, and Remoting 85
Enabling Remote Commands ...............................85
Executing Remote Commands ..............................87
Understanding Remote Execution 88
Commands for Remoting 88
Invoking Remote Commands 92
Establishing Remote Sessions ...............................94
Invoking Sessions 94
Understanding Remote Execution and Object
Serialization 96
Establishing Remote Background Jobs .......................97
Using Background Jobs 97
Starting Jobs in Interactive Sessions 100
Running Jobs Noninteractively 104
Working Remotely Without WinRM ........................107
vi Contents
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Chapter 5 Navigating Core Windows PowerShell
Structures 109
Working with Expressions and Operators ...................109
Arithmetic, Grouping, and Assignment Operators 110
Comparison Operators 113
Other Operators 121
Working with Variables and Values .........................122
Variable Essentials 123
Assigning and Converting Data Types 128
Managing Variable Scopes 135
Automatic, Preference, and Environment Variables 138
Working with Strings .....................................148
Single-Quoted and Double-Quoted Strings 148
Escape Codes and Wildcards 150
Multiline Strings 152
String Operators 154
Working with Arrays and Collections .......................159
Creating and Using One-Dimensional Arrays 160
Using the Cast Array Structure 162
Assigning and Removing Values 163
Using Strict Types in Arrays 164
Using Multidimensional Arrays 165
Chapter 6 Mastering Aliases, Functions, and Objects 167
Creating and Using Aliases ................................168
Using the Built-In Aliases 168
Creating Aliases 172
Importing and Exporting Aliases 174
Creating and Using Functions .............................175
Creating Functions 175
Using Extended Functions 177
Using Filter Functions 178
Digging Deeper into Functions 179
Examining Function Definitions 181
Using the Built-In Functions 181
Contents vii
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Working with Objects ....................................185
Object Essentials 185
Object Methods and Properties 188
Object Types 190
Digging Deeper into Objects 194
Working with COM and .NET Framework Objects ............197
Creating and Using COM Objects 197
Working with .NET Framework Classes and Objects 202
Working with WMI Objects and Queries ....................206
Chapter 7 Managing Computers with Commands
and Scripts 213
Getting More from Your Scripts and Profiles ................213
Creating Transcripts ......................................216
Creating Transactions ....................................217
Understanding Transactions 217
Using Transactions 220
Common Elements in Scripts ..............................222
Using Comments and Initializing Statements 222
Using Conditional Statements 225
Using Control Loops 231
Chapter 8 Managing Roles, Role S ervices, and Features 237
Server Manager Essentials ................................238
Server Manager Commands 238
Available Roles and Role Services 239
Available Features 242
Checking Installed Roles, Role Services, and Features ........245
Installing Roles, Role Services, and Features .................247
Adding Roles, Role Services, and Features 247
Handling Configuration Errors and Other Issues 249
Uninstalling Roles, Role Services, and Features ..............250
Removing Roles, Role Services, and Features 250
Handling Removal Errors and Other Issues 252
viii Contents
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Chapter 9 Inventorying and Evaluating Windows
Systems 253
Getting Basic System Information ..........................253
Determining the Current User, Domain,
and Computer Name 254
Determining and Setting the Date and Time 255
Specifying Authentication Credentials 257
Examining the System Configuration and
the Working Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .257
Determining Windows Updates and Service Packs 258
Obtaining Detailed System Information 261
Determining Available Users and Groups 265
Evaluating System Hardware ..............................267
Checking Firmware Versions and Status 267
Checking Physical Memory and Processors 269
Checking Hard Disks and Partitions 271
Checking and Managing Device Drivers 275
Digging In Even More 279
Chapter 10 Managing File Systems, Security, and Auditing 281
Managing PowerShell Drives, Directories, and Files ..........281
Adding and Removing PowerShell Drives 282
Creating and Managing Directories and Files 283
Working with File Contents ...............................286
Commands for Managing File Contents 286
Reading and Writing File Content 288
Accessing Security Descriptors ............................289
Commands for Working with Security Descriptors 289
Getting and Setting Security Descriptors 289
Working with Access Rules 293
Configuring File and Directory Permissions .................296
Setting Basic Permissions 296
Setting Special Permissions 300
Taking Ownership 304
Configuring File and Directory Auditing ....................305
Contents ix
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Chapter 11 Managing Shares, Printers, and TCP/IP
Networking 309
Managing Network Shares ................................309
Getting Information About Shares 310
Changing Share Settings 311
Creating Shares 313
Deleting Shares 314
Managing Printers .......................................314
Getting Information About Printers 315
Checking Printer Drivers 317
Managing Printer Connections 318
Managing TCP/IP Networking .............................319
Getting Information About Network Adapters 319
Configuring Static IP Addressing 323
Configuring Dynamic IP Addressing 326
Configuring Windows Firewall .............................328
Viewing and Managing Windows Firewall Settings 328
Adding and Removing Firewall Ports 333
Chapter 12 Managing and Securing the Registry 335
Understanding Registry Keys and Values. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .336
Navigating the Registry ...................................338
Managing Registry Keys and Values ........................341
Creating Registry Keys and Values 342
Copying Registry Keys and Values 343
Moving Registry Keys and Values 344
Renaming Registry Keys and Values 344
Deleting Registry Keys and Values 345
Comparing Registry Keys .................................346
Viewing and Managing Registry Security Settings ...........347
Getting and Setting Registry Security Descriptors 348
Working with Registry Access Rules 350
Configuring Registry Permissions 351
Taking Ownership of Registry Keys 356
Auditing the Registry .....................................357
x Contents