Turbine Aeroplane Structures and Systems EASA Module 11A for Aircraft Maintenance

688 Pages·2015·174.935 MB·English

by  Aircraft Technical Book Co.

FOR 81:1 LEVEL CERTIFICATION
TURBINE AEROPLANE
STRUCTURES AND SYSTEMS
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Aviation Maintenance Technician
Certification Series
COMPUANT WITH
EASA PART 661147
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AVIATION MAINTENANCE TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATION SERIES
Conlrtbuling Aulhor~ Thomas Forenz
Kurt C. Gibson
Charles L. Rodriguez
Copyright© 2016-Aircraft Technical Book Company. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
written permission of the publisher.
To order books or for Customer Service, please call [phone].
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Printed in the United States of America
IISBN ' 17&-l'I~H~~04b
9 781941
WELCOME
The publishers of this Aviation Maintenance Technician Certification Series welcome you to the world of
aviation maintenance. As you move towards EASA certification, you are required to gain suitable knowledge and
experience in your chosen area. 01talification on basic subjects for each aircraft maintenance license category or
subcategory is accomplished in accordance with the following matrix. Where applicable, subjects are indicated by
an "X" in the column below the license heading.
For other educational tools created to prepare candidates for licensure, contact Aircraft Technical Book Company.
We wish you good luck and success in your studies and in your aviation career!
EASA LICENSE CATEGORY CHART
A1 81.1 81.2 81.3
82
Module number and title Airplane Airplane Airplane Helicopter Avionics
Turbine Turbine Piston Turbine
Mathematics X X X X X
2 Physics X X X X X
3 Electrical Fundamentals X X X X X
4 Electronic Fundamentals X X X X
5 Digital Techniques I Electronic Instrument Systems X X X X X
6 Materials and Hardware X X X X X
?A Maintenance Practices X X X X X
8 Basic Aerodynamics X X X X X
9A Human Factors X X X X X
10 Aviation Legislation X X X X X
11A Turbine Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems X X
11 B Piston Aeroplane Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems X
12 Helicopter Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems X
13 Aircraft Aerodynamics, Structures and Systems X
14 Propulsion X
15 Gas Turbine Engine X X X
16 Piston Engine X
17A Propeller X X X
FOR\NARD
PART-66 and the Acceptable Means ofC ompliance (AMC) and Guidance Material (GM) of the European Aviation
Safety Agency (EASA) Regulation (EC) No. 1321/2014, Appendix 1 to the Implementing Rules establishes the
Basic Knowledge Requirements for those seeking an aircraft maintenance license. The information in this Module
of the Aviation Maintenance Technical Certification Series published by the Aircraft Technical Book Company
meets or exceeds the breadth and depth of knowledge subject matter referenced in Appendix 1 of the Implementing
Rules. However, the order of the material presented is at the discretion of the editor in an effort to convey the
required knowledge in the most sequential and comprehensible manner. Knowledge levels required for Category A1,
Bl, B2, and B3 aircraft maintenance licenses remain unchanged from those listed in Appendix 1 Basic Knowledge
Requirements. Tables from Appendix 1 Basic Knowledge Requirements are reproduced at the beginning of each
module in the series and again at the beginning of each Sub-Module.
How numbers are written in this book:
This book uses the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standard of writing numbers. This methods
displays large numbers by adding a space between each group of3 digits. This is opposed to the American method which
uses commas and the European method which uses periods. For example, the number one million is expressed as so:
ICAO Standard 1000 000
European Standard 1.000.000
American Standard 1,000,000
SI Units:
The International System of Units (SI) developed and maintained by the General Conference of Weights and
Measures (CGPM) shall be used as the standard system of units of measurement for all aspects of international civil
aviation air and ground operations.
Prefixes:
The prefixes and symbols listed in the table below shall be used to form names and symbols of the decimal multiples
and submultiples oflnternational System ofUnits (SI) units.
