Table Of ContentStudies in Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics
Vol. 1 Engineering Meteorology: Fundamentals of Meteorology and Their Application
to Problems in Environmental and Civil Engineering (Plate, Editor)
Vol. 2 Wind Effects on Civil Engineering Structures (KolouSek, Pirner, Fischer and
Näprstek)
Vol. 3 Wind Engineering 1983, Parts A—C. Proceedings of the Sixth International
Conference on Wind Engineering (Holmes, Jackson and Melbourne, Editors)
Studies in Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 3C
Wind
Engineering 1983
Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Wind Engineering,
Gold Coast, Australia, March 21—25, and Auckland, New Zealand, April
6—7, 1983; held under the auspices of the International Association for
Wind Engineering
edited by
J.D. HOLMES
C.S.I.R.O. Division of Building Research, Highett, Victoria, Australia
P.S. JACKSON
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Auckland, New Zealand
W.H.MELBOURNE
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
PARTC (Sessions 17-24)
This set of pages has been published as a special issue of
Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,
Vol. 15
ELSEVIER
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V
FOREWORD
The Sixth International Conference on Wind Engineering was held in two Sections.
The First Section was held at Australia's Gold Coast on 21-25 March 19Ö3 and the
Second Section was held at Auckland, New Zealand on 6-7 April 19Ö3.
Previous Conferences in this series were held as follows:
first in Teddington, England (June 1963)i
second in Ottawa, Canada (September 1967);
third in Tokyo, Japan (September 1971);
fourth in Heathrow, England (September 1975); and the
fifth in Fort Collins, USA (July 1979).
The first four conferences were held under the title "International Conference
on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures". Since the formation of the
International Association for Wind Engineering in 1975 the conferences have been
held under the title "International Conference on Wind Engineering".
In I98O the International Association for Wind Engineering became formally
associated with (what then became renamed) the Journal of Wind Engineering and
Industrial Aerodynamics, published by Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company,
Amsterdam, and which became the official organ of the Association.
XV
INTRODUCTION
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR WIND ENGINEERING
The International Association fo Wind Engineering (IAWE) came into being on 10
September 1975 through action of the Steering Committee for the International
Study Group on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures. Primary purposes of
the IAWE are:
(1) organize and maintain continuity of international conferences
on wind engineering that began with the International
Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures held at
Teddington, UK, in 1963 and
(2) establish liaison with national and international
organizations working in related fields.
At the Fifth International Conference on Wind Engineering held at Colorado State
University in Fort Collins, Colorado, USA on 8-lU July 1979 the Steering
Committee of the International Association accepted an invitation from Australia
and New Zealand to host the Sixth International Conference on Wind Engineering.
In particular it was decided to include the topic of wind energy into the
programme.
Minutes of the Steering Committee of the International Association for Wind
Engineering which met during the Sixth International Conference on Wind
Engineering are presented in Appendix 1 of these proceedings.
THE CONFERENCE
The conference was held in two sections
Section 1 was held at Australia's Gold Coast near Brisbane,
Queensland, 21-25 March 19Ö3, and contained topics related to
the characteristics of wind, the aerodynamics, design,
economics, full scale measurement and modelling of buildings
and other structures, for wind loading effects, and
environmental effects arising from wind, including the
dispersion of atmospheric polllutants.
Section 2 was held in Auckland, New Zealand, 6-7 April 19&3,
and contained topics related to wind energy, in particular
covering wind generator aerodynamics and performance, wind
characteristics, site studies and flow over hills.
Two hundred and eight delegates from twenty three countries attended the
Conference at which 100 papers were presented. These papers, chosen from a
total of 173 offered, are presented in these Proceedings along with the Session
Discussions and editorial comments of Session Chairmen and Rapporteurs.
PROGRAMME SUMMARY
A pre-conference four day tour of North Queensland and the Great Barrier Reef
was attended by some 2k Delegates. It started by a tour of inspection of Wind
Engineering Research at James Cook University and of tropical cyclone resistant
housing construction, and then on through North Queensland and the Great Barrier
Reef with a tour finale dinner on Saturday 19 March.
