Ultrasound Elastography

146 Pages·2019·3.297 MB·English

by  Christoph F. Dietrich (editor)

applied sciences
Ultrasound
Elastography
Edited by
Christoph F. Dietrich
Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Applied Sciences
www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci
Ultrasound Elastography

Ultrasound Elastography
SpecialIssueEditor
ChristophF.Dietrich
MDPI•Basel•Beijing•Wuhan•Barcelona•Belgrade
SpecialIssueEditor
ChristophF.Dietrich
CaritasKrankenhausBadMergentheim
Germany
EditorialOffice
MDPI
St.Alban-Anlage66
4052Basel,Switzerland
This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal
AppliedSciences(ISSN2076-3417)from2017to2018(availableat: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/
applsci/specialissues/UltrasoundElastography).
Forcitationpurposes,citeeacharticleindependentlyasindicatedonthearticlepageonlineandas
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Contents
AbouttheSpecialIssueEditor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
ChristophF.DietrichandJeffreyC.Bamber
EditorialontheSpecialIssueofAppliedSciencesontheTopicofElastography
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2018,8,1232,doi:10.3390/app8081232 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Faisal N. Baig, Shirley Y. W. Liu, Hoi-Chun Lam, Shea-Ping Yip, Helen K. W. Law and
MichaelYing
ShearWaveElastographyCombiningwithConventionalGreyScaleUltrasoundImprovesthe
DiagnosticAccuracyinDifferentiatingBenignandMalignantThyroidNodules
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2017,7,1103,doi:10.3390/app7111103 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Cheng-HanLee,Yung-LiangWan,Tse-HwaHsu,Shiu-FengHuang,Ming-ChinYu,
Wei-ChenLee,Po-HsiangTsui,Yi-ChengChen,Chun-YenLinandDar-InTai
InterpretationUSElastographyinChronicHepatitisBwithorwithoutAnti-HBVTherapy
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2017,7,1164,doi:10.3390/app7111164 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
MariuszŁucejkoandRobertFlisiak
EffectofHCVCoreAntigenandRNAClearanceduringTherapywithDirectActingAntivirals
onHepaticStiffnessMeasuredwithShearWaveElastographyinPatientswithChronicViral
HepatitisC
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2018,8,198,doi:10.3390/app8020198. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
XuejunZhang,XiangrongZhou,TakeshiHaraandHiroshiFujita
Non-InvasiveAssessmentofHepaticFibrosisbyElasticMeasurementofLiverUsingMagnetic
ResonanceTaggingImages
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2018,8,437,doi:10.3390/app8030437. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Sheng-HungChenandCheng-YuanPeng
Ultrasound-BasedLiverStiffnessSurveillanceinPatientsTreatedforChronicHepatitisBorC
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2018,8,626,doi:10.3390/app8040626. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
KristenM.Meiburger,MassimoSalvi,MaurizioGiacchino,U.RajendraAcharya,
MarcoA.Minetto,CristinaCaresioandFilippoMolinari
Quantitative Analysis of Patellar Tendon Abnormality in Asymptomatic Professional
“Pallapugno”Players:ATexture-BasedUltrasoundApproach
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2018,8,660,doi:10.3390/app8050660. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
ChristophF.Dietrich,RoxanaSirli,GiovannaFerraioli,AlinaPopescu,IoanSporea,
CorinaPienar,ChristianKunze,HeikeTaut,SimoneSchrading,SimonaBota,
DagmarSchreiber-DietrichandDongYi
CurrentKnowledgeinUltrasound-BasedLiverElastographyofPediatricPatients
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2018,8,944,doi:10.3390/app8060944. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
SiuNgorFu,Hsing-KuoWangandChenHuang
ANovelMethodforAssessingRegionalTendonStiffnessandItsSignificance
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2018,8,1156,doi:10.3390/app8071156 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
CatherinePayne,PeterWattandNickWebborn
Shear Wave Elastography Measures of the Achilles Tendon: Influence of Time of Day, Leg
DominanceandtheImpactofanAcute30-MinuteBoutofRunning
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2018,8,1170,doi:10.3390/app8071170 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
v
RoaldFleslandHavre, JoErlingRiiseWaage, AnesaMulabecirovic, OddHelgeGiljaand
LarsBirgerNesje
StrainRatioasaQuantificationToolinStrainImaging
Reprintedfrom:AppliedSciences2018,8,1273,doi:10.3390/app8081273 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
vi
About the Special Issue Editor
ChristophF.Dietrich,Prof. Dr.,MBA,isChiefofInternalMedicine2atCaritas-KrankenhausBad
Mergentheim, Germany. He has also studied philosophy and history. He specializes in internal
medicine, gastroenterology, hepatology, proctology, pneumology, hematology, oncology, palliative
care,andgeriatricmedicine. HewasthePresidentofEFSUMBfrom2013to2015andofDGE-BVin
2013,andheiscurrentlytheVicePresidentofWFUMB(2017–2019).
vii