I
MULTIPLICATION FACTOR PREFIX • SYMBOL
1000000000000000000 = 10'8 ex a E
1 000 000 000 000 000 = 10'5 peta p
1 000 000 000 000 = 10'2 tera T
1000 000000 = 109 giga G
1000 000 = 106 mega M
1000 = 10' kilo k
2
100 = 10 hecto h
10 = 101 deca da
0.1 =10"1 deci d
0.01 = 10·2 centi c
w-3
0.001 = milli m
0.000 001 = 10-6 micro fl
w-•
0.000 000 001 = nano n
0.000 000 000 001 = 10-12 pico p
0.000 000 000 000 001 = 10-1s fern to f
0.000 000 000 000 000 001 = 10-1s at to a
International System of Units (SI) Prefixes
PREFACE
In this sub-module, large aircraft aerodynamics, structure and systems are studied. The diligent application of this
knowledge is the foundation of successful commercial air travel worldwide. The information presented here is both
broad and specific. Engineers and technicians must have detailed knowledge of a wide range of operating principles
and proper component operation in order to maintain turbine powered aeroplanes. That knowledge begins in this
module. It is expanded by maintenance data provided by the aeroplane manufacturer and approved by national and
international aviation operations authorities.
Module 11A Syllabus as outlined in PART-66, Appendix 1.
LEVELS
CERTIFICATION CATEGORY _... A 81
Sub-Module 01 -Theory ofF light
Sub-Module 01.1.1 -Aeroplane Aerodynamics and Flight Controls
Operation and effect of: 1 2
- roll control: ailerons and spoilers;
- pitch control: elevators, stabilators, variable incidence stabilisers and canards;
- yaw control, rudder limiters;
Control using elevons, ruddervators;
High lift devices, slots, slats, flaps, flaperons;
Drag inducing devices, spoilers, lift dumpers, speed brakes;
Effects of wing fences, saw tooth leading edges;
Boundary layer control using, vortex generators, stall wedges or leading
edge devices;
Operation and effect of trim tabs, balance and antibalance (leading)
tabs, servo tabs, spring tabs, mass balance, control surface bias,
aerodynamic balance panels.
Sub-Module 01.1.2- High Speed Flight
Speed of sound, subsonic flight, transonic flight, supersonic flight; 1 2
Mach number, critical Mach number, compressibility buffet, shock
wave, aerodynamic heating, area rule;
Factors affecting airflow in engine intakes of high speed aircraft;
Effects of sweepback on critical Mach number.
Module 11 A -Turbine Aeroplane Structures and Systems AIRCRAFT v
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LEVELS
A 81
CERTIFICATION CATEGORY -.
Sub-Module 02 -Airframe Structures-General Concepts
(a) Airworthiness requirements for structural strength; 2 2
Structural classification, primary, secondary and tertiary;
Fail safe, safe life, damage tolerance concepts;
Zonal and station identification systems;
Stress, strain, bending, compression, shear, torsion, tension,
hoop stress, fatigue;
Drains and ventilation provisions;
System installation provisions;
Lightning strike protection provision;
Aircraft bonding.
(b) Construction methods of: stressed skin fuselage, formers, stringers, 1 2
longerons, bulkheads, frames, doublers, struts, ties, beams, floor
structures, reinforcement, methods of skinning, anticorrosive
protection, wing, empennage and engine attachments;
Structure assembly techniques: riveting, bolting, bonding;
Methods of surface protection, such as chromating, anodising, painting;
Surface cleaning;
Airframe symmetry: methods of alignment and symmetry checks.
Sub-Module 03 - Airframe Structures-Aeroplanes
Sub-Module 03.1.1 -Fuselage (ATA 52153156)
Construction and pressurization sealing; 1 2
Wing, stabilizer, pylon and undercarriage attachments;
Seat installation and cargo loading system;
Doors and emergency exits: construction, mechanisms, operation and
safety devices;
Windows and windscreen construction and mechanisms.
Sub-Module 03.1.2-Wings (ATA 57)
Construction; 1 2
Fuel storage;
Landing gear, pylon, control surface and high lift/drag attachments.
Sub-Module 03.1.3-Stabilizers (ATA 55)
Construction; 1 2
Control surface attachment.
Sub-Module 03.1.4-Flight Control Surfaces (ATA 55/57)
Construction and attachment; 1 2
Balancing-mass and aerodynamic.
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LEVELS
A 81
CERTIFICATION CATEGORY 4
Sub-Module 03.1.5-Nacelles/Pylons (ATA 54)
Nacelles/Pylons: 1 2
- Construction,
- Firewalls,
- Engine mounts.
