Table Of ContentVOICE AND INVERSION
TYPOLOGICAL STUDIES IN LANGUAGE (TSL)
A companion series to the journal "STUDIES IN LANGUAGE"
Honorary Editor: Joseph H. Greenberg
General Editor: T. Givón
Editorial Board:
Wallace Chafe (Santa Barbara) Charles Li (Santa Barbara)
Bernard Comrie (Los Angeles) Johanna Nichols (Berkeley)
R.M.W. Dixon (Canberra) Andrew Pawley (Canberra)
Matthew Dryer (Buffalo) Doris Payne (Oregon)
John Haiman (St Paul) Frans Plank (Konstanz)
Kenneth Hale (Cambridge, Mass.) Jerrold Sadock (Chicago)
Bernd Heine (Köln) Gillian Sankoff (Philadelphia)
Paul Hopper (Pittsburgh) Dan Slobin (Berkeley)
Ronald Langacker (San Diego) Sandra Thompson (Santa Barbara)
Volumes in this series will be functionally and typologically oriented, cove
ring specific topics in language by collecting together data from a wide vari
ety of languages and language typologies. The orientation of the volumes
will be substantive rather than formal, with the aim of investigating univer
sals of human language via as broadly defined a data base as possible, lean
ing toward cross-linguistic, diachronic, developmental and live-discourse
data. The series is, in spirit as well as in fact, a continuation of the tradition
initiated by Li (Word Order and Word Order Change, Subject and Topic,
Mechanisms for Syntactic Change) and continued by T. Givón (Discourse
and Syntax) and P. Hopper (Tense-Aspect: Between Semantics and Pragma
tics).
Volume 28
T. Givón
VOICE AND INVERSION
VOICE
AND
INVERSION
Edited by
T. GIVÓN
University of Oregon
JOHN BENJAMINS PUBLISHING COMPANY
Amsterdam/Philadelphia
The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American
National Standard for Information Sciences — Permanence of Paper for Printed
Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48-1984.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Voice and inversion / [edited by] T. Givón.
p. cm. -- (Typological studies in language, ISSN 0167-7373; v. 28)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Grammar, Comparative and general--Voice. 2. Pragmatics. 3. Semantics. 4. Typology
(Linguistics) I. Givón, Talmy, 1936-. II. Series.
P281.V56 1994
415-dc20 94-14762
ISBN 90 272 2917 1 (hb.) / 90 272 2918 X (pb.) (European; alk. paper) CIP
ISBN 1-55619-420-X (hb.) / 1-55619-421-8 (pb.) (U.S.; alk. paper)
© Copyright 1994 - John Benjamins B.V.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any
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John Benjamins Publishing Co. · P.O. Box 75577 · 1070 AN Amsterdam · The Netherlands
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Table of contents
Abbreviations vii
I. Introduction
The pragmatics of de-transitive voice:
Functional and typological aspects of inversion
T. Givón 3
II. Morphological inverses
Passive and inverse constructions
Chad Thompson 47
The discourse function of the Kutenai inverse
Matthew S. Dryer 65
Direct, inverse and passive in Northwest Sahaptın
Noel Rude 101
The inverse in Squamish
Peter Jacobs 121
The de-transitive clauses in Bella Coola: Passive vs. Inverse
Linda B. Forrest 147
The pragmatics of de-transitive voice in Spanish:
From passive to inverse?
Raquel Hidalgo 169
Semantic and pragmatic inverse:
'Inverse alignment' and 'inverse voice' in Carib of Surinam
Spike Gildea 187
III. Word-order inverses
The pragmatics of Modern Greek voice:
Active, inverse and passive
Katy Roland 233
vi Table of Contents
The pragmatics of voice in Korean
Inhee Lee Kwak 261
Active, inverse and passive in Maasai
Doris Payne, Mitsuyo Hamaya and Peter Jacobs 283
The pragmatics of voice in a Philippine language:
Actor-focus and goal-focus in Cebuano narrative
Thomas E. Payne 317
Voice and ergativity in Karao
Sherri Brainard 365
Abbreviations
ABIL abilitative DEM02 demonstrative — far
ABL ablative from speaker and hearer
ABS absolute DERIV derivational prefix
ACC accusative DET determinator
ACT active DETRANS de-transitive
ADJ adjective (prefix) DIMIN diminutive
ADV adverb DIR directional, direct
AF actor-focus DL dual
AG =AGT DO direct object
AGR agreement DR durative
AGT agent DT de-transitive construction
ALL allative DU dual
ANIM animate ERG ergative
antipassive EVID evidential
APL applicative FEM feminine
ART article FOC focus
ASP aspect FOC:C prenominai focus marker
ASSOC associative used with common nouns
AUX auxiliary FOC:P prenominai focus marker
BEN benefactive used with proper names
common noun FUT future
CAUS causative GEN genitive
CF classifier GF goal-focus
CIS cis-locative GL goal
CL clitic HAB habitual
CLEFT cleft particle HON honorific
COMIT comitative IMM immediate
COMP complementizer IMP imperative
COMPL complement IMPERF imperfect
COP copula IMPERS impersonal
DAT dative IMPFV imperfective
DECL declarative INCL inclusive
DEF definite IND indicative
DEM demonstrative pronoun INDEF indefinite
DEMOl demonstrative — close INF infinitive
to speaker INSTR instrumental
viii Abbreviations
INT intensifier PRET preterite
INTERJ interjection PRO pronoun
INTR intransitive PROG progressive
INV inverse PROX proximate
IO indirect object PTCL particle
IRREAL irrealis PURP purposive
LK linker Q question
LOC locative QUOT quotative -
MASC masculine RD referential distance
NEG negative RECIP reciprocal
NF non finite REFL reflexive
NFACT non-focussed actor REL relative, relativizer
NFOC:C no-focussed REM remote
NMLZR nominalizer RL realis
NOM nominative SAP speech-act participant
NOMI nominalization SEQ sequential
NONREF non-referential SG singular
NP noun phrase SPEC specifier
OB oblique STAT stative
OBJ object SUB subordinating particle
OBL oblique SUB.CONJ subordinating conjunction
OBV obviate, obviative SUBJ subject
OM object marker SUBOR subordinate
optative SUPPOS suppositional
proper name THM theme, thematic
PART participle TNS tense
PASS passive TOP topic
PAST past TP topic persistence
PAT patient TRANS transitive
PERF perfect TRL translocative
PERFECT perfect aspect V verb
PFV perfective aspect 1 = 1st person
PL plural 2 = 2nd person
POSS possessive (pronoun) 3 = 3rd person
PPP passive perfect particle 1>2 pronoun that indicates 1st person
PRED predicate A and 2nd person P
PREP preposition II = verb class two
PRES present
I. INTRODUCTION