The Conference Sessions of Section 1 were held in the Convention Centre of the
Chevron Surfers Paradise Hotel.
Monday 21 March
Morning Opening/Technical Session 1
Welcome by Professor W.H. Melbourne, Chairman of the IAWE and
Conference Organising Committee
Opening Address by Mr. J. McG. Mclntyre, President of The
Institution of Engineers, Australia
Keynote Address by Professor A.G. Davenport, Director Boundary
Layer Wind Tunnel Laboratory, University of Western Ontario
Technical Session 2 Wind Characteristics: Strong Winds & Tropical
Cyclones
Afternoon Technical Session Wind Characteristics: Long Term Wind
Statistics
Technical Session Wind Loading of Tall Buildings (a)
Evening Hawaiian Luau
Tuesday 22 March
Morning Technical Session 5 Wind Loading of Tall Buildings (b)
Technical Session 6 Wind Loading of Low Rise Structures (a)
Afternoon Technical Session 7 Wind Loading of Low Rise Structures (b)
Technical Session 8 Instrumentation and Experimental Techniques
for Wind Loading
Evening IAWE Steering Committee Meeting
Wednesday 23 March
Morning Technical Session 9 Safety and Risk: Wind Codes
Technical Session 10 Low Rise Building Wind Resistant Design
Afternoon Technical Session 11 Wind Loading of Chimneys and Cooling Towers
Evening Cruise to Sea World and Conference Dinner
Thursday 2h March
Morning Technical Session 12 Wind Loading of Bridges
Technical Session 13 Wind Loading of Cables and Transmission Lines
Afternoon Technical Session ik Wind Loading of Towers and Offshore Platforms
Technical Session 15 Fundamentals of Bluff Body Aerodynamics
Friday 25 March
Morning Technical Session l6 Bluff Body Aerodynamics and Mathematical
Models of Wind Loading
Technical Session 17 Internal Pressures, Natural Ventilation and
Heat Losses Due to Wind
Afternoon Technical Session 18 Topographic Modelling, Disperison of Gaseous
Pollutants
Technical Session 19 Wind Environment and Shelter
Closure
The foregoing programme was supplemented by a Guest Programme of tours in the
Brisbane, Gold Coast regions. In addition to the formal techniacl programme,
informal workshops were held on the topics of : the International Aylesbury
Collaborative Experiment, design wind speeds in tropical-cyclone-prone
locations, wind loading codes and standards.
XV11
On Saturday 26th March about 50 Delegates commenced a Study Tour to Sydney,
Canberra and Melbourne and then across to Christchurch and Wellington to the
commencement of Section 2 of the Conference in Auckland, New Zealand. Centres
visited were the University of Sydney, Centre Point Tower, Monash University,
CSIRO Division of Buidling Research, University of Christchurch and Lincoln
College, University of Wellington and the Central Laboratory of the Government
Ministry of Works Programme on wind engineering and the University of Auckland.
The Conference Sessions of Section 2 were held in the University of Auckland
Conference Centre.
Tuesday 5 April
Evening Registration and Welcome Cocktail Party
Wednesday 6 April
Morning Opening/Technical Sessions
Welcome by Associate Professor D.H Freeston, Geothermal
Institute, University of Auckland.
Opening Address by Professor R.F. Meyer, Dean of Engineering,
University of Auckland and Chairman of the New Zealand Energy
Research and Development Committee and of the Energy Advisory
Committee.
Technical Session 20 Wind Characteristics: Structure and
Statistics (a)
Technical Session 21 Wind Characteristics: Structure and
Statistics (b)
Afternoon Technical Session 22 Wind Characteristics: Flow Over Hills and
Ridges
Thursday 7 April
Morning Technical Session 23 Wind Power Systems (a)
Technical Session 2k Wind Power Systems (b)
Afternoon Closing Session
Evening Conference Dinner
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The Sixth International Conference on Wind Engineering covered a great deal of
territory both scholastically and physically. The Conference will be remembered
as one in which a larger number of people than usual contributed to and shared
in the work of organisation and it is to all of these people that I wish to
express my sincere thanks.
