Vitamin C: Current Concepts in Human Physiology

150 Pages·2018·7.33 MB·English

by  Anitra C. Carr

antioxidants
Vitamin C
Current Concepts in Human
Physiology
Edited by
Ramesh Natarajan and Anitra C. Carr
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Antioxidants
www.mdpi.com/journal/antioxidants
Vitamin C: Current Concepts in
Human Physiology

Vitamin C: Current Concepts in
Human Physiology
SpecialIssueEditors
RameshNatarajan
AnitraC.Carr
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade
Special Issue Editors
Ramesh Natarajan Anitra C. Carr
Virginia Commonwealth University University of Otago
USA New Zealand
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access
journal Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921) from 2017 to 2018 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/
journal/antioxidants/specialissues/vitaminC)
Forcitationpurposes,citeeacharticleindependentlyasindicatedonthearticlepageonlineandas
indicatedbelow:
LastName,A.A.; LastName,B.B.; LastName,C.C.ArticleTitle. JournalNameYear,ArticleNumber,
PageRange.
ISBN978-3-03897-294-5(Pbk)
ISBN978-3-03897-295-2(PDF)
ArticlesinthisvolumeareOpenAccessanddistributedundertheCreativeCommonsAttribution
(CCBY)license,whichallowsuserstodownload,copyandbuilduponpublishedarticlesevenfor
commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures
maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is
(cid:2)c 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative
CommonslicenseCCBY-NC-ND(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Contents
AbouttheSpecialIssueEditors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Prefaceto”VitaminC:CurrentConceptsinHumanPhysiology”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
GinaNauman,JavaughnCoreyGray,RoseParkinson,MarkLevineandChanningJ.Paller
SystematicReviewofIntravenousAscorbateinCancerClinicalTrials
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2018,7,89,doi:10.3390/antiox7070089 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
MikeN.Foster,AnitraC.Carr,AlinaAntony,SelenePengandMikeG.Fitzpatrick
Intravenous Vitamin C Administration Improved Blood Cell Counts and Health-Related
QualityofLifeofPatientwithHistoryofRelapsedAcuteMyeloidLeukaemia
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2018,7,92,doi:10.3390/antiox7070092 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
NicolaBaillie,AnitraC.CarrandSelenePeng
The Use of Intravenous Vitamin C as a Supportive Therapy for a Patient with
GlioblastomaMultiforme
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2018,7,115,doi:10.3390/antiox7090115 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
MariaLeticiaCastro,GeorgiaM.Carson,MelanieJ.McConnellandPatriesM.Herst
HighDoseAscorbateCausesBothGenotoxicandMetabolicStressinGliomaCells
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2017,6,58,doi:10.3390/antiox6030058 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
MelissaPrier,AnitraC.CarrandNicolaBaillie
NoReportedRenalStoneswithIntravenousVitaminCAdministration: AProspectiveCase
SeriesStudy
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2018,7,68,doi:10.3390/antiox7050068 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
AnitraC.Carr
Symposium on Vitamin C, 15th September 2017; Part of the Linus Pauling Institute’s 9th
InternationalConferenceonDietandOptimumHealth
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2017,6,94,doi:10.3390/antiox6040094 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
KarelTyml
VitaminCandMicrovascularDysfunctioninSystemicInflammation
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2017,6,49,doi:10.3390/antiox6030049 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Gwendolyn N.Y. van Gorkom, Roel G.J. Klein Wolterink, Catharina H.M.J. Van Elssen,
LotteWieten,WilfredT.V.GermeraadandGerardM.J.Bos
InfluenceofVitaminConLymphocytes:AnOverview
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2018,7,41,doi:10.3390/antiox7030041 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Kimberly Sanford, Bernard J. Fisher, Evan Fowler, Alpha A. Fowler III and
RameshNatarajan
AttenuationofRedBloodCellStorageLesionswithVitaminC
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2017,6,55,doi:10.3390/antiox6030055 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
JulietM.Pullar,SimoneBayerandAnitraC.Carr
Appropriate Handling, Processing and Analysis of Blood Samples Is Essential to Avoid
OxidationofVitaminCtoDehydroascorbicAcid
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2018,7,29,doi:10.3390/antiox7020029 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
v
JulietM.Pullar,AnitraC.Carr,StephanieM.BozonetandMargreetC.M.Vissers
HighVitaminCStatusIsAssociatedwithElevatedMoodinMaleTertiaryStudents
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2018,7,91,doi:10.3390/antiox7070091 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Stine Normann Hansen, Anne Marie V. Schou-Pedersen, Jens Lykkesfeldt and
PernilleTveden-Nyborg
SpatialMemoryDysfunctionInducedbyVitaminCDeficiencyIsAssociatedwithChangesin
MonoaminergicNeurotransmittersandAberrantSynapseFormation
Reprintedfrom:Antioxidants2018,7,82,doi:10.3390/antiox7070082 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
vi
About the Special Issue Editors
Ramesh Natarajan, PhD, was Professor of Medicine at Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond,VA,USA.Dr. Natarajan’sresearchfocusedonpulmonary/criticalcaremedicineandin
particular on sepsis, thrombosis and hemostasis, trauma, hemorrhagic shock, resuscitation, brain
injury, and vitamin C. He conceived the notion of treating sepsis with parenteral vitamin C and
designedanimalmodelsofsepsistotesthishypothesis. HesubsequentlyparticipatedinaPhase
IandPhaseIIstudyofintravenousvitaminCinsepsis.Hehaspublished69manuscripts,4textbook
chapters,hasgivenover130presentations,andhaspublished140abstracts. Heservesonseveral
EditorialBoards,asanadhocreviewerforjournalsandstudysectionsforNIH,CDMRP,andVA.He
iscurrentlyworkingonCombatTraumaResearch.
AnitraC.Carr, AssociateProfessor, isaSirCharlesHercusHealthResearchFellowandPrincipal
InvestigatorattheUniversityofOtago,Christchurch,NewZealand.DrCarrisparticularlyinterested
in the role of micronutrients in human health and disease and has spent much of her research
careerinvestigatingtheantioxidantandhealtheffectsofvitaminC.In1998–2001, shecarriedout
anAmericanHeartAssociationPostdoctoralFellowshipattheLinusPaulingInstitute,OregonState
University,Corvallis,USA,underthementorshipofeminentvitaminCresearcher,Prof. BalzFrei.
Whilst there, she produced a number of high impact publications on vitamin C in human health
anddisease. Recently,DrCarrhasbeencarryingouthumaninterventionstudiesinvestigatingthe
bioavailabilityandhealtheffectsofbothoralandintravenousvitaminC,particularlyitsrolesinacute
andchronicdiseases,suchascancerandinfection,subjectivemood,andqualityoflife.
vii

