Ultimate Visual Dictionary

674 Pages·2011·149.18 MB·English

by  DK

ULTIMATE
V
Zygomorphic
flower shape
Green striped
markings Upper sepal
I
S
Column
(fused male
Anther cap
and female
parts)
Pollinium
(pockets of
pollen)
Spreading
petal
Spreading
petal
U
Rostellum
Stigma
A
Lateral (side)
Labellum
sepal
(slipper-
shaped petal)
Flower stalk
R E V I S E D A N D U P D A T E D
L
(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:92)

VISUAL
dictionary
Glabella
Eye
Thoracic
pleurae
Tail area
Tail shield
PREHISTORIC TRILOBITE
DIGITAL VIDEO CAMERA OVERHEAD VIEW OF OUR GALAXY
Liquid crystal
display (LCD) Location of
solar system
Viewfinder
Power switch
Cassette
compartment
lid
Battery
First
electron Nucleus
shell Second
electron
shell

Nucleus Windshield
Steering
Fault plane wheel
Dip of
fault plane
ANATOMY OF A
FLUORINE-19 ATOM
Radiator
Hade of
Headlight
fault
plane
STRUCTURE OF A FAULT
Exhaust
port
Floral
design
VELOCETTE OHV ENGINE MOSAIC DESIGN MODEL T FORD
VISUAL
dictionary
Pedicel
(flower stalk)
Sepal
Achene
(one-seeded
dry fruit)
Remains
of stigma
and style
STRAWBERRY
DK PUBLISHING
LONDON, NEW YORK, MUNICH, MELBOURNE, AND DELHI
THIS EDITION
DK LONDON DK DELHI
Editorial Consultants Ian Graham, Darren Naish, Carole Stott Managing Art Editor Arunesh Talapatra
Picture Researcher Karen VanRoss Managing Editor Saloni Talwar
Jacket Designer Silke Spingies Deputy Managing Art Editor Priyabrata Roy Chowdhury
Digital Conversion Coordinator Linda Zacharia Senior Art Editor Rajnish Kashyap
Production Editor Joanna Byrne Senior Editor Neha Gupta
Production Controller Linda Dare Art Editors Arijit Ganguly, Pooja Pipil
Managing Editor Julie Ferris Assistant Art Editor Pooja Pawwar
Managing Art Editor Owen Peyton Jones DTP Manager Balwant Singh
Art Director Philip Ormerod DTP Designer Jaypal Singh Chauhan
Associate Publishing Director Liz Wheeler Managing Director Aparna Sharma
Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf
Anatomical And Botanical Models Supplied By Somso Modelle, Coburg, Germany
ORIGINAL EDITION (Ultimate Visual Dictionary)
Project Art Editors Heather McCarry, Johnny Pau, Chris Walker, Kevin Williams
Designer Simon Murrell
Project Editors Luisa Caruso, Peter Jones, Jane Mason, Geoffrey Stalker
Editor Jo Evans
DTP Designer Zirrinia Austin
Picture Researcher Charlotte Bush
Managing Art Editor Toni Kay
Senior Editor Roger Tritton
Managing Editor Sean Moore
Production Manager Hilary Stephens
FIRST AMERICAN EDITION PUBLISHED UNDER THE TITLE
ULTIMATE VISUAL DICTIONARY, 1994
THIS REVISED EDITION PUBLISHED IN 2011 BY
DK PUBLISHING
375 HUDSON STREET
NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10014
11 12 13 14 15 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
001-178144-NOV/2011
REVISED EDITIONS IN 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2011
COPYRIGHT © 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2006, 2011 DORLING KINDERSLEY LIMITED
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND PAN-AMERICAN COPYRIGHT CONVENTIONS.
NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED, STORED IN A RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, OR
TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC, MECHANICAL, PHOTOCOPYING,
RECORDING OR OTHERWISE, WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN PERMISSION OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER.
PUBLISHED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY DORLING KINDERSLEY LIMITED.
A CATALOG RECORD FOR THIS BOOK IS AVAILABLE FROM THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS.
ISBN 978-0-7566-8683-3
COLOR REPRODUCTION BY Colorscan, Singapore
PRINTED AND BOUND BY Star Standard, Singapore
Discover more at www.dk.com
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Canopy Fin
Spinneret
Prosoma
(cephalothorax)
Heat shield
Main landing
gear
SIDE VIEW OF ARV SUPER 2 AIRPLANE
Leg
CONTENTS
EXTERNAL FEATURES
OF A SPIDER
Third
Barrel
INTRODUCTION 6 stage
motor
THE UNIVERSE 8
Permanent
black ink Delta II
PREHISTORIC EARTH 54 launch
vehicle
PLANTS 110 second
stage
ANIMALS 164
