Table Of ContentSTUDIES OF THE AMERICAS
edited by
James Dunkerley
Institute for the Study of the Americas
University of London
School of Advanced Study
Titles in this series are multidisciplinary studies of aspects of the societies of the hemisphere,
particularly in the areas of politics, economics, history, anthropology, sociology, and the
environment. The series covers a comparative perspective across the Americas, including
Canada and the Caribbean as well as the United States and Latin America.
Titles in this series published by Palgrave Macmillan:
Cuba’s Military 1990–2005: Revolutionary Soldiers during Counter-Revolutionary Times
By Hal Klepak
The Judicialization of Politics in Latin America
Edited by Rachel Sieder, Line Schjolden, and Alan Angell
Latin America: A New Interpretation
By Laurence Whitehead
Appropriation as Practice: Art and Identity in Argentina
By Arnd Schneider
America and Enlightenment Constitutionalism
Edited by Gary L. McDowell and Johnathan O’Neill
Vargas and Brazil: New Perspectives
Edited by Jens R. Hentschke
When Was Latin America Modern?
Edited by Nicola Miller and Stephen Hart
Debating Cuban Exceptionalism
Edited by Laurence Whitehead and Bert Hoffman
Caribbean Land and Development Revisited
Edited by Jean Besson and Janet Momsen
Cultures of the Lusophone Black Atlantic
Edited by Nancy Naro, Roger Sansi-Roca and David Treece
Democratization, Development, and Legality: Chile, 1831–1973
By Julio Faundez
The Hispanic World and American Intellectual Life, 1820–1880
By Iván Jaksic´
The Role of Mexico’s Plural in Latin American Literary and Political Culture: From
Tlatelolco to the “Philanthropic Ogre”
By John King
Faith and Impiety in Revolutionary Mexico
Edited by Matthew Butler
Reinventing Modernity in Latin America: Intellectuals Imagine the Future, 1900–1930
By Nicola Miller
The Republican Party and Immigration Politics: From Proposition 187 to George W. Bush
By Andrew Wroe
The Political Economy of Hemispheric Integration: Responding to Globalization in the
Americas
Edited by Kenneth C. Shadlen and Diego Sánchez-Ancochea
Ronald Reagan and the 1980s
Edited by Cheryl Hudson and Gareth Bryn Davies
Wellbeing and Development in Peru: Local and Universal Views Confronted
Edited by James Copestake
The Federal Nation: Perspectives on American Federalism
Edited by Iwan W. Morgan and Philip J. Davies
Base Colonies in the Western Hemisphere, 1940–1967
By Steven High
Beyond Neoliberalism in Latin America?: Societies and Politics at the Crossroads
Edited by John Burdick, Philip Oxhorn, and Kenneth M. Roberts
Wellbeing and Development
in Peru
Local and Universal
Views Confronted
Edited by
James Copestake
wELLBEING AND DEVELOPMENT IN PERU
Copyright © James Copestake, 2008.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2008
All rights reserved.
First published in 2008 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN®
in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world,
this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-37567-7 ISBN 978-0-230-61699-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9780230616998
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Wellbeing and development in Peru : local and universal views
confronted / edited by James Copestake.
p. cm.—(Studies of the Americas)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0–230–60869–8
1. Well-being—Peru. 2. Quality of life—Peru. I. Copestake, James G.,
1960–
HN344.W45 2008
306.0985(cid:1)09049—dc22 2008017288
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.