Sub-Module 04-Air Conditioning and Cabin Pressurization (ATA 21)
Sub-Module 04.1.1-Air Supply
Sources of air supply including engine bleed, APU and ground cart. 1 2
Sub-Module 04.1.2-Air Conditioning
Air conditioning systems; 1 3
Air cycle and vapour cycle machines;
Distribution systems;
Flow, temperature and humidity control system.
Sub-Module 04.1.3- Pressurization
Pressurization systems; 1 3
Control and indication including control and safety valves;
Cabin pressure controllers.
Sub-Module 04.1.4 -Safety and warning devices
Protection and warning devices. 1 3
Sub-Module 05-Instruments/Avionic Systems
Sub-Module 05.1.1 -Instrument Systems (ATA 31)
Pitot static: altimeter, air speed indicator, vertical speed indicator; 1 2
Gyroscopic: artificial horizon, attitude director, direction indicator,
horizontal situation indicator, turn and slip indicator, turn coordinator;
Compasses: direct reading, remote reading;
Angle of attack indication, stall warning systems;
Glass cockpit;
Other aircraft system indication.
Sub-Module 05.1.2-Avionic Systems
Fundamentals of system layouts and operation of: 1 1
-Auto Flight (ATA 22),
-Communications (ATA 23),
- Navigation Systems (ATA 34).
Module 11 A -Turbine Aeroplane Structures and Systems AIRCRAFT vii
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LEVELS
CERTIFICATION CATEGORY .... A 81
Sub-Module 06- Electrical Power (ATA24}
Batteries Installation and Operation; 1 3
DC power generation;
AC power generation;
Emergency power generation;
Voltage regulation;
Power distribution;
Inverters, transformers, rectifiers;
Circuit protection;
External/Ground power.
Sub-Module 07- Equipment and Furnishings (ATA 25)
(a) Emergency equipment requirements; 2 2
Seats, harnesses and belts;
(b) Cabin layout; 1 1
Equipment layout;
Cabin Furnishing installation;
Cabin entertainment equipment;
Galley installation;
Cargo handling and retention equipment;
Airstairs.
Sub-Module 08- Fire Protection (ATA 26)
(a) Fire and smoke detection and warning systems; 1 3
Fire extinguishing systems;
System tests;
(b) Portable .fire extinguisher. 1 1
Sub-Module 09- Flight Controls (ATA27)
Primary controls: aileron, elevator, rudder, spoiler; 1 3
Trim control;
Active load control;
High lift devices;
Lift dump, speed brakes;
System operation: manual, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical, fly by wire;
Arti1icial feel, Yaw damper, Mach trim, rudder limiter, gust lock systems;
Balancing and rigging;
Stall protection/warning system.
viii - rA~tIR HCIVR AFT Module 11 A -Turbine Aeroplane Structures and Systems
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LEVELS
CERTIFICATION CATEGORY --+ A 81
Sub-Module 10- Fuel Systems (ATA28)
System layout; 1 3
Fuel tanks;
Supply systems;
Dumping, venting and draining;
Crossfeed and transfer;
Indications and warnings;
Refuelling and defueling;
Longitudinal balance fuel systems.
Sub-Module 11-Hydraulic Power (ATA29)
System layout; 1 3
Hydraulic fluids;
Hydraulic reservoirs and accumulators;
Pressure generation: electric, mechanical, pneumatic;
Emergency pressure generation;
Filters;
Pressure Control;
Power distribution;
Indication and warning systems;
Interface with other systems.
Sub-Module 12-Ice and Rain Protection (ATA 30)
Ice formation, classification and detection; 1 3
Anti-icing systems: electrical, hot air and chemical;
De-icing systems: electrical, hot air, pneumatic and chemical;
Rain repellent;
Probe and drain heating;
Wiper systems.
Sub-Module 13 -Landing Gear (ATA 32)
Construction, shock absorbing; 2 3
Extension and retraction systems: normal and emergency;
Indications and warning;
Wheels, brakes, anti-skid and auto braking;
Tires;
Steering;
Air ground sensing.
Sub-Module 14-Lights (ATA 33)
External: navigation, anti collision, landing, taxiing, ice; 2 3
Internal: cabin, cockpit, cargo;
Emergency.
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