Table Of ContentT s ik a d z a V a S h c n a
J . A 4 . G c m b e
B o o k
C e n t r e
Tsika dzaVaShona
J.M. Gombe
Mifananidzo yomukati naLinos Mushambi
f t r
T h e C o l l e g e P r e s s
' I
THE COLLEGE PRESS (PVT) LTD
P.O. Box 3041
Harare
Zimbabwe
©J.M. Combe
/ First Published 1986.
Printed by
LITHO SERVICES (PVT) LTD
Harare
ISBN 0 86925 559 2
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrival system, or transmitted in
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without the prior permission in writing of the publishers.
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Кипа vashakabvu, Baba James Combe naMai Naome Matsvata avo vaiona
nhamo yokurima nzungu vachiitira kuti budzi ravo rionewo musiwo
wee hi кого.
ZIVISO YOKUTENDA
Ndinopa rutendo rwangu kumushakabvu A C Hodza, VaT.K
Tsodzo naVaA.S. Chigwedere norubatsiro rwavo pakurongwa
nokunyorwa kwebhuku iri, nokuna Tendisai Joyce, hama yapasi,
uyo aiona pfumvu yokurovera mavara aya pamuchini.
Ndinopawo rutendo kune avo vanotevera norubatsiro rwavo
rwemazano, pfungwa, tsigiro neyemuro zvavakapa pakunyorwa
kwebhuku rino:
С C Kuona R C Sisimayi
R H Chakamba M S Kachere
N О Chari A Macheka
С C Chieza J Mhere
P Chihaka j Z Muchovo
Sekuru C Chimasha I К Takawira
STM Hove I Zvarevashe
Vagadziri vebhuku vanotenda National Archives nemvumo
yokushandisa mufananidzo uri pabutiro.
C h i t s a u k o pej¡
1. Daré ....................................................................................................... 7
1.1 Daré senzvimbo yavarume ...................................................... 7
1.2 Daré semba yaigara varume .................................................... 8
1.3 Daré senzvimbo yokutandarira .................. 9
1.4 Daré sechikoro ............................................................................. 11
1.5 Daré senzvimbo yokudyira yavarume .................................. 12
2. Daré remhosva ................................................................................... 17
2.1 Zvinoreva izwi iri ........................................................................ 17
2.2 Matare apamusha ...................................................................... 17
2.3 Matare epamusoro ................................................................... 18
2.4 Zvipeto zvapamatare makuru ................................................ 20
2.5 Murao/Mutemo ................................................................. 22
3. Vatete 25
3.1 Ndiani anonzi vatete .................................................................. 25
3.2 Kunobva simba ravo .................................................................. 25
3.3 Dzidziso yavazukurusikana .................................................... 27
3.4 Gadziriro yokupinda mumba .................................................. 29
3.5 Vatete navazukurukomana .................................................... 30
3.6 Shamhu yokushaya mbereko .................................................. 31
4. Tsika dzokuwanana dzavaShona 35
4.1 Nhanganyaya yewanano ........................................................... 35
4.2 Nzira dzokuwanana .................................................................. 36
4.3 Mazwi anoshandiswa pákubvunzira .................................... 48
4.4 Zvipeto zvaparoora nokubvunzira ...................................... 49
4.5 Zvipeto zvemukumbo ............................................................... 49
5. Kunoreva danga kuvakuwasha 52
5.1 Rwendo rwekunoreva danga .................................................. 52
5.2 Zvipeto pakutaridza tezvara danga ...................................... 53
5.3 Zvipfuyo zvinobviswa pakuroora ........................................ 54
