Valve Selection Handbook, Fifth Edition: Engineering Fundamentals for Selecting the Right Valve Design for Every Industrial Flow Application

414 Pages·2004·10.102 MB·English

by  Zappe, R. W., Smith, Peter

V A L V E
S E L E C T I O N
H A N D B O O K
FIFTH EDITION

V A L V E
S E L E C T I O N
H A N D B O O K
F I F T H E D I T I O N
Engineering fundamentals for selecting the right
valvedesignforeveryindustrialflowapplication
By
P E T E R S M I T H
(Editor and Contributor)
and
R. W. Z A P P E
AMSTERDAM•BOSTON(cid:127)LONDON(cid:127)NEWYORK(cid:127)OXFORD(cid:127)PARIS
SANDIEGO(cid:127)SANFRANCISCO(cid:127)SINGAPORE(cid:127)SYDNEY(cid:127)TOKYO
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CONTENTS
Preface, xii
1 Introduction.............................................. 1
Fundamentals,2.ManualValves,2.CheckValves,2.Pressure
ReliefValves,3.RuptureDiscs,4.UnitsofMeasurement,4.
IdentificationofValveSizeandPressureClass,4.
Standards,4.AdditionalChapters,5.
2 Fundamentals............................................ 7
FluidTightnessofValves, 7
ValveSeals,7.LeakageCriterion,8.ProvingFluid
Tightness,8.
SealingMechanism, 10
SealabilityAgainstLiquids,10.SealabilityAgainstGases,12.
MechanismforClosingLeakagePassages,12.
ValveSeatings, 13
MetalSeatings,13.SealingwithSealants,15.SoftSeatings,15.
Gaskets, 16
FlatMetallicGaskets,16.GasketsofExfoliatedGraphite,18.
SpiralWoundGaskets,19.GasketBlowout,20.
ValveStemSeals, 21
CompressionPackings,21.Lip-TypePackings,26.
Squeeze-TypePackings,26.ThrustPackings,27.
DiaphragmValveStemSeals,27.
v
vi Contents
FlowThroughValves, 28
ResistanceCoefficientζ,29.FlowCoefficientC ,33.
v
FlowCoefficientK ,34.FlowCoefficientA ,35.
v v
InterrelationshipsBetweenResistanceandFlowCoefficients,36.
RelationshipBetweenResistanceCoefficientandValveOpening
Position,37.CavitationofValves,38.Waterhammerfrom
ValveOperation,40.AttenuationofValveNoise,44.
3 ManualValves............................................ 47
FunctionsofManualValves, 47
GroupingofValvesByMethodofFlowRegulation, 47
SelectionofValves, 48
ValvesforStoppingandStartingFlow,48.Valvesfor
ControllingFlowRate,48.ValvesforDivertingFlow,49.
ValvesforFluidswithSolidsinSuspension,50.ValveEnd
Connections,50.StandardsPertainingtoValveEnds,51.
ValveRatings,51.ValveSelectionChart,52.
GlobeValves, 54
ValveBodyPatterns,54.ValveSeatings,61.
ConnectionofDisctoStem,64.InsideandOutsideStemScrew,64.
BonnetJoints,65.StuffingBoxesandBackSeating,66.
DirectionofFlowThroughGlobeValves,68.
StandardsPertainingtoGlobeValves,69.Applications,69.
PistonValves, 69
Construction,72.Applications,73.
ParallelGateValves, 73
ConventionalParallelGateValves,76.ConduitGate
Valves,79.ValveBypass,82.Pressure-Equalizing
Connection,82.StandardsPertainingtoParallelGateValves,83.
Applications,83.
WedgeGateValves, 84
VariationsofWedgeDesign,87.ConnectionofWedgetoStem,92.
WedgeGuideDesign,93.ValveBypass,94.Pressure-Equalizing
Connection,94.CaseStudyofWedgeGateValveFailure,94.
StandardsPertainingtoWedgeGateValves,96.
Applications,96.
Contents vii
PlugValves, 97
CylindricalPlugValves,98.TaperPlugValves,101.
AntistaticDevice,104.PlugValvesforFireExposure,105.
MultiportConfiguration,106.Face-to-FaceDimensionsandValve
Patterns,107.StandardsPertainingtoPlugValves,107.
Applications,108.
BallValves, 108
SeatMaterialsforBallValves,109.SeatingDesigns,109.
Pressure-EqualizingConnection,114.AntistaticDevice,115.
BallValvesforFireExposure,115.MultiportConfiguration,117.
BallValvesforCryogenicService,117.VariationsofBody
Construction,117.Face-to-FaceDimensions,119.
StandardsPertainingtoBallValves,119.
Applications,119.
ButterflyValves, 120
SeatingDesigns,121.ButterflyValvesforFireExposure,133.
BodyConfigurations,133.TorqueCharacteristicofButterfly
Valves,134.StandardsPertainingtoButterflyValves,136.
Applications,137.
