Waters 2487 Dual Absorbance Detector

232 Pages·2001·2.13 MB·English

by  Jonathan Young

λ
Waters 2487 Dual
Absorbance Detector
Operator’s Guide
34 Maple Street
Milford, MA 01757
WAT048740, Revision 2
NOTICE
The information in this document is subject to change without notice and should not be
construed as a commitment by Waters Corporation. Waters Corporation assumes no
responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document. This guide is believed to be
complete and accurate at the time of publication. In no event shall Waters Corporation be
liable for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising from the use of
this guide.
1997–2000 WATERS CORPORATION. PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. THIS BOOK OR PARTS THEREOF MAY NOT
BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM WITHOUT THE WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE
PUBLISHER.
Alliance, Millennium³², and Waters are registered trademarks, and LAC/E, PowerLine,
SAT/IN, and TaperSlit are trademarks of Waters Corporation.
Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS, Windows, and Windows NT are registered trademarks of
Microsoft Corporation.
PEEK is a trademark of Victrex Corporation.
Teflon is a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company.
All other trademarks are the sole property of their respective owners.
Attention: The Waters 2487 Dual λ Absorbance Detector can be used for in vitro
STOP diagnostic applications. This is a highly sensitive instrument. Read the accompanying
operator’s guide before using.
When using the instrument, follow generally accepted procedures for quality control and
methods development.
If you observe a change in the retention of a particular compound, in the resolution
between two compounds, or in peak shape, immediately take steps to determine the
reason for the changes. Until you determine the cause of a change, do not rely upon the
results of the separations.
Attention: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party
STOP responsible for compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
Attention: To meet the regulatory requirements of immunity from external electrical
STOP disturbances that may affect the performance of this instrument, do not use cables longer
than 9.8 feet (3 meters) when you make connections to the terminal strips on the rear
panel of the unit. In addition, ensure you always connect the shield of the cable to chassis
ground at one instrument only.
Caution: To protect against fire hazard, replace fuses with those of the same type and
rating.
Caution: To avoid the possibility of electrical shock, power off the 2487 Detector and
disconnect the power cord before you service the instrument.
Note: The Installation Category (Overvoltage Category) for this instrument is Level II. The
Level II category pertains to equipment that receives its electrical power from a local level,
such as an electrical wall outlet.
Symbols Used on Rear Panel of the 2487 Detector
Direct current
Alternating current
Protective conductor
terminal
Frame or chassis
terminal
Caution, risk of electrical
shock (high voltage)
Caution or refer to guide
Caution, hot surface or
high temperature
2487 Detector Information
Intended Use
You can use the Waters 2487 Dual λ Absorbance Detector for in-vitro diagnostic testing to
analyze many compounds, including diagnostic indicators and therapeutically monitored
compounds. When developing methods, follow the “Protocol for the Adoption of Analytical
Methods in the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory,” American Journal of Medical Technology,
44, 1, pages 30–37 (1978). This protocol covers good operating procedures and
techniques necessary to validate system and method performance.
Biological Hazard
When analyzing physiological fluids, take all necessary precautions and treat all
specimens as potentially infectious. Precautions are outlined in the “CDC Guidelines on
Specimen Handling,”
CDC–NIH Manual, 1984.
Calibration
Follow acceptable methods of calibration with pure standards to calibrate methods. Use a
minimum of five standards to generate the standard curve. Concentration range should
cover the entire range of quality control samples, typical specimens, and atypical
specimens.
Quality Control
Routinely run three quality-control samples and monitor them daily. Quality-control
samples should represent subnormal, normal, and above-normal levels of a compound.
Ensure that quality-control sample results are within an acceptable range, and evaluate
precision from day to day and run to run. Data collected when quality-control samples are
out of specification may not be valid. Do not report the data until you ensure that
chromatographic system performance is acceptable. Conduct a failure investigation to
determine the cause(s) for the out-of-specification results.
Table of Contents
How to Use This Guide..................................................................... 18
Chapter 1
2487 Detector Theory of Operation ................................................. 25
1.1 2487 Detector Description .................................................... 25
1.2 Principles of Operation.......................................................... 27
1.2.1 Waters 2487 Detector Optics..................................... 27
1.2.2 Wavelength Verification and Test............................... 29
1.2.3 Waters TaperSlit Flow Cell......................................... 30
1.2.4 Waters 2487 Dual λ Absorbance Detector
Electronics................................................................. 33
1.3 Operational Modes................................................................ 34
1.3.1 Single Wavelength Mode........................................... 34
1.3.2 Dual Wavelength Mode ............................................. 35
1.3.3 Spectrum Scanning ................................................... 37
1.3.4 Cuvette Operations.................................................... 37
1.3.5 RatioPlot.................................................................... 38
1.3.6 MaxPlot...................................................................... 38
Chapter 2
Installing the 2487 Detector ............................................................. 39
2.1 Introduction........................................................................... 39
2.2 Site Selection and Power Requirements .............................. 41
2.2.1 Site Selection............................................................. 41
2.2.2 Power Requirements................................................. 42
Table of Contents 6
2.3 Unpacking and Inspecting..................................................... 42
2.3.1 Unpacking.................................................................. 43
2.3.2 Inspecting .................................................................. 43
2.4 Making Fluidic Connections.................................................. 44
