Table Of Content(cid:2)
Ultra-denseNetworksfor5GandBeyond
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Ultra-dense Networks for 5G and Beyond
Modelling,Analysis,andApplications
Editedby
TrungQ.Duong
SchoolofElectronics,ElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience
(cid:2) (cid:2)
Queen’sUniversityBelfast
UK
XiaoliChu
UniversityofSheffield
UK
HimalA.Suraweera
UniversityofPeradeniya
SriLanka
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2019
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Duong,TrungQ.,editor.|Chu,Xiaoli,editor.|Suraweera,HimalA.,
editor.
Title:Ultra-densenetworksfor5Gandbeyond:modelling,analysis,and
applications/editedbyTrungQ.Duong,SchoolofElectronics,ElectricalEngineering
andComputerScience,Queen’sUniversityBelfast,
UK,XiaoliChu,UniversityofSheffield,UK,
HimalA.Suraweera,UniversityofPeradeniya,
SriLanka.
Description:Hoboken,NJ:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,[2019]|Includes
bibliographicalreferencesandindex.|
Identifiers:LCCN2018044566(print)|LCCN2018047948(ebook)|ISBN
9781119473725(AdobePDF)|ISBN9781119473718(ePub)|ISBN9781119473695
(hardcover)
Subjects:LCSH:Wirelesscommunicationsystems–Technologicalinnovations.|
Networkperformance(Telecommunication)
Classification:LCCTK5103.2(ebook)|LCCTK5103.2.U482019(print)|DDC
621.3845/6–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018044566
CoverDesign:Wiley
CoverImage:©BusakornPongparnit/GettyImages
Setin10/12ptWarnockProbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
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v
Contents
ListofContributors xi
Preface xv
PartI FundamentalsofUltra-denseNetworks 1
1 FundamentalLimitsofUltra-denseNetworks 3
MariosKountourisandVanMinhNguyen
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 SystemModel 6
1.2.1 NetworkTopology 6
(cid:2) 1.2.2 WirelessPropagationModel 6 (cid:2)
1.2.3 UserAssociation 8
1.2.4 PerformanceMetrics 8
1.3 TheQuestforExactAnalyticalExpressions 9
1.3.1 CoverageProbability 10
1.3.2 TheEffectofLOSFading 16
1.3.3 TheEffectofBSHeight 19
1.4 TheQuestforScalingLaws 25
1.4.1 UserPerformance 26
1.4.2 NetworkPerformance 33
1.4.3 NetworkOrderingandDesignGuidelines 35
1.5 ConclusionsandFutureChallenges 36
Bibliography 37
2 PerformanceAnalysisofDenseSmallCellNetworkswithLineofSight
andNon-LineofSightTransmissionsunderRicianFading 41
AmirHosseinJafari,MingDingandDavidLópez-Pérez
2.1 Introduction 41
2.2 SystemModel 42
2.2.1 BSDistribution 42
2.2.2 UserDistribution 42
2.2.3 PathLoss 43
2.2.4 UserAssociationStrategy(UAS) 44
2.2.5 AntennaRadiationPattern 44
2.2.6 Multi-pathFading 44
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vi Contents
2.3 CoverageProbabilityAnalysisBasedonthePiecewisePathLossModel 44
2.4 Studyofa3GPPSpecialCase 46
2.4.1 TheComputationofTL 47
1
2.4.2 TheComputationofTNL 48
1
2.4.3 TheComputationofTL 51
2
2.4.4 TheComputationofTNL 51
2
2.4.5 TheResultsofpcov(𝜆,𝛾)andAASE(𝜆,𝛾 ) 52
0
2.5 SimulationandDiscussion 52
2.5.1 ValidationoftheAnalyticalResultsofpcov(𝜆,𝛾)forthe3GPPCase 52
2.5.2 DiscussionontheAnalyticalResultsofAASE(𝜆,𝛾 )forthe3GPPCase 54
0
2.6 Conclusion 55
AppendixA:ProofofTheorem1.1 55
AppendixB:ProofofLemma2.2 60
AppendixC:ProofofLemma2.3 61
AppendixD:ProofofLemma2.4 62