Members of the Conference Commitee from Australia and New Zealand are listed in
Appendix 2. Of those, our Conference Secretary, Mrs. Irene Cody played a major
role from the very first contacts with Preliminary Registrants right through the
Conference to the completion of those thousand and one tasks and interactions
with authors which produce the final Proceedings; to her we give very special
thanks for the smooth running of the Conference. At the Gold Coast our Guest
Delegates were very grateful for the preparations of Dr. & Mrs. Simmons and the
personal hostessing of the Tours by Mrs. Meredith Melbourne. We are indebted to
the fine organisation of the University of Auckland Continuing Education
Department for the hosting of the New Zealand Conference Sessions.
XVUl
SPONSORS
Grateful acknowledgement and thanks are expressed to the following sponsors who
gave either support from their resources or direct financial support.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Monash University
Division of Building Research, C.S.I.R.O.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Auckland
Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, James Cook University
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Queensland
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Canterbury University
The Institution of Engineers, Australia
Central Laboratories, Ministry of Works, New Zealand
Civil Engineering Consultants in Australia
Dulmison (Australia ) Pty. Ltd.
Qantas Airways Limited
Trans Australia Airlines
W.H. Melbourne
Chairman.
SESSION IT
IHTERNAL PRESSURES, HATURAL VENTILATION AMD HEAT LOSSES DUE TO WIND
CHAIRMAN
C. Kramer
Professor, Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
Fachhochschule, Aachen
West Germany
CO-CHAIRMAN
H. van Koten
Institute TNO for Building Material
and Structures,
Netherlands
RAPPORTEUR
L. Pham
Division of Building Research
CSIRO
Melbourne, Australia
Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 15 (1983) 3—13 3
Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam — Printed in The Netherlands
PRESSURE RESPONSE INSIDE DOUBLE GLAZED WINDOWS
T. YAMAUCHI, S. KAWABATA, T. MOCHIZUKI
NIPPON SHEET GLASS CO., LTD.
Product and Engineering Dpt.
SUMMARY
Concerning the response characteristics of air pressure inside of double
glazed window, theoretical analysis and experiment have been investigated.
Analysis method is a combination of a Helmholtz resonator model and a vibration
model of glass, and could get a good correspondence with the experimental
result. When the frequency range in which glass comes up to resonance point,
is divided into three steps, in low frequency range, friction force of leading
tube, glass rigidity and volume of air space are related to response charac-
teristics, and in middle frequency range, only glass rigidity and volume of
air space are related. In third step, resonance phenomenon is equivalent to
spring system which consists of the spring by rigidity of glass itself and
airspring which occurs in air space between two glasses. It is considered
that in actual double glazed windows Helmholtz resonance will not occur in
most cases.
NOTATION
A area of leading tube S area of glass plate
a half width of glass plate t time
b half length of glass plate V volume of air space
a
C capacity of air space X,x displacement of air slug
E Young's modulus of glass y equivalent displacement of glass
e
plate
f frequency
a deflection coeff. of glass plate
h thickness of glass plate
ß discharge coeff. of leading tube
j imaginary unit
Smax maximum deflection of glass
K equivalent rigidity of glass plate
e plate
Le equivalent length of leading tube
ζ friction loss coeff.
Me equivalent mass of glass plate
η coordinate
n polytropic constant
y viscosity of air
Pa pressure of air space
V Poisson's ratio of glass
Pi internal pressure
ξ coordinate
Po external pressure
pa. density of air
R friction coeff. of leading tube
pg density of glass
r damping coeff. of glass plate
ω angular frequency
0167-6105/83/$03.00 © 1983 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.