First edition: December 2008
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Figures vii
List of Tables ix
Foreword and Acknowledgements xi
Notes on Contributors xiii
Abbreviations xv
1. Introduction and Overview 1
James Copestake
2. R esources, Conflict, and Social
Identity in Context 31
J osé Luis Álvarez, Maribel Arroyo, Lida Carhuallanqui,
James Copestake, Martín Jaurapoma, Tom Lavers,
Miguel Obispo, Edwin Paúcar, Percy Reina,
and Jorge Yamamoto
3. S ubjective Wellbeing: An
Alternative Approach 61
J orge Yamamoto, Ana Rosa Feijoo, and
Alejandro Lazarte
4. Economic Welfare, Poverty, and
Subjective Wellbeing 103
J ames Copestake, Monica Guillen-Royo,
Wan-Jung Chou, Tim Hinks, and Jackeline Velazco
5. Wellbeing and Migration 121
R ebecca Lockley with Teófilo Altamirano,
and James Copestake
6. Wellbeing and Institutions 153
José Luis Álvarez with James Copestake
vi CONTENTS
7. R eproducing Unequal Security: Peru
as a Wellbeing Regime 185
James Copestake and Geof Wood
8. Conclusions and Implications for
Development Policy and Practice 211
James Copestake
9. Implications for Wellbeing Research and Theory 231
Jorge Yamamoto
References 243
Index 265
Figures
1.1 Diagram for thinking about personal wellbeing
as process 4
1.2 A framework for thinking about development
discourse 5
1.3 Map of the research sites 18
3.1 From goals to latent needs 68
3.2 “Place to live better” importance and satisfaction by
period of residence 72
3.3 “Raise a family” importance and satisfaction by age 73
3.4 “Raise a family” importance and satisfaction by locality 74
3.5 “ Improvement from a secure base” importance and
satisfaction by locality 75
3.6 Factor structure of resources perception 77
3.7 Factor structure of values 79
3.8 V ariation in values by locality, individualism and
collectivism 81
3.9 Variation in values by formal education, individualism,
and collectivism 83
3.10 Factor structure of personality 85
3.11 Personality by migration history 87
3.12 Path model for “place to live better” 89
3.13 Path model for “raising a family” 91
3.14 Path model for “improvement from a secure base” 96
3.15 Integrated model of subjective wellbeing 98
7.1 Model for wellbeing regimes 187
8.1 A reflexive framework for appraisal of development
interventions 228
9.1 Implications for wellbeing research and theory:
Chapter summary 232
Tables
1.1 Three contemporary discourses of development 6
1.2 National poverty rates for 2000 10
1.3 Peru and the Human Development Index 11
1.4 Human Development Index by department, 2000 11
1.5 Summary findings of Peru’s first national
participatory poverty assessment 14
1.6 Some Peruvian attitudes in regional perspective 16
1.7 A brief description of the research sites in Peru 19
1.8 WeD data collection methods 21
1.9 Education above primary level by research site:
Logit estimates 22
1.10 Global happiness by research site: Ordered
Probit estimations 24
2.1 C omparative statistics for Lima, Junin, and
Huancavelica departments 37
2.2 Demographic details of the WeDQoL sample 40
2.3 Self-categorization by site 41
2.4 Self and community categorization of social
identity compared 41
2.5 Use of the term blanco (white) by site 42
2.6 Seasonality in the Mantaro Valley: Highlights 43
4.1 P overty head count based on official and
subjective poverty lines 105
4.2 S ubjective Wellbeing and income comparisons for an urban
sample in Peru 105
4.3 M easured and perceived income mobility,
1991–2000 of a representative sample of
500 households in Peru 106
4.4 A verage household income and expenditure
by research site 107
4.5 O fficial poverty lines for 2005 (Soles per person
per month) 109
4.6 Household poverty estimates (mean over
10 months) 109
x TABLES
4.7 C omparison of income and
expenditure-based poverty classifications 109
4.8 Distribution of responses to global
happiness question by round 111
4.9 Average global happiness by research site 111
4.10 Ordered Probit analysis of happiness determinants 113
4.11 O ne way ANOVA of subjective wellbeing
indicators against global happiness scores 116
4.12 One way ANOVA of subjective wellbeing indicators against
household income poverty category 117
5.1 Place of birth of head of household and
spouse/partner 125
5.2 Households providing or making transfers
from/to relatives in last year 125
5.3 Demographic characteristics of
household members who were away at
the time of interview 126
5.4 Visits outside the community (involving
staying away more than one night) 129
5.5 Migration motives and outcomes cross-tabulated 131
6.1 Checklist of questions for semi-structured interviews 157
6.2 A summary of community institutions by purpose 159
6.3 L ink from components of “place to live
better” to institutions 160
6.4 Link from components of “raise a family”
to institutions 160
6.5 Link from components of “improvement from a secure base”
to institutions 162
6.6(a) Characteristics of selected faenas 166
6.6(b) Characteristics of selected faenas continued 172
6.6(c) Characteristics of selected faenas continued 173
8.1 Necessity and satisfaction with
components of wellbeing 213