2.5 Making Electrical Power Connections................................... 47
2.6 Making Signal Connections .................................................. 49
2.6.1 Making I/O Signal Connections ................................. 50
2.6.2 Connecting the 2487 Detector to a 2690 Separations
Module in a Stand-Alone Configuration..................... 52
2.6.3 Making IEEE-488 Connections in Breeze and
Millennium³²............................................................... 58
2.7 Connecting to Other Devices................................................ 64
2.7.1 Connecting the 2487 Detector to the Millennium³²
System Using the busSAT/IN Module ....................... 65
2.7.2 Connecting the 2487 Detector to a 745/745B/746 Data
Module....................................................................... 68
2.7.3 Connecting the 2487 Detector to a Chart Recorder .. 71
2.7.4 Connecting the 2487 Detector to the Waters 600 Series
Pump......................................................................... 74
2.7.5 Connecting the 2487 Detector to the Waters 717plus
Autosampler .............................................................. 79
2.7.6 Connecting the 2487 Detector to a Fraction
Collector .................................................................... 81
Table of Contents 7
Chapter 3
Using the 2487 Detector .................................................................. 83
3.1 Starting Up the 2487 Detector .............................................. 83
3.1.1 Initializing the 2487 Detector ..................................... 83
3.1.2 Diagnostics Failure.................................................... 85
3.2 Using the Operator Interface................................................. 85
3.2.1 Using the Display....................................................... 85
3.2.2 Using the Keypad ...................................................... 88
3.2.3 Navigating the User Interface.................................... 93
3.2.4 Primary and Secondary Functions............................. 95
3.2.5 Operating the Trace and Scale Functions ............... 102
3.2.6 Operating Other Detector Functions........................ 104
3.3 Operating the 2487 Detector............................................... 109
3.3.1 Overview of Detector Operation .............................. 109
3.3.2 Verifying the Detector ...............................................110
3.3.3 Wavelength Calibration.............................................113
3.3.4 Operating the Detector in Single Wavelength
Mode ........................................................................114
3.3.5 Operating the Detector in Dual Wavelength
Mode ........................................................................115
3.3.6 Programming Timed Events, Threshold Events, and
Methods....................................................................118
3.4 Scanning Spectra................................................................ 126
3.4.1 Scanning New Spectra............................................ 130
3.4.2 Storing a Spectrum.................................................. 138
3.4.3 Getting Information About a Stored Spectrum......... 138
8 Table of Contents
3.4.4 Reviewing a Stored Spectrum................................. 139
3.4.5 Subtracting a Spectrum........................................... 139
3.4.6 Replaying a Spectrum ............................................. 140
3.4.7 Scanning Using the Cuvette.................................... 140
3.4.8 Scanning Using a Static Flow Cell........................... 144
3.4.9 Conserving Lamp Life.............................................. 144
3.4.10 Shutting Down the 2487 Detector.......................... 146
Chapter 4
Maintenance Procedures ............................................................... 148
4.1 Introduction......................................................................... 148
4.2 Routine Maintenance.......................................................... 150
4.3 Inspecting, Cleaning, and Replacing Parts of the Flow
Cell .................................................................................... 151
4.3.1 Flushing the Flow Cell ............................................. 151
4.3.2 Removing and Cleaning the Flow Cell..................... 152
4.3.3 Disassembling and Reassembling the Flow Cell..... 152
4.4 Replacing the Lamp............................................................ 160
4.4.1 Removing the Lamp................................................. 163
4.4.2 Installing the New Lamp .......................................... 165
4.4.3 Recording the New Lamp Serial Number................ 167
4.5 Replacing Fuses................................................................. 169
Chapter 5
Error Messages, Diagnostics, and Troubleshooting ...................... 172
5.1 Error Messages................................................................... 172
5.1.1 Startup Error Messages........................................... 172
5.1.2 Error Messages Preventing Operation .................... 175
Table of Contents 9
5.2 User-Selected Diagnostics.................................................. 179
5.2.1 Overview.................................................................. 179
5.2.2 Using the Diagnostics.............................................. 181
5.2.3 Service Diagnostics................................................. 189
5.3 Troubleshooting .................................................................. 189
5.3.1 Introduction.............................................................. 189
5.3.2 Hardware Troubleshooting ...................................... 190
Appendix A
2487 Detector Specifications.......................................................... 193
Appendix B
Spare Parts..................................................................................... 197
Appendix C
Warranty Information...................................................................... 199
C.1 Limited Express Warranty .................................................. 199
C.2 Shipments, Damages, Claims, and Returns ...................... 203
Appendix D
Solvent Considerations................................................................... 204
D.1 Introduction......................................................................... 204
D.2 Solvent Miscibility............................................................... 205
D.3 Buffered Solvents............................................................... 208
D.4 Head Height ....................................................................... 209
D.5 Solvent Viscosity ................................................................ 209
D.6 Mobile Phase Solvent Degassing....................................... 209
D.6.1 Gas Solubility.......................................................... 209
D.6.2 Solvent Degassing Methods ................................... 210
10 Table of Contents