Tropical fruits vol.1

382 Pages·2010·5.738 MB·English

by  Robert E Paull, Odilo Duarte

C P S H
ROP RODUCTION CIENCE IN ORTICULTURE SERIES
Series Editor: Jeff Atherton, Professor of Tropical Horticulture,
University of the West Indies, Barbados
This series examines economically important horticultural crops selected from the
major production systems in temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic areas.
Systems represented range from open fi eld and plantation sites to protected plastic
and glass houses, growing rooms and laboratories. Emphasis is placed on the scientifi c
principles underlying crop production practices rather than on providing empirical
recipes for uncritical acceptance. Scientifi c understanding provides the key to both
reasoned choice of practice and the solution of future problems.
Students and staff at universities and colleges throughout the world involved in
courses in horticulture, as well as in agriculture, plant science, food science and
applied biology at degree, diploma or certifi cate level will welcome this series as a
succinct and readable source of information. The books will also be invaluable to
progressive growers, advisers and end-product users requiring an authoritative, but
brief, scientifi c introduction to particular crops or systems. Keen gardeners wishing
to understand the scientifi c basis of recommended practices will also fi nd the series
very useful.
The authors are all internationally renowned experts with extensive experience
of their subjects. Each volume follows a common format covering all aspects of
production, from background physiology and breeding, to propagation and planting,
through husbandry and crop protection, to harvesting, handling and storage. Selective
references are included to direct the reader to further information on specifi c topics.
Titles Available:
1. Ornamental Bulbs, Corms and Tubers A.R. Rees
2. Citrus F.S. Davies and L.G. Albrigo
3. Onions and Other Vegetable Alliums J.L. Brewster
4. Ornamental Bedding Plants A.M. Armitage
5. Bananas and Plantains J.C. Robinson
6. Cucurbits R.W. Robinson and D.S. Decker-Walters
7. Tropical Fruits H.Y. Nakasone and R.E. Paull
8. Coffee, Cocoa and Tea K.C. Willson
9. Lettuce, Endive and Chicory E.J. Ryder
10. Carrots and Related Vegetable Umbelliferae V.E. Rubatzky, C.F. Quiros and
P.W. Simon
11. Strawberries J.F. Hancock
12. Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums P.W. Bosland and E.J. Votava
13. Tomatoes E. Heuvelink
14. Vegetable Brassicas and Related Crucifers G. Dixon
15. Onions and Other Vegetable Alliums, 2nd Edition J.L. Brewster
16. Grapes G.L. Creasy and L.L. Creasy
17. Tropical Root and Tuber Crops: Cassava, Sweet Potato, Yams and Aroids V.
Lebot
18. Olives I. Therios
19. Bananas and Plantains, 2nd Edition J.C. Robinson and V. Galán Saúco
20. Tropical Fruits, 2nd Edition Volume 1 R.E.Paull and O. Duarte
21. Blueberries J. Retamales and J.F. Hancock
22. Peppers: Vegetable and Spice Capsicums, 2nd Edition P.W. Bosland and E.J.
Votava
23. Raspberries R.C. Funt
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TROPICAL FRUITS,
2ND EDITION, VOLUME II
Robert E. Paull
Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, HI, USA
and
Odilo Duarte
Retired Professor - Escuela Agrícola Panamericana
El Zamorano, Honduras
Now: Professor and Lead Scientist in Agribusiness
CENTRUM Católica Business School
Pontifi cia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Perú
CABI is a trading name of CAB International
CABI CABI
Nosworthy Way 875 Massachusetts Avenue
Wallingford 7th Floor
Oxfordshire OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02139
UK USA
Tel: [phone] T: [phone] (toll free)
Fax: [phone] T: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.cabi.org
© R.E. Paull and O. Duarte 2012. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may
be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the
copyright owners.
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library,
London, UK.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Paull, Robert E.
Tropical fruits / Robert E. Paull and Odilo Duarte. -- 2nd ed.
p. cm. -- (Crop production science in horticulture series ; no. 20)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84593-672-3 (alk. paper)