FOUNTAIN PEN AND INK
MARS PATHFINDER
THE HUMAN BODY 208
Face light Low pressure
emitting GEOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, gases
diodes
Movable (LEDs) AND METEOROLOGY 262
tail
PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY 304
RAIL AND ROAD 322
SEA AND AIR 370 Central
electrode
THE VISUAL ARTS 428
BALL CONTAINING HIGH
TEMPERATURE GAS (PLASMA)
SONY AIBO ARCHITECTURE 456
ROBOT DOG
MUSIC 500
Nonbreakable
plastic
Parallel SPORTS 522
bands
THE MODERN WORLD 564
APPENDIX 616 Shock
absorber
FOOTBALL HELMET
ONYX INDEX 624
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Introduction
T
HE VISUAL DICTIONARY is a
annotated, color photographs showing the skin,
completely new kind of reference muscles, and bones of the human hand. In this entry
you will quickly find that the bone you are searching
book. It provides a link between pictures
for is called the distal phalanx, and for good measure
and words in a way that no ordinary
you will discover that it is attached to the middle
dictionary ever has. Most dictionaries phalanx by the distal interphalangeal joint.
simply tell you what a word means, but
Perhaps you want to know what a catalytic converter
the VISUAL DICTIONARY shows you—through looks like. If you look up “catalytic converter” in an
a combination of detailed annotations, ordinary dictionary, you will be told what it is and
possibly what it does—but you will not be able to tell
explicit photographs, and illustrations.
what shape it is or what it is made of. However, if
In the VISUAL DICTIONARY, pictures define you look up “catalytic converter” in the index of the
the annotations around them. You do not VISUAL DICTIONARY, you will be directed to the Modern
engines entry on page 344—where the introduction
read definitions of the annotated words,
gives you basic information about what a catalytic
you see them. The highly accessible
converter is—and to page 350—where there is a
format of the VISUAL DICTIONARY, the spectacular exploded-view photograph of the
mechanics of a Renault Clio. From these pages you
thoroughness of its annotations, and
will find out not only what a catalytic converter looks
the range of its subject matter make
like, but also that it is attached at one end to an
it a unique and helpful reference tool. exhaust pipe and at the other to a muffler.
Whatever it is that you want to find a name for, or
whatever name you want to find a picture for, you
How to use the VISUAL DICTIONARY
You will find the VISUAL DICTIONARY simple to use. wPeilrlh faipnsd yito uq uniecekdly t aon kdn eoawsi wlyh ienr teh teh Ve IvSUaAmL pD oICnT IOaN ARY.
Instead of being organized alphabetically, it is
shoe is; or how to tell obovate and lanceolate leaves
divided by subject into 14 sections—THE UNIVERSE, apart; or what a spiral galaxy looks like; or whether
ePtRcE. HEISaTcOhR IsCe EctAiRoTnH ,b PeLgAiNnTsS w, AiNthIM aA LtSa, bTlHe Eo Hf UcoMnANte BnOtsD Y, birds have nostrils. With the VISUAL DICTIONARY at
hand, the answers to each of these questions, and
listing the major entries within that section. For
thousands more, are readily available.
example, The Visual Arts section has entries on
Drawing, Tempera, Fresco, Oils, Watercolor, Pastels,
The VISUAL DICTIONARY does not just tell you what the
Acrylics, Calligraphy, Printmaking, Mosaic, and
names of the different parts of an object are. The
Sculpture. Every entry has a short introduction
photographs, illustrations, and annotations are all
explaining the purpose of the photographs and
specially arranged to help you understand which
illustrations, and the significance of the annotations.
parts relate to one another and how objects function.
If you know what something looks like, but don’t
know its name, find the term you need by turning With the VISUAL DICTIONARY you can find in seconds
the words or pictures that you are looking for; or
to the annotations surrounding the pictures; if you
you can simply browse through the pages of the
know a word, but don’t know what it refers to, use
the comprehensive index to direct you to the book for your own pleasure. The VISUAL DICTIONARY
