Wildlife Search and Rescue: A Guide for First Responders

244 Pages·4.389 MB·English

by  Rebecca Dmytryk(auth.)

Wildlife Search and Rescue
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Wildlife Search
and Rescue
A Guide for First Responders
Rebecca Dmytryk
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
Thiseditionfirstpublished2012©2012byJohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons,formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobalScientific,
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Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,or
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Designationsusedbycompaniestodistinguishtheirproductsareoftenclaimedastrademarks.All
brandnamesandproductnamesusedinthisbookaretradenames,servicemarks,trademarksor
registeredtrademarksoftheirrespectiveowners.Thepublisherisnotassociatedwithanyproductor
vendormentionedinthisbook.Thispublicationisdesignedtoprovideaccurateandauthoritative
informationinregardtothesubjectmattercovered.Itissoldontheunderstandingthatthepublisher
isnotengagedinrenderingprofessionalservices.Ifprofessionaladviceorotherexpertassistanceis
required,theservicesofacompetentprofessionalshouldbesought.
AspecialthankyoutoRebeccaDuerr,DVM,forhelpfulcommentsonthewildlifefirstaidsectionof
thebook.
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Dmytryk,Rebecca.
Wildlifesearchandrescue:aguideforfirstresponders/byRebeccaDmytryk.
p.cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN978-0-470-65510-8(cloth)–ISBN978-0-470-65511-5(paper)
1. Wildliferescue–UnitedStates–Handbooks,manuals,etc.2. Firstresponders–
UnitedStates–Handbooks,manuals,etc.I.Title.
QL83.2.D582012
333.95(cid:2)417–dc23
2011030370
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Setin10/13ptRotisSemiSansbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India.
First 2012
This book is dedicated to wild creatures and their wild lands.
Aho Mitakuye Oyasin (to all my relations)
Thisbookisintendedsolelyasaguidetoappropriateproceduresforresponseto
emergenciesinvolvingwildanimalsbasedonthemostcurrentrecommendations
of responsible sources, yet, because of the uniqueness of emergencies, certain
situations may require additional safety measures other than those described
herein. Therefore, readers are cautioned to use their best judgment and adopt
all safety precautions indicated by their activities. Additionally, this book is not
meanttobeusedtoadviseanyoneastotheirlegalauthoritytocapture,possess,
and treat wildlife. By following guidance contained herein the reader willingly
assumesallrisksinconnectionwithsuchactivities.
Contents
Foreword JayHolcomb xiii
Preface xvii
1 Overviewofwildliferescue 1
2 Characterizingwildlifesearchandrescue 3
3 LawsandregulationsgoverningwildliferescueintheUSA 7
4 Codeofpractice 10
5 Thecomponentsofwildlifesearchandrescue 11
Humansafety 11
Environmentalhazards 11
Humanfactorhazards 12
Equipmenthazards 13
Healthrisks 13
Zoonoticdiseases 15
Bacterialinfections 15
Fungalinfections 18
Viruses 19
Parasites 19
Personalprotectiveequipment 22
Protectionfromhazardousmaterials 24
Basicsafetyandpreparednessguidelines 26
Operationalriskmanagement 27
Outfitting 32
Thewelfareoftheanimal 34
Understandingstress 35
Minimizingstressduringrescueoperations 38
Potentialforsuccess 40
Themindsetofthehunterandthehunted 42
Theimportanceofnaturalhistory 42
Thefundamentalsofthesearch 43
Thefundamentalsofthecapture 45
viii Contents
6 Anatomyofaresponseteam 52
7 Overviewofwildlifecaptureequipment 55
Thetowel 55
Herdingboards 55
Netsandnetting 57
Thehoopnet 57
Theopen-endedhoopnet 58
Thethrownet 60
Landseine 60
Mechanicalnets 60
Activelandseine 60
ThebownetandQ-net 61
Thewhooshnet 62
Driving,funnel,andwalk-intraps 63
Thedho-gaza 66
Droptraps 66
Cagetraps 68
Projectile-powerednets 68
Lures 69
Catchpole 70
8 Capture,handling,andconfinementofwildbirds 71
Techniquesforcapturingwildbirds 71
Enticingwildbirdsusinglures 71
TheBartostrap 76
Snare-typetraps 76
Bal-chatri 76
Thephaitrap 78
Noosecarpets 79
Thesinglesnare 79
Legsnarepole 84
Swanhook 85
Pittraps 85
Mistnets 86
Onthewater 86
Floatinggillnets 88
Floatingbarriersandsubmersiblepens 89
Spotlighting 90
Contents ix
Specialcircumstancesandparticularmethods 92
Hummingbirds 92
Loons(Gaviiformes) 93
Grebes(Podicipediformes) 94
Railsandcoots(Rallidae) 94
Brownpelican(Pelecanusoccidentalis) 95
Cormorants(Phalacrocoracidae) 97
Waders 97
Alcids 98
Birdstrappedinstructures 98
Hummingbirdsinskylights 99
Windowstrikes 100
Ducklingsinapool 100
Birdsentangledinfishingtackle 104
Rodenticidepoisoning 105
Shotthroughwithaprojectile 105
Gluetraps 109
Avianbotulism 110
Leadpoisoning 111
Domoicacidpoisoning(DAP) 111
‘‘Seaslime’’ 113
Oilandpetroleumproducts 113
Handlingandrestraintofwildbirds 117
Processingfromnetsandhousing 124
Short-termandtemporaryhousingforwildbirds 124
9 Capture,handling,andconfinementoflandmammals 130
Techniquesforcapturingwildmammals 130
Chemicalimmobilization 131
Specialcircumstancesandparticularmethods 131
Smallrodents 131
Largerodents,porcupines,beaver 132
Lagomorphs,rabbitsandhares 132
Xenarthrans,anteaters,armadillos 132
Skunks 133
Canids 133
Deer 133
Physicalrestraintoflandmammals 134
Bats 134
x Contents
Smallrodents 135
Talpids,molesandrelatives 136
Squirrels 137
Opossums 137
Porcupines 137
Lagomorphs,rabbitsandhares 138
Smallandmedium-sizedcarnvores 138
Mustelids,badger,otter,weasels 139
Skunks 139
Coyotesandfoxes 139
Felids 140
Processingmammalsfromnetsandcages 140
Temporaryconfinementoflandmammals 142
10 Captureandhandlingofreptilesandamphibians 145
11 Marinemammalrescue 146
Rescuingsealsandsealions 146
Youngsealsandsealions 147
Hoopnets 149
Modifiedopen-endedhoopnet 149
Wraps,slings,andstretchers 151
Thetowelwrap 151
Flatwebbingcargonet 152
Thefloatingnet 153
Physicalrestraintofsealsandsealions 153
Confinementandtransportofpinnipeds 153
Cetaceans 156
12 Basicwildlifefirstaidandstabilization 158
Performingacursoryphysicalexamination 159
Bleeding 161
Dehydration 161
Fluidtherapy 162
Oralfluidadministration(mammals) 164
Oralfluidadministration(birds) 165
Subcutaneousinjections 168
Treatinghypothermia 170
TreatingHyperthermia 171
Basicwoundcare 172