applied
sciences
Editorial
Editorial on the Special Issue of Applied Sciences on
the Topic of Elastography
ChristophF.Dietrich1,2,*ID andJeffreyC.Bamber3
1 Sino-GermanTongji-CaritasResearchCenterofUltrasoundinMedicine,DepartmentofMedicalUltrasound,
TongjiHospital,TongjiMedicalCollege,HuazhongUniversityofScienceandTechnology,
Wuhan430030,China
2 DepartmentofInternalMedicine2,MedizinischeKlinik2,CaritasKrankenhausBadMergentheim,
Uhlandstraße7,97980BadMergentheim,Germany
3 JointDepartmentofPhysicsandCancerResearchUKImagingCentre,TheInstituteofCancerResearchand
TheRoyalMarsdenHospital,CotswoldRoad,Sutton,LondonSM25NG,UK;[email protected]
* Correspondence:[email protected];Tel.:[phone];Fax:[phone]
Received:20June2018;Accepted:17July2018;Published:26July2018
Keywords:guideline;EFSUMB;WFUMB;elastography;contrastenhancedultrasound;pointofcare
ultrasound;healthcare
Elastographyisthescienceofcreatingnoninvasiveimagesofthemechanicalcharacteristicsof
tissues.Thebasicprinciplesofelastographyhavebeendescribedsomeyearsagoandhaveremained
unchangedsincetheywereoutlinedintheEuropeanFederationofSocietiesforUltrasoundinMedicine
andBiology(EFSUMB)guidelines[1,2].Thefirstelastographyguidelinesworldwidewereintroduced
andpublishedbyEFSUMBinApril2013[1,2],wereupdatedin2017fortheliver[3,4],andwere
followedbytheJapaneseSocietyofUltrasoundinMedicine(JSUM)[5]andtheWorldFederationfor
UltrasoundinMedicineandBiology(WFUMB)guidelinesonbasicprinciples[6]andapplicationsin
variousorgans[7–14].Thementionedguidelinesprovideanintroductiontothephysicalprinciples
andtechnologyonwhichallformsofcurrentcommerciallyavailableultrasoundelastographyare
based.Thepracticaladvantagesanddisadvantagesthatareassociatedwitheachofthetechniques
aredescribed,andguidanceisprovidedontheoptimisationofscanningtechnique,imagedisplay,
imageinterpretation,andsomeoftheknownimageartefacts.TheEFSUMBandtheWFUMBguideline
articlescanbefreelydownloadedfromtheEFSUMBwebsite(www.efsumb.org)[15]andtheWFUMB
website(www.wfumb.org).
Asdescribedin[1],ultrasoundelastographyusesultrasonicechoestoobservetissuedisplacement
asafunctionoftimeandspaceafterapplyingaforcethatiseitherdynamic(e.g., bythumping
orvibrating)orvaryingitsoslowlythatitisconsidered“quasi-static”(e.g.,byprobepalpation).
Thecommerciallyavailabletechnologiescanbeclassifiedaccordingtowhetherthistissuedisplacement
is(a)displayeddirectlyastheimagedquantity,asinthemethodthatisknownasacousticradiation
forceimpulse(ARFI)imaging;(b)usedtocalculateanddisplaystrain,producingwhatistermed
strainelastography(SE);or(c)usedtocalculateanddisplayanimageofshearwavespeed.Thelast
oftheseisanimagethatis,inprinciple,quantitativeforatissuepropertyandistheonlyonethat
requiresthecreationofashearwave,whichinturnrequirestheuseofadynamicforce.Theothers
mayuseadynamicforcebutcanalsoworkwithastaticornearlystaticforce[1].However,eventhe
measurementofshearwavespeedisdependentonsystemparameterssuchastheappliedshearforce
andthefrequencyoftheshearwave.Elastographymaybeconsideredasatypeofremotepalpation
thatallowsthemeasurementanddisplayofbiomechanicalpropertiesthatareassociatedwiththe
elasticrestoringforcesinthetissuethatactagainstsheardeformation.Thisviewunifiesthedifferent
typesofelastography,namelySE,ARFIimaging,andSWE,andexplainswhytheyalldisplayimages
withcontrastforthesameunderlyinginformation,whichisassociatedwiththeshearelasticmodulus.
Appl.Sci.2018,8,1232;doi:10.3390/app8081232 1 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci