Table Of ContentWHATEVER SHINES SHOULD BE OBSERVED
ASTROPHYSICS AND
SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY
VOLUME292
EDITORIAL BOARD
Chairman
W.B. BURTON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A.
([email protected]); University of Leiden, The Netherlands (burton @strw.leidenuniv.nl)
Executive Committee
J. M. E. KUIJPERS, Faculty of Science, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
E. P. J. VAN DEN HEUVEL, Astronomical Institute, University of Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
H. VANDERLAAN, Astronomical Institute, University of Utrecht,
The Netherlands
MEMBERS
I. APPENZELLER, Landessternwarte Heidelberg-Konigstuhl, Germany
J. N. BAHC ALL, The Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A.
F. BERTOLA, Universita di Padova, Italy
J.P. CASSINELLI, University of Wisconsin, Madison, U.S.A.
C. J. CESARSKY, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
0. ENGVOLD, Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Norway
R. McCRAY, University of Colorado, liLA, Boulder, U.S.A.
P. G. MURDIN, Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge, U.K.
F. PACINI, lstituto Astronomia Arcetri, Firenze, Italy
V. RADHAKRISHNAN, Raman Research Institute, Bangalure, India
K. SATO, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
F. H. SHU, University of California, Berkeley, U.S.A.
B. V. SOMOV, Astronomical institute, Moscow State University, Russia
R. A. SUNYAEV, Space Research Institute, Moscow, Russia
Y. TANAKA, Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Kanagawa, Japan
S. TREMAINE, CITA, Princeton University, U.S.A.
N. 0. WEISS, University of Cambridge, U.K.
WHATEVER SHINES SHOULD
BE OBSERVED
[q uicquid nitet notandum]
by
SUSAN M.P. McKENNA-LAWLOR
Space Technology Ireland Ltd.,
National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS :rv.t:EDIA, B.V.
A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-6343-4 ISBN 978-94-017-0351-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-0351-2
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2003
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
DEDICATION
Dedicated to the memory of my dear Mother, Margaret (Meta) McKenna,
nee Keane, whose personal perception of the importance of a University
education for women inspired me to pursue an academic career.
v
CONTENTS
List of Figures X
Foreword by Alison, Countess of Rosse XI
Introduction XV
Preface XIX
Acknowledgments XXI
Chapter I
Mary, Countess of Rosse- 1813-1885
The Early Years I
Introduction to Birr 2
Motherhood 3
Support for Telescope Building at Birr 4
Redesign of the Demesne 7
Casting the Demesne Gates 8
Introduction to Photography 9
The World's Oldest Fully Equipped Darkroom 10
The Photography of Mary Rosse 12
London Soirees 14
Yacht Racing and other interests 14
The Final Years 15
The Legacy of Mary Rosse to Posterity 16
References 16
Notes 17
Chapter 2
The Hon. Mrs. Mary Ward- 1827-1869 19
The Early Years 19
External influences 22
The Ross Microscope 23
Stimulating Contacts 23
Marriage and Motherhood 25
Microscope Wonders 26
Microscope Teachings 29
Telescope Teachings 33
Observations of Donati's Comet 36
Scientific Articles on Natural History and Microscopy 44
Visit to Greenwich Observatory 45
The Final Days 46
VII
viii
Castle Ward 47
Mary as an Entrepeneur 4 7
Mary as a Writer 48
Overview 50
Bibliography 50
Notes 51
Chapter 3
Agnes Mary Clerke - 1842-1907 53
The Early Years 53
Life in Italy 55
First Publications 55
A Popular History ofA stronomy during the Nineteenth Century 56
The Response of the Scientific Community 58
Women and the Royal Astronomical Society 60
Further Publications Previous to 1900 61
Problems in Astrophysics 63
Honorary Membership of the Royal Astronomical Society 63
The Final Years 64
Conclusion 67
Notes 68
References 68
Chapter 4
Ellen Mary Clerke - 1840-1906 71
Early Influences on Ellen and Agnes Clerke 71
Linguistic Achievements and Early Writings 72
Articles on Astronomy 73
Later Literary Works 74
Overview 74
References 75
List of Published Works 75
Chapter 5
Lady Margaret Lindsay Huggins - 1848-1915 77
The Early Years 77
Introduction to Tulse Hill 79
Introduction to Hannah Pipe 83
Astronomy at Tulse Hill 86
Music at Tulse Hill 87
The Nature ofNebulae 88
Scientific Partnership 90
Intimations of Mortality 92
Nova Aurigae 93
Laboratory Spectra 93
Scientific and Science Related Publications 94
Multifaceted Interests 94
IX
A Knighthood, and Presidency of the Royal Society
for William Huggins 96
Margaret Honoured by the Royal Society and by the
Royal Astronomical Society 97
Visit to lona Preceding the Death of Hannah Pipe 98
Ongoing Contact with Wellesley College 99
The Spectra of Radioactive Substances 100
The Close of William's Presidency of the Royal Society 100
Retirement 101
Death of Sir William 104
Alone at Tulse Hill 104
Submerged Controversy 105
The Huggins Dome 114
Personal Bequests 116
Preparations to Write the 'Life' 118
Refereeing 119
Request for Personal Reminiscences of William 120
The Move to Moore's Garden 121
Life at Moore's Garden 124
Bequest to Wellesley College 125
The Final Days and their Aftermath 126
The 'Controversy' in Retrospect 127
Controversy re The Nebular Spectrum 127
Controversy re The Line of Sight Method 130
Postscript 137
Bibliography 138
Appendix 1 139
Appendix 2 140
Notes 141
Index 147
Biography 153
X
List of Figures
1.1 Mary, Countess of Rosse 3
1.2 The Leviathan of Parsonst own 6
1.3 The restored Leviathan 6
1.4 The Whirlpool Galaxy 7
1.5 The Keep Gates at Birr Castle 8
1.6 The darkroom at Birr Castle 10
1.7 Birr Castle 11
1.8 Silver Medal of the Photographic Society of Ireland 13
2.1 Mary King and family chasing butterflies 20
2.2 Mary King studying insects 21
2.3 Mary Ward's Dollond telescope 22
2.4 Mary Ward 24
2.5 'The insect Maypole' 28
2.6 Arrangement of microscope to view water animals 30
2.7 Plate from Microscope Teachings 32
2.8 Solar spots from Telescope Teachings 35
2.9 The comet of 1858 from Telescope Teachings 39
2.10 Chart of Donati's Comet from Telescope Teachings 41
2.11 Painting of the Natterjack Toad 45
3.1 Agnes Clerke 53
3.2 Catherine Clerke 54
3.3 Title page from A Popular History ofA stronomy 57
3.4 Agnes Clerke with the Gills at the Cape Observatory 60
4.1 Ellen Clerke 73
5.1 Tulse Hill 78
5.2 Armillary dial at Tulse Hill 80
5.3 Margaret Huggins at Tulse Hill 82
5.4 Drawing from the Coverdale Bible 102
5.5 Margaret Huggins 103
5.6 Draft letter for Professor Newal 111