Bibliography 62
3 MeanFieldGamesfor5GUltra-denseNetworks:AResource
ManagementPerspective 65
MbazingwaE.Mkiramweni,ChungangYangandZhuHan
3.1 Introduction 65
(cid:2) 3.2 LiteratureReview 67 (cid:2)
3.2.1 5GUltra-denseNetworks 67
3.2.2 ResourceManagementChallengesin5G 71
3.2.3 GameTheoryforResourceManagementin5G 71
3.3 BasicsofMeanfieldgame 71
3.3.1 Background 72
3.3.2 MeanFieldGames 73
3.4 MFGsforD2DCommunicationsin5G 76
3.4.1 ApplicationsofMFGsin5GUltra-denseD2DNetworks 76
3.4.2 AnExampleofMFGsforInterferenceManagementinUDN 77
3.5 MFGsforRadioAccessNetworkin5G 78
3.5.1 ApplicationofMFGsforRadioAccessNetworkin5G 79
3.5.2 EnergyHarvesting 81
3.5.3 AnExampleofMFGsforRadioAccessNetworkin5G 81
3.6 MFGsin5GEdgeComputing 84
3.6.1 MFGApplicationsinEdgeCloudCommunication 85
3.7 Conclusion 85
Bibliography 85
PartII Ultra-denseNetworkswithEmerging5GTechnologies 91
4 InbandFull-duplexSelf-backhaulinginUltra-denseNetworks 93
DaniKorpi,TaneliRiihonenandMikkoValkama
4.1 Introduction 93
4.2 Self-backhaulinginExistingLiterature 94
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Contents vii
4.3 Self-backhaulingStrategies 95
4.3.1 Half-duplexBaseStationwithoutAccessNodes 97
4.3.2 Half-duplexBaseStationwithHalf-duplexAccessNodes 97
4.3.3 Full-DuplexBaseStationwithHalf-DuplexAccessNodes 98
4.3.4 Half-duplexBaseStationwithFull-duplexAccessNodes 99
4.4 TransmitPowerOptimizationunderQoSRequirements 99
4.5 PerformanceAnalysis 101
4.5.1 SimulationSetup 101
4.5.2 NumericalResults 103
4.6 Summary 109
Bibliography 110
5 TheRoleofMassiveMIMOandSmallCellsinUltra-dense
Networks 113
QiZhang,HowardH.YangandTonyQ.S.Quek
5.1 Introduction 113
5.2 SystemModel 115
5.2.1 NetworkTopology 115
5.2.2 PropagationEnvironment 116
5.2.3 UserAssociationPolicy 117
5.3 AverageDownlinkRate 117
5.3.1 AssociationProbabilities 117
(cid:2) 5.3.2 UplinkTraining 119 (cid:2)
5.3.3 DownlinkDataTransmission 120
5.3.4 ApproximationofAverageDownlinkRate 121
5.4 NumericalResults 123
5.4.1 ValidationofAnalyticalResults 123
5.4.2 ComparisonbetweenMassiveMIMOandSmallCells 124
5.4.3 OptimalNetworkConfiguration 126
5.5 Conclusion 127
Appendix 128
A.1 ProofofTheorem5.1 128
A.2 ProofofCorollary5.1 129
A.3 ProofofTheorem5.2 129
A.4 ProofofTheorem5.3 130
A.5 ProofofProposition5.1 130
A.6 ProofofProposition5.2 130
Bibliography 131
6 SecurityforCell-freeMassiveMIMONetworks 135
TiepM.Hoang,HienQuocNgo,TrungQ.DuongandHoangD.Tuan
6.1 Introduction 135
6.2 Cell-freeMassiveMIMOSystemModel 136
6.3 Cell-freeSystemModelinthepresenceofanactiveeavesdropper 139
6.4 OnDealingwithEavesdropper 143
6.4.1 Case1:PowerCoefficientsAreDifferent 143
6.4.2 Case2:PowerCoefficientsAretheSame 145
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6.5 NumericalResults 146
6.6 Conclusion 148
Appendix 149
Bibliography 150
7 MassiveMIMOforHigh-performanceUltra-denseNetworksinthe
UnlicensedSpectrum 151
AdrianGarcia-Rodriguez,GiovanniGeraci,LorenzoGalati-GiordanoandDavid
López-Pérez
7.1 Introduction 151
7.2 SystemModel 152
7.3 FundamentalsofMassiveMIMOUnlicensed(mMIMO-U) 154
7.3.1 ChannelCovarianceEstimation 154
7.3.2 EnhancedListenBeforeTalk(eLBT) 155
7.3.3 Neighboring-Node-AwareScheduling 157
7.3.4 AcquisitionofChannelStateInformation 159
7.3.5 BeamformingwithRadiationNulls 160
