Uveitis: A Practical Guide to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraocular Inflammation

354 Pages·2017·6.6 MB·English

by  George N. Papaliodis (eds.)

George N. Papaliodis
Editor
Uveitis
A Practical Guide to
the Diagnosis and
Treatment of Intraocular
Inflammation
123
Uveitis
George N. Papaliodis
Editor
Uveitis
A Practical Guide to the Diagnosis
and Treatment of Intraocular
Inflammation
123
Editor
George N.Papaliodis,MD
Director ofthe Ocular Immunology
andUveitis Science
Massachusetts Eyeand EarInfirmary,
HarvardMedical School
Boston, MA
USA
ISBN978-3-319-09125-9 ISBN978-3-319-09126-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-09126-6
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016952816
©SpringerInternationalPublishingAG2017
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I dedicate this book to my daughter Alexandra Papaliodis.
I never knew how much I could love anything until I held you in
my arms. You are the reason for my existence…
Acknowledgements
When Springer Publishing approached me about writing a textbook on
uveitis, I envisioned this to be a collaborative endeavor involving many of
my colleagues and those with an interest in this field. I am deeply indebted
to each of my contributing authors who devoted so much time and effort to
make this book a success. I am similarly appreciative of Jessica Gonzalez,
Kevin Wright, and Rebekah Amos from Springer who assisted in every
phase of production of this book. Thank you for your support and patience.
On a personal note, I am rarely granted such a public forum to thank the
people who have supported me in my career and personal life. I thank
Dr. C. Stephen Foster, my former mentor at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear
Infirmary (MEEI), for introducing me to this incredible realm and allowing
me to recognize that I could practice both ophthalmology and internal
medicine.IalsothankmydepartmentchairDr.JoanW.Millerwhoentrusted
measthedirectoroftheHarvardMedicalSchool/MEEIOcularImmunology
and Uveitis Service in 2005. Dr. Miller embodies every professional and
personal characteristic I associate with success and I am honored to call her
my friend.
I am blessed that my parents, Nick and Georgia Papaliodis, encouraged
their three sons to never settle for anything less than the best (a common
mantra around the Papaliodis household). The ingredients for producing
successful children (per my parents) are: unwavering support, infinite love,
and great Greek food. My brothers, Louis Papaliodis and Dean Papaliodis,
are my best friends, business associates, and constant confidants. No task or
challengeistooformidabletoovercomewiththosetwobymyside.Mywife,
Sofia Lingos-Papaliodis, has supported and loved me while tolerating my
insanely busy schedule between two academic institutions (and writing this
textbook)allwhilejugglingthemanagementherownlawfirm,teaching,and
raising our rambunctious little toddler. There are no words to adequately
describe how fortunate I am to have Sofia as my partner in everything.
vii
Contents
Part I General Principles
1 Introduction.. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 3
George N. Papaliodis
2 Approach to the Laboratory, Imaging, and Molecular
Work-up for Uveitis .... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 9
Bradley A. Hansen and Sarkis H. Soukiasian
Part II Causes-Infectious Uveitis
3 Bartonella.... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 37
Humzah Nasir and George N. Papaliodis
4 Candida . .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 41
Sonam Dilwali and George N. Papaliodis
5 CMV Retinitis .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 45
Avni Patel and Lucy Young
6 Herpes Simplex and Herpes Zoster .... .... .... ..... .... 53
Thomas Flynn and Jessica Ackert
7 Human Immunodeficiency Virus .. .... .... .... ..... .... 63
Nathan Scott
8 Measles.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 67
Milka C. Nova
9 Pneumocystis Jiroveci... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 71
George N. Papaliodis
10 Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome . .... ..... .... 73
Lindsay Grotting
11 Rubella.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 81
George N. Papaliodis
12 Syphilis.. .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 85
Miriam B. Barshak and Marlene L. Durand
13 Ocular Toxocariasis..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 89
Sonia Utley and George N. Papaliodis
ix
x Contents
14 Ocular Toxoplasmosis... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 93
Jay Wang, Eleni Konstantinou and Demetrios G. Vavvas
15 Tuberculosis.. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 107
Soumyava Basu and Narsing A. Rao
16 Whipple’s Disease . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 117
George N. Papaliodis
Part III Causes-Inflammatory Uveitis
17 Adamantiades-Behçet’s Disease ... .... .... .... ..... .... 121
Alice Lorch and Lucia Sobrin
18 Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment
Epitheliopathy/Serpiginous Choroiditis . .... .... ..... .... 129
Stephanie M. Llop
19 Ankylosing Spondylitis .. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 135
Mark Dacey
20 Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy .... .... .... .... ..... .... 143
Eduardo Uchiyama
21 Cogan Syndrome.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 149
Victoria Chang
22 Fuchs Heterochromic Iridocyclitis . .... .... .... ..... .... 165
Parvathy Pillai
23 HLA-B27 .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 171
Erik Letko
24 Inflammatory Bowel Disease.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 177
Durga S. Borkar and Nicholas J. Butler
25 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 183
Ann-Marie Lobo
26 Lens Induced. .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 189
George N. Papaliodis
27 Masquerade Syndromes . .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 191
Emmett T. Cunningham Jr, Carol L. Shields
and Jerry A. Shields
28 Medication Induced..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 207
George N. Papaliodis
29 Multiple Sclerosis.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 211
Olga Rosenvald and Dean M. Cestari
30 Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome .. .... ..... .... 217
George N. Papaliodis
31 Punctate Inner Choroidopathy.... .... .... .... ..... .... 219
George N. Papaliodis
Contents xi
32 Psoriasis Associated..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 221
Rebecca Hunter
33 Reactive Arthritis/Uveitis Syndrome ... .... .... ..... .... 231
George N. Papaliodis
34 Relapsing Polychondritis. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 235
Jose Daniel Diaz
35 Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis .. .... .... .... .... ..... .... 239
Evangelia Papavasileiou, Katarzyna Brodowska
and George N. Papaliodis
36 Sarcoidosis... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 243
Kathryn L. Pepple and Russell N. Van Gelder
37 Sympathetic Ophthalmia. .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 255
Anna Marmalidou and Chukwuemeka Nwanze
38 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ... .... .... .... ..... .... 263
Khayyam Durrani
39 Giant Cell Arteritis ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 271
Jing Zhang
40 Post-traumatic Uveitis and Post-operative Inflammation .... 275
Scott M. Barb
41 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome. .... .... .... ..... .... 285
John B. Miller
42 Uveitis in Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)..... .... 291
Safa Rahmani
Part IV Treatment
43 Topical Therapies . ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 297
George N. Papaliodis
44 Medical Therapy.. ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 301
Sergio Schwartzman
45 Surgical Therapy: Retisert Implant.... .... .... ..... .... 317
Cynthia X. Qian and Dean Eliott
46 Surgical Therapy: Dexamethasone Biodegradable
Intravitreal Implant (Ozurdex®)... .... .... .... ..... .... 329
Robert Wang
Part V Complications
47 Cataracts .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 337
George N. Papaliodis
xii Contents
48 Macular Edema... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 343
Cynthia X. Qian and Lucia Sobrin
49 Management of Glaucoma ... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 355
Louis R. Pasquale
Index ... .... .... .... ..... .... .... .... .... .... ..... .... 361