Untitled - Andrew S. Erickson

208 Pages·2013·5.83 MB·English

No Substitute for Experience
Chinese Antipiracy Operations in the Gulf of Aden
Andrew S. Erickson and
Austin M. Strange
CHINA MARITIME STUDIES INSTITUTE
U.S. NAVAL WAR COLLEGE
Newport, Rhode Island
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China Maritime Study No. 10 interest to policy makers, scholars, and analysts.
November 2013
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Contents
Authors’ Note ........................................................................................................................vii
Introduction: Why Antipiracy in the Gulf of Aden? ..............................................................1
CHAPTER ONE Modern Piracy and Its Relevance to China. ...........................9
CHAPTER TWO Institutional Underpinnings: Domestic Political and
Policy Issues ...................................................................45
CHAPTER THREE China’s Views on Multilateral Coordination .........................57
CHAPTER FOUR China’s Recent Antipiracy Activities in the Gulf of Aden
and Indian Ocean.........................................................................81
CHAPTER FIVE Operational Trajectories ............................................................121
CHAPTER SIX Lessons Learned and Implications for Global
Maritime Governance ....................................................167
Conclusion: No Substitute for Experience..........................................................................187
Appendix: Notional PLAN Order of Battle by Fleet ..........................................................190
Abbreviations and Definitions ............................................................................192
About the Authors ...........................................................................................195

Authors’ Note
This eighteen-month study is based on a comprehensive survey of more than two thou-
sand discrete Chinese-language sources published over the past five years. It also draws
on discussions with Chinese experts in China and the United States, including one
former People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) official and one PLAN officer. The most
important of these sources are cited herein. Sources that were examined systematically
include the official PLAN publications 人民海军 (People’s Navy), 当代海军 (Modern
Navy), 海军医学杂志 (Journal of Navy Medicine), and 中华航海医学与高气压医学杂
志 (China Journal of Nautical Medicine and Hyperbaric Medicine); the official PLA pub-
lication 解放军报 (Liberation Army Daily); and such official state media sources as 中国
日报 (China Daily), 人民日报 (People’s Daily), and 中央电视台 (China Central Televi-
sion/CCTV)—particularly the program “军事报道” (“Military Report”) on China’s
official military channel, CCTV-7. In selected instances, particularly cases in which
translations are especially substantive, lengthy, or have required significant adjudication
between literal rendering of Chinese and expressions that would be most intelligible to
an English-speaking audience, the original Chinese is appended in an endnote. Every
effort has been made to communicate to an English-reading audience in nuanced fash-
ion what Chinese sources themselves are expressing, even when English readers might
differ conceptually or substantively. Where possible, such potential ambiguity is noted in
endnotes. The one major exception is the widespread description by Chinese sources of
ships seized by pirates as having been “hijacked”; from an international legal perspective,
“pirated” would be the correct term.
The authors thank Bernard Cole, Gabriel Collins, Peter Dutton, Glen Forbes, William
Murray, two anonymous reviewers, and one operational specialist for their insightful
comments concerning previous drafts of this study, as well as military operators from
multiple nations for sharing their insights. The views expressed herein are those of
the authors alone and not those of the U.S. Navy or any other agency of the U.S.
government.
All photographs obtained with permission from China Defense Forum.
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SOUTH AFRICADurban4–8 April 2011, Friendly Visit SRI LANKAColombo5–7 January 2010, Friendly Visit and Replenish/Overhaul7–12 December 2010, Friendly Visit TANZANIADar es Salaam26–30 March 2011, Joint Drills and Friendly Visit THAILANDSattahip16–21 August 2011, Joint Drills and Friendly Visit21–25 April 2012, Friendly Visit TURKEYInstanbul5–8 August 2012, Friendly Visit UKRAINESevastopol31 July–3 August 2012, Friendly Visit UNITED ARAB EMIRATESAbu Dhabi24–28 March 2010, Friendly Visit VIETNAMHo Chi Minh City13 January 2013, Friendly Visit YEMENAden21 February 2009, Replenish/Overhaul25 April 2009, Replenish/Overhaul23 July 2009, Replenish/Overhaul28 September 2009, Replenish/Overhaul5 February 2010, Replenish/Overhaul16 May 2010, Replenish/Overhaul26 July 2010, Replenish/Overhaul1 October 2010, Replenish/Overhaul
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
7–10 November 2011, Replenish/Overhaul21–24 February 2012, Replenish/Overhaul1–3 July 2012, Replenish/Overhaul 9 July 2012, Replenish/Overhaul28–29 March 2013, Replenish/Overhaul 18PAKISTANKarachi5–8 August 2009, Joint Drills and Friendly Visit7–13 March 2010, Joint Drills and Friendly Visit13 March 2011, Joint Drills8 September 2012, Replenish/Overhaul 19PHILIPPINESManila13–17 April 2010, Friendly Visit PORTUGALLisbon15–19 April 2013, Friendly Visit 20QATARDoha2–7 August 2011, Friendly Visit 21ROMANIAConstantsa31 July–3 August 2012, Friendly Visit 22SAUDI ARABIAJeddah27–31 November 2010, Friendly Visit3 September 2011, Replenish/Overhaul17 June 2012, Replenish/Overhaul1–6 January 2013, Replenish/Overhaul 23SEYCHELLESVictoria14 April 2011, Friendly Visit 24SINGAPOREChangi5–7 September 2010, Replenish/Overhaul and Joint Drills18–20 December 2011, Replenish/Overhaul and Friendly Visit Military Online, Liberation Army Dailyand .
INDIACochin8 August 2009, Friendly Visit ISRAELHaifa13–17 August 2012, Friendly Visit ITALYTaranto2–7 August 2010, Joint Drills and Friendly Visit KUWAITShuwaikh27 November–1 December 2011, Friendly Visit MALAYSIAPort Kelang6 December 2009, Friendly Visit MALTA26–30 March 2013, Friendly Visit MOROCCOCasablanca9–13 April 2013, Friendly Visit MOZAMBIQUEMaputo29 March–2 April 2012, Friendly Visit OMANMuscat1–8 December 2011, Friendly VisitSalalah21 June–1 July 2009, Replenish/Overhaul14 August 2009, Replenish/Overhaul2 January 2010, Replenish/Overhaul1 April 2010, Replenish/Overhaul8 June 2010, Replenish/Overhaul10 August 2010, Replenish/Overhaul19 January 2011, Replenish/Overhaul 28 January 2011, Replenish/Overhaul10 April 2011, Replenish/Overhaul23 June 2011, Replenish/Overhaul8–11 August 2011, Replenish/Overhaul , People’s Daily, China ources, primarily Xinhua
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 dia s
ALGERIAAlgiers (off map)2–5 April 2013, Friendly Visit AUSTRALIASydney18–22 December 2012, Friendly Visit BAHRAINManama9–13 December 2010, Friendly Visit BULGARIAVarna5–10 August 2012, Friendly Visit BURMA/MYANMARRangoon29 August–2 September 2010, Friendly Visit DJIBOUTIDjibouti 24 January 2010, Replenish/Overhaul3 May 2010, Replenish/Overhaul13 September 2010, Replenish/Overhaul22 September 2010, Replenish/Overhaul24 December 2010, Replenish/Overhaul21 February 2011, Replenish/Overhaul5 October 2011, Replenish/Overhaul24–29 March 2012, Replenish/Overhaul14 May 2012, Replenish/Overhaul13–18 August 2012, Replenish/Overhaul 1–6 December 2012, Replenish/Overhaul EGYPTAlexandria26–30 July 2010, Friendly Visit FRANCEToulon (off map)23–27 April 2013, Friendly Visit GREECECrete7 March 2011, Replenish/OverhaulPiraeus9–13 August 2010, Friendly Visit Source: This table draws on official Chinese me
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