7.4 PerformanceEvaluation 160
7.4.1 OutdoorDeployments 160
7.4.1.1 Cellular/Wi-FiCoexistence 161
7.4.1.2 AchievableCellularDataRates 162
7.4.2 IndoorDeployments 165
(cid:2) 7.4.2.1 ChannelAccessSuccessRate 166 (cid:2)
7.4.2.2 DownlinkUserSINR 166
7.4.2.3 DownlinkSumThroughput 169
7.5 Challenges 170
7.5.1 Wi-FiChannelSubspaceEstimation 170
7.5.2 UplinkTransmission 170
7.5.3 HiddenTerminals 171
7.6 Conclusion 172
Bibliography 172
8 EnergyEfficiencyOptimizationforDenseNetworks 175
Quang-DoanhVu,MarkkuJuntti,Een-KeeHongandLe-NamTran
8.1 Introduction 175
8.2 EnergyEfficiencyOptimizationTools 176
8.2.1 FractionalProgramming 176
8.2.2 ConcaveFractionalPrograms 177
8.2.2.1 ParameterizedApproach 177
8.2.2.2 Parameter-freeApproach 178
8.2.3 Max–MinFractionalPrograms 179
8.2.4 GeneralizedNon-convexFractionalPrograms 179
8.2.5 AlternatingDirectionMethodofMultipliersforDistributed
Implementation 180
8.3 EnergyEfficiencyOptimizationforDenseNetworks:CaseStudies 181
8.3.1 MultipleRadioAccessTechnologies 181
8.3.1.1 SystemModelandEnergyEfficiencyMaximizationProblem 182
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Contents ix
8.3.1.2 SolutionviaParameterizedApproach 184
8.3.1.3 SolutionviaParameter-freeApproach 184
8.3.1.4 DistributedImplementation 185
8.3.1.5 NumericalExamples 189
8.3.2 DenseSmallCellNetworks 191
8.3.2.1 SystemModel 191
8.3.2.2 CentralizedSolutionviaSuccessiveConvexApproximation 193
8.3.2.3 DistributedImplementation 195
8.3.2.4 NumericalExamples 198
8.4 Conclusion 200
Bibliography 200
PartIII ApplicationsofUltra-denseNetworks 203
9 BigDataMethodsforUltra-denseNetworkDeployment 205
WeisiGuo,MariaLiakata,GuillemMosquera,WeijieQi,JieDengandJieZhang
9.1 Introduction 205
9.1.1 TheEconomicCaseforBigDatainUDNs 205
9.1.2 ChapterOrganization 207
9.2 StructuredDataAnalyticsforTrafficHotspotCharacterization 207
9.2.1 SocialMediaMappingofHotspots 207
(cid:2) 9.2.2 CommunityandClusterDetection 211 (cid:2)
9.2.3 MachineLearningforClusteringinHeterogeneousUDNs 213
9.3 UnstructuredDataAnalyticsforQuality-of-ExperienceMapping 219
9.3.1 TopicIdentification 220
9.3.2 Sentiment 221
9.3.3 Data-AwareWirelessNetwork(DAWN) 222
9.4 Conclusion 226
Bibliography 227
10 PhysicalLayerSecurityforUltra-denseNetworksunderUnreliable
BackhaulConnection 231
HuyT.Nguyen,Nam-PhongNguyen,TrungQ.DuongandWon-JooHwang
10.1 BackhaulReliabilityLevelandPerformanceLimitation 232
10.1.1 OutageProbabilityAnalysisunderBackhaulReliabilityImpacts 233
10.1.2 PerformanceLimitation 234
10.1.3 NumericalResults 234
10.2 UnreliableBackhaulImpactswithPhysicalLayerSecurity 235
10.2.1 TheTwo-PhaseTransmitter/RelaySelectionScheme 237
10.2.2 SecrecyOutageProbabilitywithBackhaulReliabilityImpact 240
10.2.3 SecrecyPerformanceLimitationunderBackhaulReliabilityImpact 240
10.2.4 NumericalResults 241
AppendixA 242
AppendixB 243
AppendixC 244
Bibliography 245
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Description:Offers comprehensive insight into the theory, models, and techniques of ultra-dense networks and applications in 5G and other emerging wireless networksThe need for speed--and power--in wireless communications is growing exponentially. Data rates are projected to increase by a factor of ten every fi
