Table Of Content=<
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WHO IS
MARK TWAIN?
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by
MARK TWAIN
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CONTENTS
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“Stacks of Literary Remains”
A Note on the Text [ v ]
. . .
[ 1 ]
Whenever I Am about to Publish a Book
[ 5 ]
Frank Fuller and My First New York Lecture
[ 31 ]
Conversations with Satan
[ 47 ]
Jane Austen
[ 51 ]
The Force of “Suggestion”
[ 55 ]
The Privilege of the Grave
[ 61 ]
A Group of Servants
[ 71 ]
The Quarrel in the Strong-Box
[ 77 ]
Happy Memories of the Dental Chair
[ 87 ]
Dr. Van Dyke as a Man and as a Fisherman
CONTENTS
[ 95 ]
On Postage Rates on Authors’ Manuscript
[ 103 ]
The Missionary in World-Politics
[ 111 ]
The Undertaker’s Tale
[ 125 ]
The Music Box
[ 131 ]
The Grand Prix
[ 145 ]
The Devil’s Gate
[ 147 ]
The Snow-Shovelers
[ 153 ]
Professor Mahaffy on Equality
[ 157 ]
Interviewing the Interviewer
[ 165 ]
An Incident
[ 169 ]
The Jungle Discusses Man
[ 175 ]
I Rise to a Question of Privilege
[ 183 ]
Telegraph Dog
[ 199 ]
The American Press
. . .
About the Author
Other Books by Mark Twain
Credits
Cover
Copyright
About the Publisher
[ iv ]
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“STACKS OF LITERARY REMAINS”
A NOTE ON THE TEXT
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Y
ou had better shove this in the stove,” Mark Twain
said at the top of an 1865 letter to his brother, “for
I don’t want any absurd ‘literary remains’ & ‘unpublished let-
ters of Mark Twain’ published after I am planted.”
Considering that Mark Twain issued that gentle com-
mand weeks before he had published his first big success,
“Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog,” and almost two years
before he published his first book, it was a remarkably pre-
scient thing to say, even as a joke. The letter to his brother sur-
vives because his brother ignored the instruction to burn it,
and Mark Twain himself soon changed his mind about what
should be done with his “literary remains.” Thirty-six years
later, in September 1901, he told his good friend Joe Twichell
[ v ]
“STACKS OF LITERARY REMAINS”
that he had “done a grist of writing here this summer, but not
for publication soon—if ever. I did write two satisfactory ar-
ticles for early print, but I burnt one of them & have buried the
other one in my large box of Posthumous Stuff. I’ve got stacks
of Literary Remains piled up there.”
This time he was clearly not joking—or exaggerating.
When Mark Twain died in 1910, he left behind him the largest
cache of personal papers created by any nineteenth-century
American author—letters, notebooks, a massive autobiogra-
phy, hundreds of unpublished literary manuscripts, seventy
thousand incoming letters, photographs, bills, checks, con-
tracts, and other business documents (easily half a million
pages). All but two of the short works published here come
from that archive, known as the Mark Twain Papers in The
Bancroft Library at Berkeley. The other two (“The Devil’s
Gate” and “I Rise to a Question of Privilege”) are among the
earliest written, and come from a much smaller group of his
manuscripts originally kept for him by his sister Pamela. That
group includes two dozen unpublished sketches and essays
written as early as age twenty, all of which eventually found
their way to the Vassar College Library. These two archives
alone show that Mark Twain’s penchant for preserving manu-
scripts he did not publish or sometimes even finish was life-
long.
[ vi ]
“STACKS OF LITERARY REMAINS”
In referring to these manuscripts as “stacks of Literary Re-
mains” Clemens would seem to imply that he expected some
of them to be published, or at least read, after his death (“not
for publication soon—if ever”). But how did he really feel
about posterity publishing things from his “large box of Post-
humous Stuff ”? Aren’t we trampling on his own best judg-
ment in publishing what he himself decided not to publish? I
don’t think so. Let me explain why.
When the first half of the manuscript for Huckleberry Finn
was discovered in 1991 (Mark Twain had given it to a library,
but it had been lost for more than 100 years) it made quite a
commotion in the press and even in the world at large. Sena-
tor Daniel Patrick Moynihan, for example, is known to have
stopped his limousine in front of Sotheby’s just to see the
long-lost manuscript then on display there. The general feel-
ing was, I suppose, that here at last was the authentic text of
Mark Twain’s masterpiece. About this same time, a famous
New York publisher called me in Berkeley because, he said, he
wanted to know just exactly what the manuscript represented:
Was it really the ultimate text for Huck Finn? I explained that,
no, it was actually not Mark Twain’s final draft, but rather more
like a first draft, since he had had his manuscript typed, and
then extensively revised that typescript, which in turn became
his final draft and went to the typesetter. The New York pub-
[ vii ]
“STACKS OF LITERARY REMAINS”
lisher said: “How strange. All of my authors go to great lengths
to destroy their early drafts”—presumably so that no one can
tell how they struggled to arrive at the final text.
I think it is clear that, unlike most writers, Mark Twain
was not embarrassed by his “literary remains” even when they
were failures. He seems to have been wholly willing to let pos-
terity read them, unafraid of the light they might cast on his
talent, or the way he wrote. That unusual willingness to let the
world see how he worked, including how he failed or simply
misfired, had only one precondition—he must not be alive at the
time. The following passage from Mark Twain’s autobiography
(31 May 1906), whose full publication he deliberately forbade
until 100 years after his death, makes this precondition ex-
plicit, and explains why he thought he was taking no real risk
in the matter:
I can speak more frankly from the grave than most his-
torians would be able to do, for the reason that whereas
they would not be able to feel dead, howsoever hard
they might try, I myself am able to do that. They would
be making believe to be dead. With me, it is not make-
believe. They would all the time be feeling, in a tolerably
definite way, that that thing in the grave which repre-
sents them is a conscious entity; conscious of what it was
[ viii ]
“STACKS OF LITERARY REMAINS”
saying about people; an entity capable of feeling shame;
an entity capable of shrinking from full and frank ex-
pression, for they believe in immortality. They believe
that death is only a sleep, followed by an immediate
waking, and that their spirits are conscious of what is
going on here below and take a deep and continuous in-
terest in the joys and sorrows of the sur vivors whom they
love and don’t.
But I have long ago lost my belief in immortality—
also my interest in it. I can say, now, what I could not
say while alive—things which it would shock people to
hear; things which I could not say when alive because I
should be aware of that shock and would certainly spare
myself the personal pain of inf licting it.
In other words, Mark Twain was perfectly willing to let us
read his most intimate manuscripts precisely because he knew
that when we did so, he would no longer exist.
Yet whatever intentions Mark Twain had for his manu-
scripts, as long as his official biographer, Albert Bigelow
Paine, had charge of them—from 1910 to 1937—he and the
author’s only surviving daughter, Clara, had sole access to
them and absolute discretion over their publication. Paine, in
fact, thought most of the literary manuscripts ought not to
[ ix ]
Description:You had better shove this in the stove," Mark Twain said at the top of an 1865 letter to his brother, "for I don't want any absurd 'literary remains' and 'unpublished letters of Mark Twain' published after I am planted." He was joking, of course. But when Mark Twain died in 1910, he left behind the