Preface to ”Vitamin C: Current Concepts in Human
Physiology”
VitaminCissynthesizedbyalmostallanimals. However,forhumans,itisavitaminthatneeds
constant replenishment in the diet. While its role as an anti-oxidant and for preventing scurvy
have been known for a long time, novel functions and unrecognized associations continue to be
identified for this enigmatic molecule. In the past decade, new details have emerged regarding
differences in its uptake by oral and intravenous modes. While vitamin C deficiency remains
largelyunknownandpoorlyaddressedinmanysegmentsofthepopulation,novelpharmacological
rolesforhigh-dose, intravenousvitaminCinmanydiseasestateshavenowbeenpostulated and
investigated.Thishasshifteditsroleinhealthanddiseasefromthelong-perceivednotionasmerely
avitaminandananti-oxidanttoapleiotropicmoleculewithabroadanti-inflammatory,epigenetic,
andanti-cancerprofile.
ThisSpecialIssuecomprisesoriginalresearchpapersandreviewsonvitaminCmetabolismand
functionthatrelatetothefollowingtopics:understandingitsroleinthemodulationofinflammation
andimmunity,therapeuticapplicationsandsafetyofpharmacologicalascorbateindisease,andthe
emergingroleofvitaminCasapleiotropicmodulatorofcriticalcareillnessandcancer.
RameshNatarajan,AnitraC.Carr
SpecialIssueEditors
ix