6. Mudzimu, mhondoro, mashavi .................................................... 59
6.1 Chitendero chávatema ..................' ........................................ 59
6.2 Mudzimu ...................................................................................... 59
6 3 Mhondoro .................................................................................. 60
6.4 Shavi ............................................................................................... 61
6.5 N'anga ............................................. 62
6.6 Zvipeto zven'anga ...................................................................... 64
7. Nhimbe hoka 68
7.1 Chii chinonzi nhimbe 68
7.2 Marongwerwo enhimbe 68
7.3 jakwara 70
7.4 Manwirwo edoro rapanhimbe 72
7.5 Matekerwo ehari yedoro 74
7.6 Mashoko okupedzisira 75
7.7 Mushandirapamwe wepasichigare 75
8. Mukwerera 77
8.1 Basa romukwerera 77
8.2 Mabikirwo edoro romukwerera 78
8.3 B ira regasva................................................................................. 78
9. Kurova guva nenhaka 80
9.1 Zvinangwa zvekurova guva 80
9.2 Mutambo wokurova guva 81
9.3 Kugovewa kwenhumbi 83
9.4 Nhaka ............................................................................................ 83
\
10. Kutanda botso 86
10.1 Chii chinonzi botso ................................................................. 86
10.2 Mafambiro emutambo wacho 87
11. Madzimambo 89
11.1 Basa ramadzimambo ............................................................. 89
11.2 Kugadzwa kwamambo ........................................................... 90
11.3 Kuvigwa Kwamambo ............................................................. 92
12. Dzimwe nyaya nezvokuita 93
12.1 Usahwira ................................................................................... 93
12.2 Ukama hwedu ........................................................................... 93
12.3 Ngano .......................................................................................... 95
12.4-13 Zvokudya ............................................................................. 97
Tsanangudzo Yamazwi 100
7
Dare
1.1 Daré senzvimbo yavarume
Izwi rokuti daré rinoreva zvinhu zviviri. Kekutanga rinoreva nzvimbo
inogara vanhurume. Kechipiri rinoreva vanhu vakaungana kutonga
mhosva. Tichatanga taongorora daré senzvimbo inogara varume, to-
zoonawo daré remhosva.
Kare kare kusati kwauya chiRungu chakauya ichi musha woga woga
капа kuti mana roga roga raifanifa kuva nedare raro. Rimwe izwi
rinoreva daré ndichivara. Manheru oga oga munhu wese ari wemurume
aifanira kuenda kunogara navamwe padare. Pamangwanani zvakare
aifanira kumuka achinanga padare asati aenda kwaanoda. Chaive chinhu
chinosvodesa kwazvo kuona munhurume achifuma ari mumba капа
kuviririwa nezuva arimo asingaendi кипе vamwe. Капа ma-
dzimaiwo aitotuka zvikomana zvati samhu vachiti- 'Endai panze pane
vamwe varume, musatitadzisa kutsvaira madota'.
Nzvimbo yaiitirwa chivara yakanga iri nzvimbo yakanakawo. Vakuru
vaiwanzotsvaka nzvimbo yakati taramuke ndokunge musha wavo капа
mana ravo riri guru. Pamwe vaitsvaga nzvimbo iri pedo nezimuti guru
pamwewo seri kwechuru. Vamwewo vaizoronga rusosa rwamatombo
kudzivirira mhepo. Chivara капа kuti daré yakanga isiri nzvimbo yai-
pfirirwa kwete. Nzvimbo yechivara iyi yaionekwawo nechoto капа
zvoto.
Padare apa vanhu vaigara namazera. Mbumbuchena dzaigara dzoga,
vanasaimba vegawo, vachangotangisa dzimba vega, majaha egawo,
zvikomana zvati kurei pazvoo zvega. Jaha rainge raroora raibva kupwere
ronogara namasaimba. Daré roga roga raive nomukuru waro ainzi sadare
капа kuti sachivara. Zvikwata zvikwata zvaivewo navatungamiriri vazvo.
