Two Hippocratic Treatises on Sight and on Anatomy: Edited and Translated with Introduction and Commentary by Elizabeth M. Craik (Studies in Ancient Medicine) (Studies in Ancient Medicine)

194 Pages·2006·2.1 MB·English

by  Elizabeth M. Craik

TWO HIPPOCRATIC TREATISES
ON SIGHT AND ON ANATOMY
STUDIES IN
ANCIENT MEDICINE
EDITED BY
JOHN SCARBOROUGH
PHILIP J. VAN DER EIJK
ANN HANSON
NANCY SIRAISI
VOLUME 33
TWO HIPPOCRATIC TREATISES
ON SIGHT
AND
ON ANATOMY
Edited and Translated
with Introduction and Commentary
BY
ELIZABETH M. CRAIK
LEIDEN •BOSTON
2006
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
A C.I.P. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISSN 0925–1421
ISBN-13:978-90-04-15396-7
ISBN-10:90-04-15396-9
© Copyright 2006 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands
Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill,
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CONTENTS
PrefaceandAcknowledgements ..................................... vii
part i on sight
.
Introduction........................................................... 3
I.Title.............................................................. 3
II.TransmissionandReception................................... 4
III.ContentandExpression....................................... 8
IV.PlaceintheHippocratic Corpus:ProvenanceandDate..... 15
V.PlaceintheHistoryofOphthalmology........................ 19
ReferencesandAbbreviations........................................ 29
Bibliography .......................................................... 31
ConspectusSiglorum................................................. 37
TextandTranslation ................................................. 38
Commentary.......................................................... 49
GlossaryofOphthalmologicalTerms ............................... 113
Diagrams.............................................................. 115
1.TheEye:anteriorview.......................................... 115
2.TheHead:lateralview ......................................... 115
3.SectionoftheEyeball........................................... 116
part ii on anatomy
.
TheHippocratic Treatise OnAnatomy................................ 119
Introduction........................................................ 119
ReferencesandAbbreviations..................................... 121
TextandTranslation ................................................. 124
Commentary.......................................................... 129
Discussion............................................................. 155
I.Background...................................................... 155
II.Anat.andtheHC:content ..................................... 157
III.Anat.andtheHC:expression ................................. 162
IV.TheDemokriteandimension.................................. 164
V.Conclusion ...................................................... 168
vi contents
Appendix.............................................................. 169
IndexofAuthorsandTexts .......................................... 171
GeneralIndex ........................................................ 181
PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The two short texts published here, both transmitted in the Hippo-
cratic Corpus but surely neither by the historical Hippocrates, are very
different in nature and origins. On Sight is a sketchy surgical manual
on eye afflictions, perhaps originating in North Africa, and On Anatomy
anallusiveaccountofbasichumananatomywithevidentDemokritean
connections.
I am very grateful to Cambridge University Press for permission to
republish here with slight alterations in presentation my article ‘The
Hippocratic Treatise On Anatomy’ from Classical Quarterly 48 (1998), 135–
167.Theoriginalpaginationisindicated.AnAppendixhasbeenadded
totakeaccountofanewBudétext:M.-P.Duminil,Hippocrate:CUFt.
8, Ulc., Oss., Cor, Anat. (Paris, 1998). The ‘background’ to On Sight is dis-
cussed in my paper ‘The Hippocratic Treatise Peri Opsios’ in Hippocrates
in Context, edited by P.J. van der Eijk (Leiden, 2005), 191–207; I hope
readerswillrefertothisforamplification.
I need not repeat all the acknowledgements made in note 1 of On
Anatomy, but wish to reiterate thanks to the Wellcome Trust for the
award of a research leave fellowship, which gave temporary relief from
a demanding post at the University of St. Andrews, and facilitated
a change in research direction. After a brief return to St. Andrews,
I took up a post at Kyoto University in 1997. Work on the treatise
On Sight was begun in Kyoto just before retirement in 2002. I have
benefited from the comments of participants at several seminars in
Japan, especially from those of Professor Noburu Notomi, who sup-
ported presentation of the work in its very first and very last stages at
Kyushu University in spring 2002 and at Keio University in autumn
2005. From September 2003 to September 2005 I held at the Uni-
versity of St. Andrews an Emeritus Research Fellowship, awarded by
the Leverhulme Trust, to complete this book. I am most grateful to
the Trust for their support, which enabled me to spend some time in
London at the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine
at UCL and to make brief visits to Cambridge, Oxford, Paris, Flo-
rence, Modena, Rome and Venice to collate manuscripts. I express
viii prefaceandacknowledgements
thanks to all the hard-working librarians who have given indispens-
ableaid.
Iamparticularlygratefultotwoscholarswhomadetimetoreadand
comment on a complete draft: Professor Vivian Nutton and Professor
Philip van der Eijk. Professor Nutton saved me from Galenic error and
Professor van der Eijk suggested that the work might be published in
this series. I owe special thanks also to Dr Thomas Rütten who gave
generous help with the manuscript tradition just when I most needed
it. Professor Heinrich von Staden provided valuable bibliographical
aid. In medical matters, I have been fortunate to be able to call on
colleagues in the Bute Medical School, University of St. Andrews: Mr
Robin Clark read sections of the commentary at various stages and
gave much practical guidance and Dr David Sinclair organized and
led a useful seminar on the anatomy of the eye. Above all, Dr Susan
Whiten has provided essential information at many points and has
very kindly supplied the diagrams, adapted from her book The Flesh
and Bones of Anatomy (forthcoming, Elsevier Press). Mr David Spalton,
a consultant ophthalmic surgeon in London with a special interest in
cataractsurgery,communicatedhisgeneralviews ofthetext.
Finally, I wish to thank Dr John Ball of IT services, University of
St. Andrews, for adroit rescue from several technological impasses, and
to express my gratitude to all at Brill involved in the execution of this
complextask.
part i
ON SIGHT