UFC 3-340-02 Structures to Resist the Effects of Accidental Explosions

1943 Pages·2008·17.12 MB·English

UFC 3-340-02
DRAFT UFC 3‐340‐02
5 December 2008
22 May 2005

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

STRUCTURES TO RESIST THE
EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTAL
EXPLOSIONS

APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED
UFC 3-340-02
DRAFT UFC 3‐340‐02
5 December 2008
22 May 2005

UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)

STRUCTURES TO RESIST THE EFFECTS OF ACCIDENTAL EXPLOSIONS

Any copyrighted material included in this UFC is identified at its point of use.
Use of the copyrighted material apart from this UFC must have the permission of the
copyright holder.

U.S. ARMY CORPS OF ENGINEERS

NAVAL FACILITIES ENGINEERING COMMAND (Preparing Activity)

AIR FORCE CIVIL ENGINEER SUPPORT AGENCY

Record of Changes (changes are indicated by \1\ ... /1/)

Change No. Date Location

This UFC supersedes ARMY TM 5-1300, NAVFAC P-397 and AFR 88-22 dated November 1990.
UFC 3-340-02
5 December 2008
FOREWORD

The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) system is prescribed by MIL-STD 3007 and
provides planning, design, construction, sustainment, restoration, and modernization criteria, and
applies to the Military Departments, the Defense Agencies, and the DoD Field Activities in
accordance with USD(AT&L) Memorandum dated 29 May 2002. UFC will be used for all
DoD projects and work for other customers where appropriate. All construction outside
of the United States is also governed by Status of Forces Agreements (SOFA), Host
Nation Funded Construction Agreements (HNFA), and in some instances, Bilateral
Infrastructure Agreements (BIA.) Therefore, the acquisition team must ensure
compliance with the more stringent of the UFC, the SOFA, the HNFA, and the BIA, as
applicable.

UFC are living documents and will be periodically reviewed, updated, and made
available to users as part of the Services’ responsibility for providing technical criteria for
military construction. Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (HQUSACE), Naval
Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC), and Air Force Civil Engineer Support
Agency (AFCESA) are responsible for administration of the UFC system. Defense
agencies should contact the preparing service for document interpretation and
improvements. Technical content of UFC is the responsibility of the cognizant DoD
working group. Recommended changes with supporting rationale should be sent to the
respective service proponent office by the following electronic form: Criteria Change
Request (CCR). The form is also accessible from the Internet sites listed below.

UFC are effective upon issuance and are distributed only in electronic media from the
following source:

• Whole Building Design Guide web site http://dod.wbdg.org/.

Hard copies of UFC printed from electronic media should be checked against the current
electronic version prior to use to ensure that they are current.

______________________________________ _____________________________________
JAMES C. DALTON, P.E. _
Chief, Engineering and Construction JOSEPH E. GOTT, P.E.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Chief Engineer
Naval Facilities Engineering Command

______________________________________ ______________________________________
PAUL A. PARKER MICHAEL McANDREW
The Deputy Civil Engineer Director, Facility Investment and
DCS/Installations & Logistics Management
Department of the Air Force Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of
Defense (Installations and Environment)
UFC 3-340-02
DRAFT UFC 3‐340‐02
5 December 2008
22 May 2005
UNIFIED FACILITIES CRITERIA (UFC)
UFC 3-340-02 SUMMARY SHEET

Document: UFC 3-340-02
Superseding: ARMY TM 5-1300, Navy NAVFAC P-397 and Air Force AFR 88-22

Description: This UFC 3-340-02 presents methods of design for protective
construction used in facilities for development, testing, production, storage,
maintenance, modification, inspection, demilitarization, and disposal of explosive
materials. In so doing, it establishes design procedures and construction techniques
whereby propagation of explosion (from one structure or part of a structure to another)
or mass detonation can be prevented and personnel and valuable equipment can be
protected. This document was previously approved as a tri-service document; Army TM
5-1300, Navy NAVFAC P-397, and Air Force AFR 88-22, dated November 1990. The
conversion of the November 1990 document into UFC 3-340-02 was accomplished
through the development of a concise navigable Adobe Acrobat format version of the
November 1990 document with only very minor revisions dated June 2008.

Reasons for Document:

 This document is referenced by DoD 6055.09-STD, “DOD Ammunition and
Explosives Safety Standards” and applies to all operations and facilities within
an explosives safety quantity-distance (ESQD) arc in which personnel or
property are exposed to ammunition and explosives hazards. The document
contains design procedures to achieve personnel protection, protect facilities
and equipment, and prevent propagation of accidental explosions.