Sadare uyu aifanira kuva munhu anokudzikana, munhu ane chiremera
pamwe noruzivo. Kazhinji munhu iyeyu ndiye aive ziso rasadunhu, ishe,
капа mambo. Pakazouya vaRungu vamwe vevanhu ivava ndivo
vakazopiwa mabhuku ainge akanyorwa vanhu vemana iroro vachibva
vanzi masabhuku. Kuuyáwo kwenyaya yokuti dzimba dzivakwe dzakaita
8
mutsetse kwakaita kuti zvivara zvemumamana zviite zvishoma. Mhuri
yoga yoga yakazenge yongoti uyu раке, uyu раке. Nhasi uno vanhu
vachiri kugara pachivara vave vashoma zvbkuti makore anouya ayo
hatizivi kuti капа izwí rokuti chivara richange richine vanoziva
zvarinoreva here.
Nyaya yechivara iyi inyaya yakanga iri mutsika nehunhu kuvatema
vomuno muZimbabwe капа vatema venyika yeAfrica yose zvayo. Inyaya
yaiunza kubutana, kgnzwanana, kuwirirana, mushandirapamwe kwete
mazvakemazvake akaunzwa nevekumadokera aya. Chivara ndiwo
wakanga uri musimboti wemhuri, wema,na капа wevavakidzani. Upenyu
namagariro nehunhu zvikuru hwevanhurume hwaiumbwa padare. Iyi
yakanga iri nhaka yemusiidzanwa yatakasiirwa namadzitetguru edu.
Vasharuka vazhinji zvikuru vaya vomumaruwa, vánenge vaehadonhedza
misodzi nokufunga kuti chokwadi zvechivara izvi zvave kutonzi
ndezveshure. 'Vana капа vashingagari pachivara vanodzidzei chaizvo?
Ndiani achavadzidzisa unhu netsika dzedu?' Iyi ndiyo mimwe yemibvu-
nzo yavanobvunza. Кипе mumwe musharuka akazombonditi, "ndiyo
yakanga iri yunivhesiti yedu iyoyo.' Nyangwe zvavo vamwe vasharuka
ava vachiyemura ruzivo runounzwa namabhuku, vanofunga ivo kuti
ruzivo rwomumabhuku rwoga harukwanisi kuumba murume akazara.
Vanotsoropodza hunyanzwi husina nyundo hwevana vamazuva ano
vava kutora dzimwe tsika dzedu vachipa imbwa.
lye zvino pave nemukaha mukuru kwazvo pakati pevasharuka nezvi-
zvarwa zvamazuva ano wave kunge uya uri pakati pevanhu vanotaura
ndirpi dzakasiyana-siyana. Mafungiro avo anenge apana makotsi. Kare
izvi zvose zvakange zvisipo nokuti vakuru navaduku vaigara pachivara
chimwe vadoko vachiudzwa mashoko oungwaru navakuru. Dzidzo yose
youpenyu yaibva pachivara. Yaivezve dzidzo yaishandisa zvinhu zvi-
noonekera, zvomupenyu chaizvo kwete iva yokungofunga zvinogona
kungoonekwa nepfungwa bedzi. Zvino ngatichimboona zvinhu zvaiitika
padare.
1.2 Daré sougaro hwavarume
Tamboti zviya daré ndiyo yaive nzvimbo yavarume капа kuti tingatoti
ndiyo yaive imba yavarume. Madzimai pavaidzinga varume nevana vavo
kubva mudzimba vainge vasingangovadzingi kuti vaende кипе vamwe
varume chete asi kuti vaiitirawo kuti varege kutadziswa kuita basa ravo.
Varume vaigarotenderera mudzimba ava vazhinji vavo vaishusha.
Varume ivava vaiwanzoita basa rokugamba maga anobva kuvanhukadzi
pamwe neveanhurume. Kusekwa navamwe varume uchinzi uri
jengavasikana капа kuti jengavakadzi chainge ch¡ri chinhu chinosvo-
resa. Izvi zvinhu zvaiitawo kuti varume vagare padare. Vaitozobvapo
voenda kunorara kwanaya капа kuti voenda kumabasa. Mazuva ano
zvinhu zvashanduka, zvikuru mumadhorobha. Varongi vekuvakwa
kwamadhorobhá hapana pavakambosiyawo vachiti iyi inzvimbo yedare.
