Table Of ContentWaiting for Reform under Putin and Medvedev
Also by Lena Jonson
TAJIKISTAN IN THE NEW CENTRAL ASIA
VLADIMIR PUTIN AND CENTRAL ASIA: The Shaping of Russian Foreign
Policy
Also by Stephen White
UNDERSTANDING RUSSIAN POLITICS
RUSSIA’S AUTHORITARIAN ELECTIONS
Waiting for Reform under
Putin and Medvedev
Edited by
Lena Jonson
Head of the Russia Research Programme and Senior Research Fellow,
Swedish Institute of International Affairs, Sweden
and
Stephen White
James Bryce Professor of Politics, University of Glasgow, UK
Editorial matter, selection, introduction and conclusion © Lena Jonson and
Stephen White 2012
All remaining chapters © respective authors 2012
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-1-137-01119-0
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this
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in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2012 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-43641-5 ISBN 978-1-137-01120-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137011206
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12
Contents
List of Tables and Figures vii
General Editor’s Preface ix
Preface and Acknowledgements xi
Notes on Contributors xiii
1 I ntroduction 1
Lena Jonson and Stephen White
Part I The Challenge of Modernization in Russia
2 G lobalization and Discursive Resistance: Authoritarian
Power Structures in Russia and the Challenges of Modernity 1 9
Nicolas Hayoz
3 R ussian Modernization Doctrines under Debate 38
Mark Urnov
Part II Characteristics of the Russian System
4 T he Nature and Function of ‘Putinism’ 61
Lev Gudkov
5 T he Myth of the Russian ‘Unique Path’ and Public Opinion 81
Boris Dubin
6 S ocio-Cultural Factors and Russian Modernization 96
Emil Pain
Part III Piecemeal Reform under Putin and Medvedev
7 T he Policymaking Process in Putin’s Prime Ministership 119
Stephen Fortescue
8 B usiness Representation in the State Duma 140
Paul Chaisty
v
vi Contents
9 D e-bureaucratizing the Small Business Sector 1 59
Eugene Huskey
10 United Russia’s Political Recruitment in the Russian
Regions and ‘the Strengthening of the Power Vertical’:
The Case of Novgorod Region 170
Clementine Fauconnier
Part IV Challenges and Risks of Modernization
11 M odernization and the Russian Regions 1 93
Nikolai Petrov
12 Benefits and Risks of Political Modernization in Russia 2 13
Irina Busygina and Mikhail Filippov
Part V Reflections in Early 2012
13 M odernization and After 2 37
Stephen White and Lena Jonson
Index 251
Tables and Figures
Tables
5.1 Opinions on Russia’s international status 82
5.2 Opinions on Russia’s character and culture 84
5.3 Opinions on relations between Russia and the West 85
5.4 Opinions on where is best to live 92
8.1 Percentage of Duma newcomers from different
occupational backgrounds, First to Fifth Dumas 1 44
8.2 The mean percentage of Duma newcomers from different
sectors of the economy, First to Fifth Dumas 145
10.1 United Russia’s share of national and regional
representation in executive and legislative
branches, 2004–08 171
10.2 United Russia in regional assemblies, 2004–08 172
10.3 U nited Russia in local executive and legislative organs 1 72
10.4 R egional final list of candidates presented by
United Russia for the Duma elections 180
10.5 Numbers of candidates and elected deputies
supported by political parties in the municipal
Duma elections of 2004 and 2008 184
11.1 Major players in the Russian regions by their level of
connection with regional political elites and term in office 2 00
11.2 Degree of influence of the main status
positions within the regional elite 201
Figures
2.1 Marginalization of opposition inside and outside the
political system: ‘real’ vs ‘not real’ organizations 30
8.1 P ercentage of Duma newcomers with a business back-
ground, First to Fifth Dumas 142
8.2 The percentage of lobbying campaigns by policy area,
First to Fourth Dumas 146
11.1 The evolution of regional power pyramids, 2000–11 1 99
vii
viii List of Tables and Figures
11.2 Leading regions in terms of their modernization
potential 207
1 1.3 Leading regions in terms of technological m odernization 208
1 1.4 Leading regions in terms of modernization
in the broad sense 2 09
General Editor’s Preface
This is the third world congress organized by the International Council
for Central and East European Studies (ICCEES) that has the privilege
of seeing congress volumes published by Palgrave Macmillan. That this
is happening is an indication not only of the very fruitful relationship
that ICCEES has with Palgrave Macmillan, but also of the recognition
that the field of Central and East European Studies continues to enjoy
not only academic excellence, but also continued pertinence as an area
of study.
In their preface to earlier volumes from the 1995 Warsaw and the
2005 Berlin congresses, my two predecessors as general editor, Professor
Ronald Hill of Trinity College Dublin and Roger E. Kanet of the
University of Miami, outlined the historical conditions that not only
brought about the creation of ICCEES, but above all the importance
of publishing the research that is presented at ICCEES congresses. All
congresses (including the one in Tampere, Finland in 2000) studied
Central and Eastern Europe through the lens of various disciplines,
but also mirrored the changes that were taking place in the area since
Western scholars came together in Banff, Canada in 1974 to organize
the research they were engaged in but which lacked an organizational
structure that could coordinate their results and offer an opportunity
for debate and discussion. This is why the International Committee
for Soviet and East European Studies (ICSEES) was created; today it
is known as the International Council for Central and East European
Studies. The change in name reflected not only the mutations that the
area was undergoing, but also the field of study.
After 1989 the societies and states of Central and Eastern Europe
began experiencing major political, economic and social change. As
a result, no longer were Western scholars engaged in ‘Communist
Studies,’ rather they were focusing on an area that was undergoing
redefinition as a geopolitical region. Domestic politics were in flux and
interstate relations were experiencing a qualitative change that stressed
henceforth cooperation rather than confrontation. ICCEES understood
the need to give its congresses thematic direction. The 1990 ICCEES
World Congress in Harrogate, England celebrated the end of the Cold
War; the 1995 Warsaw congress focused on the democratic develop-
ment of the former ‘Communist states’; the 2000 congress, in Tampere,
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