Impact: There are no anticipated cost impacts. However, the following benefits should
be realized.

 Current Department of Defense design and construction criteria will be
incorporated into the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC).
 The November 1990 document will be available in a more functional format
that allows simpler navigation of the document, and will facilitate future
update capabilities.
UFC 3-340-02
5 December 2008

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................1  
1-1  PURPOSE. ...........................................................................................................1  
1-2  OBJECTIVE. ......................................................................................................... 1 
1-3  BACKGROUND. ...................................................................................................1  
1-4  SCOPE. ................................................................................................................2  
1-5  FORMAT. ............................................................................................................. 3 
CHAPTER CONTENTS .................................................................................................. 4 
1-6  GENERAL. ........................................................................................................... 4 
SAFETY FACTOR........................................................................................................... 4 
1-7  SAFETY FACTOR. ............................................................................................... 4 
EXPLOSION PROTECTION SYSTEM ........................................................................... 4 
1-8  SYSTEM COMPONENTS. ................................................................................... 4 
1-8.1  General. .....................................................................................................4  
1-8.2  Donor System. ........................................................................................... 5 
1-8.3  Acceptor System. .......................................................................................6  
PROTECTION CATEGORIES ........................................................................................ 8 
1-9  PROTECTION CATEGORIES. ............................................................................. 8 
ACCEPTOR SYSTEMS TOLERANCES ......................................................................... 8 
1-10  PROTECTIVE SYSTEMS. ................................................................................... 8 
1-10.1  Protective Structures.................................................................................. 8 
1-10.2  Containment Type Structures. ................................................................. 10 
1-10.3  Shelters. ................................................................................................... 10 
1-10.4  Barriers. ................................................................................................... 10 
1-11  HUMAN TOLERANCE. ...................................................................................... 11 
1-11.1  Blast Pressures. .......................................................................................1 1 
1-11.2  Structural Motion. .....................................................................................1 2 
1-11.3  Fragments. ............................................................................................... 13 
1-12  EQUIPMENT TOLERANCE. .............................................................................. 14 
1-12.1  Blast Pressures. .......................................................................................1 4 
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5 December 2008

1-12.2  Structural Motion and Shock. ...................................................................1 4 
1-12.3  Fragments. ............................................................................................... 15 
1-13  TOLERANCE OF EXPLOSIVES. ....................................................................... 16 
1-13.1  General. ...................................................................................................1 6 
1-13.2  Blast Pressures. .......................................................................................1 6 
1-13.3  Structural Motions. ...................................................................................1 6 
1-13.4  Fragments. ............................................................................................... 16 
BASIS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN ........................................................................... 26 
1-14  STRUCTURAL RESPONSE. .............................................................................. 26 
1-14.1  General. ...................................................................................................2 6 
1-14.2  Pressure Design Ranges. ........................................................................ 26 
1-14.3  Analyzing Blast Environment. .................................................................. 27 
APPENDIX 1A LIST OF SYMBOLS ............................................................................ 32
APPENDIX 1B BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................................................................3 3

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UFC 3-340-02
5 December 2008

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: FIGURES

Figure 1-1  Explosive Protective System ...................................................................... 7 
Figure 1-2  Survival Curves for Lung Damage, Wh = Weight of human being
(lbs) ..........................................................................................................1 8 
Figure 1-3  Human Ear Damage Due to Blast Pressure ............................................ 19 
Figure 1-4  Example of Safe Separation Tests .......................................................... 20 
Figure 1-5  Safe Separation Test Shields .................................................................. 20 
Figure 1-6  Variation of Structural Response and Blast Loads ................................... 29 
Figure 1-7  Parameters Defining Pressure Design Ranges ....................................... 30 
Figure 1-8  Design Ranges Corresponding to Location of the Structural
Elements Relative to an Explosion .......................................................... 31 

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UFC 3-340-02
5 December 2008

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION: TABLES

Table 1-1  Blast Effects In Man Applicable To Fast-Rising Air Blasts Of Short
Duration (3-5 ms) ..................................................................................... 21 
Table 1-2  50 Percent Probability Of Penetrating Human Skin ................................. 21 
Table 1-3  Threshold Of Serious Injury To Personnel Due To Fragment Impact ...... 22 
Table 1-4  Examples Of Equipment Shock Tolerances ............................................. 22 
Table 1-5  Safe Separation Distance (Bulk Explosives) ............................................2 3 
Table 1-6  Safe Separation Distance (Munitions) ..................................................... 24 