PinchValves, 137
OpenandEnclosedPinchValves,139.FlowControlwith
MechanicallyPinchedValves,140.FlowControlwith
Fluid-PressureOperatedPinchValves,140.ValveBody,141.
Limitations,142.StandardsPertainingtoPinchValves,142.
Applications,143.
DiaphragmValves, 143
Weir-TypeDiaphragmValves,144.Straight-Through
DiaphragmValves,145.ConstructionMaterials,146.
ValvePressure/TemperatureRelationships,147.ValveFlow
Characteristics,147.OperationalLimitations,149.Standards
PertainingtoDiaphragmValves,149.
Applications,149.
StainlessSteelValves, 149
Corrosion-ResistantAlloys,149.CreviceCorrosion,150.
GallingofValveParts,150.Light-WeightValve
Constructions,151.StandardsPertainingtoStainlessSteel
Valves,151.
viii Contents
4 CheckValves ............................................. 153
FunctionofCheckValves, 153
GroupingofCheckValves,154.OperationofCheck
Valves,158.AssessmentofCheckValvesforFastClosing,161.
ApplicationofMathematicstotheOperationof
CheckValves,162.
DesignofCheckValves, 162
LiftCheckValves,162.SwingCheckValves,164.
Tilting-DiscCheckValves,165.DiaphragmCheckValves,165.
Dashpots,167.
SelectionofCheckValves, 167
CheckValvesforIncompressibleFluids,168.CheckValves
forCompressibleFluids,168.StandardsPertainingtoCheck
Valves,168.
5 PressureReliefValves.................................... 169
PrincipalTypesofPressureReliefValves, 169
Terminology, 171
PressureReliefValves,171.DimensionalCharacteristics,173.
SystemCharacteristics,173.DeviceCharacteristics,174.
Direct-LoadedPressureReliefValves, 176
Review,176.SafetyValves,178.SafetyReliefValves,182.
LiquidReliefValves,187.VacuumReliefValves,190.
Direct-Loaded Pressure ReliefValves withAuxiliaryActuator, 191.
Oscillation Dampers, 197. Certification of Valve Performance, 201.
Force/LiftDiagramsasanAidforPredictingtheOperational
BehaviorofSpring-LoadedPressureReliefValves,202.
SecondaryBackPressurefromFlow-ThroughValveBody,209.
VerificationofOperatingDataofSpring-LoadedPressure
ReliefValvesPriortoandAfterInstallation,211.
Pilot-OperatedPressureReliefValves, 213
Pilot-OperatedPressureReliefValveswithDirect-ActingPilot,214.
StableOperationofValveswithOn/OffPilots,219.
Pilot-OperatedPressureReliefValveswithIndirect-Acting
Pilot,222.
Contents ix
6 RuptureDiscs ............................................ 227
Terminology,228.ApplicationofRuptureDiscs,230.
LimitationsofRuptureDiscsinLiquidSystems,231.
ConstructionMaterialsofRuptureDiscs,232.Temperatureand
BurstPressureRelationships,233.HeatShields,233.
RuptureDiscApplicationParameters,235.
MetalRuptureDiscs, 236
Tension-LoadedTypes,236.Compression-LoadedTypes,243.
GraphiteRuptureDiscs,251.RuptureDiscHolders,255.
Clean-SweepAssembly,257.Quick-ChangeHousings,257.
Accessories,257.DoubleDiscAssemblies,259.Selecting
RuptureDiscs,261.RuptureDiscDeviceinCombinationwith
PressureReliefValve,262.ReorderingRuptureDiscs,264.
User’sResponsibility,264.ExplosionVenting,265.
7 SizingPressureReliefDevices............................ 269
SizingofPressureReliefValves,Gas,Vapor,Steam, 272
SizingEquationsforGasandVaporOtherThanSteam,273.
SizingEquationsforDrySaturatedSteam,275.Sizing
EquationsforLiquidFlow,280.K =CapacityCorrection
w
FactorDuetoBackPressure,282.K =CapacityCorrection
V
FactorDuetoViscosity,282.InfluenceofInletPressureLosson
ValveDischargeCapacity,284.
SizingofInletPipingtoPressureReliefValves, 284
SizingofDischargePipingofPressureReliefValves, 286
SizingofRuptureDiscs,288.RuptureDiscSizingfor
NonviolentPressureExcursions,288.SizingEquationsforGasor
VaporOtherthanSteam,289.SizingEquationsforLiquidFlow,291.
RuptureDiscSizingforViolentPressureExcursionsinLow-Strength
Containers,291.
8 Actuators................................................. 293
Introduction, 293
TypesofActuators, 294
ValveOperatingForces, 295
◦
LinearValves,295.Part-TurnValves—90 ,296.
Conclusion,296.