is not intended to replace a standard dictionary
appropriate page.
or conventional encyclopedia, but is instead a
stimulating and valuable companion to ordinary
Suppose that you want to know what the bone
reference volumes. Giving you instant access to the
at the end of your little finger is called. With a
language that is used by astronomers and architects,
standard dictionary, you wouldn’t know where
musicians and mechanics, scientists and
to begin. But with the VISUAL DICTIONARY you simply sportspeople, it is the ideal reference book for
turn to the entry called Hands—within THE HUMAN specialists and generalists of all ages.
BODY section—where you will find four fully
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Sections of the VISUAL DICTIONARY •PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY is a visual journey
The 14 sections of the VISUAL DICTIONARY contain a through the fundamental principles underlying
total of more than 30,000 terms, encompassing the physical universe, and provides the essential
a wide range of topics: vocabulary of these sciences.
•In the first section, THE UNIVERSE, spectacular •In RAIL AND ROAD, a wide range of trains, trams
photographs and illustrations are used to show and buses, cars, bicycles, and motorcycles are
the names of the stars and planets and to described. Exploded-view photographs show
explain the structure of solar systems, galaxies, mechanical details with striking clarity.
nebulae, comets, and black holes.
•SEA AND AIR gives the names for hundreds
•PREHISTORIC EARTH tells the story in annotations of parts of ships and airplanes. The section
of how our own planet has evolved since its includes civil and fighting craft, both
formation. It includes examples of prehistoric historical and modern.
flora and fauna, and fascinating dinosaur
models—some with parts of the body stripped •THE VISUAL ARTS shows the equipment and
away to show anatomical sections. materials used by painters, sculptors, printers,
and other artists. Well-known compositions
•PLANTS covers a huge range of species— have been chosen to illustrate specific artistic
from the familiar to the exotic. In addition techniques and effects.
to the color photographs of plants included in
this section, there is a series of micrographic •ARCHITECTURE includes photographs of
photographs illustrating plant details—such exemplary architectural models and illustrates
as pollen grains, spores, and cross-sections of dozens of additional features such as columns,
stems and roots—in close-up. domes, and arches.
•In the ANIMALS section, skeletons, anatomical •MUSIC provides a visual introduction to
diagrams, and different parts of animals’ bodies the special language of music and musical
have been meticulously annotated. This section instruments. It includes clearly annotated
provides a comprehensive guide to the photographs of each of the major groups of
vocabulary of zoological classification and traditional instruments—brass, woodwind,
animal physiology. strings, and percussion—together with modern
electronic instruments.
•The structure of the human body, its parts, and
its systems are presented in THE HUMAN BODY. •The SPORTS section is a guide to the playing
The section includes lifelike, three-dimensional areas, formations, equipment, and techniques
models and the latest false-color images. Clear needed for many of today’s most popular sports.
and authoritative annotations indicate the
correct anatomical terms. •In THE MODERN WORLD, items that are a
familiar part of our daily lives are taken apart
• GEOLOGY, GEOGRAPHY, AND METEOROLOGY to reveal their inner workings and give access to
describes the structure of the Earth—from the the language used by their manufacturers. It
inner core to the exosphere—and the physical also includes systems and concepts, such as
phenomena—such as volcanoes, rivers, glaciers, the internet, that increasingly influence our
and climate—that shape its surface. 21st century world.
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