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UFC 3-340-02
5 December 2008

CHAPTER 2 BLAST, FRAGMENT, AND SHOCK LOADS: CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................................3 5 
2-1  PURPOSE. .........................................................................................................3 5 
2-2  OBJECTIVE. ....................................................................................................... 35 
2-3  BACKGROUND. .................................................................................................3 5 
2-4  SCOPE. ..............................................................................................................3 6 
2-5  FORMAT. ........................................................................................................... 37 
CHAPTER CONTENTS ................................................................................................ 38 
2-6  GENERAL. ......................................................................................................... 38 
2-7  EFFECTS OF EXPLOSIVE OUTPUT. ............................................................... 38 
BLAST LOADS ..............................................................................................................3 8 
2-8  BLAST PHENOMENA. ....................................................................................... 38 
2-8.1  General. ...................................................................................................3 8 
2-8.2  Explosive Materials. .................................................................................3 9 
2-9  TNT EQUIVALENCY. ......................................................................................... 40 
2-10  BLAST-LOADING CATEGORIES. ..................................................................... 40 
2-10.1  Unconfined Explosion. ............................................................................. 41 
2-10.2  Confined Explosion. .................................................................................4 1 
2-11  BLAST LOADING PROTECTION. ...................................................................... 42 
2-12  BLAST-WAVE PHENOMENA. ........................................................................... 42 
2-13  UNCONFINED EXPLOSIONS. ........................................................................... 43 
2-13.1  Free Air Burst. ..........................................................................................4 3 
2-13.2  Air Burst. .................................................................................................. 45 
2-13.3  Surface Burst. .......................................................................................... 46 
2-13.4  Multiple Explosions. ................................................................................. 47 
2-14  CONFINED EXPLOSIONS. ................................................................................4 8 
2-14.1  Effects of Confinement. ............................................................................ 48 
2-14.2  Shock Pressures. .....................................................................................5 0 
2-14.3  Gas Pressures. ........................................................................................ 56 
2-14.4  Leakage Pressures. .................................................................................5 9 
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UFC 3-340-02
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2-15  EXTERNAL BLAST LOADS ON STRUCTURES. .............................................. 63 
2-15.1  General. ...................................................................................................6 3 
2-15.2  Forces Acting on Structures. .................................................................... 63 
2-15.3  Above-Ground Rectangular Structure without Openings. ........................ 64 
2-15.4  Above Ground Rectangular Structures with Openings. ........................... 68 
2-15.5  Pressure Buildup in Structures. ............................................................... 75 
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY FRAGMENTS ............................................................ 319 
2-16  GENERAL. ....................................................................................................... 319 
2-17  PRIMARY FRAGMENTS. .................................................................................3 19 
2-17.1  General. .................................................................................................3 19 
2-17.2  Initial Fragment Velocity. ........................................................................ 320 
2-17.3  Fragment Mass Distribution. .................................................................. 322 
2-17.4  Variation of Fragment Velocity with Distance. ........................................ 325 
2-17.5  Primary Fragments - Shape, Caliber Density and Impact Angle. ........... 326 
2-18  SECONDARY FRAGMENTS. .......................................................................... 329 
2-18.1  General. .................................................................................................3 29 
2-18.2  Velocity of Unconstrained Secondary Fragments. ................................. 330 
2-18.3  Velocity of Constrained Secondary Fragments. .....................................3 33 
2-19  FRAGMENT TRAJECTORIES. ........................................................................ 334 
SHOCK LOADS .......................................................................................................... 357 
2-20  INTRODUCTION. ............................................................................................. 357 
2-21  GROUND SHOCK. ...........................................................................................3 58 
2-21.1  Introduction. ........................................................................................... 358 
2-21.2  Air Blast-Induced Ground Shock. ...........................................................3 58 
2-21.3  Direct-Induced Ground Motion. ..............................................................3 60 
2-22  AIR SHOCK. .....................................................................................................3 62 
2-22.1  Introduction. ........................................................................................... 362 
2-22.2  Method of Analysis. ............................................................................... 362 
2-23  STRUCTURE MOTIONS. .................................................................................3 64 
2-23.1  Introduction. ........................................................................................... 364 
2-23.2  Net Ground Shock. ................................................................................ 364 
2-23.3  Maximum Structure Motion. ................................................................... 365 
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