1. Tropical fruit. I. Duarte, Odilo. II. C.A.B. International. III. Title. IV.
Series: Crop production science in horticulture ; 20.
SB359.P38 2011
634’.6--dc22
2010016776
ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 789 8
Commissioning editor: Sarah Hulbert
Editorial assistant: Chris Shire
Production editor: Simon Hill
Typeset by Columns Design XML, Reading.
Printed and bound in the UK by MPG Books Ltd.
C
ONTENTS
PREFACE vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix
1
ANNONAS: SOURSOPAND ROLLINIA 1
2
BREADFRUIT, JACKFRUIT, CHEMPEDAKAND MARANG 25
3
CARAMBOLAAND BILIMBI 53
4
DURIAN 75
5
GUAVA 91
6
MANGOSTEEN 123
7
RAMBUTANANDPULASAN 139
8
PASSION FRUITAND GIANT PASSION FRUIT 161
9
PALMS 191
v
vi Contents
10
OTHER AFRICAN FRUIT: TAMARIND, MARULAAND ACKEE 223
11
OTHER TROPICAL ASIANAND PACIFIC FRUIT 255
12
AMERICAN FRUIT 303
INDEX 363
P
REFACE
Volume I presented the general aspects of tropical fruit production and
covered the major tropical fruit in international trade such as banana,
pineapple, papaya, mango and avocado. Many other tropical fruit, already
well-known in the tropics, are now appearing in larger temperate city
markets. In this volume, we have selected those that are being increasingly
seen in overseas markets outside of the tropics.
The choice of crops to present in Volume II was the greatest challenge,
especially in the last three chapters dealing with other Asian and Pacifi c,
African and American Fruits. The fruit crops covered in these last three
chapters is the tip of what is available and that have considerable potential as
fruit crops. A number of the chapter fruit sections show the signifi cant gaps
in our knowledge of managing these fruit crops in large orchards and not
backyard production. A major gap is lack of breeding eff ort to develop varieties
suitable for intensive production that have disease and insect resistance, high
yield and desired fruit quality that suit diff erent growing environments and
consumer markets.
We have followed the same chapter layout used in the fi rst edition and
Volume I of this edition. The information in each fruit chapter deals with
taxonomy, varieties, propagation and orchard management, biotic and abiotic
problems, variety development and postharvest handling. The information
contained should be of use to all readers and students interested in an
introductory text on tropical fruit production.
Many have contributed to the endeavour. Encouragement and help of
Henry in this passion came from many and acknowledged in the First and
Second Editions. Numerous comments and suggestions from colleagues
have been incorporated. All errors and omissions are our responsibility. The
illustrations of many of the crops covered in this Volume and for Volume
I were done by Susan Monden in Honolulu. The family of Dr. Jorge Leon
granted us permission to use the fi gures from ‘Botánica de los Cultivos
Tropicales’. Dr. Lionel Robineau, coordinator TRAMIL gave us permission
vii
viii Preface
to use the Hylocereus drawing and Dr. Mike Nagao the use of the Pulasan
picture. Mrs. Meg Coates Palgrave kindly agreed to let us use the Marula
drawing from Trees of Central Africa though we are unable to render it in
colour. The editor of Flore Analytique du Bénin let us use the ackee drawing.
Thanks are also due to the Commissioning Editor Sarah Hulbert and
Christopher Shire at CABI for their assistance and patience during the book’s
development.
We would greatly appreciate receiving all comments and suggestions on
this text. We can be reached at the address in the front of the text or via E-mail
at [email protected] or [email protected].
In closing, we both acknowledge the continued support, assistance,
and love of our wives Nancy and Carla, and our children that enabled us to
complete this undertaking.
Robert E. Paull
Honolulu, USA. 2012
Odilo Duarte
Lima, Peru. 2012
A
CKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support, information, and ideas
supplied by Jeff Anderson, Alton Bailey, Jit Baral, Lou Biad, Chris Biad, Anna
Biad, Judy Bosland, Emily Bosland, Will Bosland, Emma Jean Cervantes,
Danise Coon, Deyuan Wang, Natalie Goldberg, Max Gonzalez, Wendy
Hamilton, Steve Hanson, John Hard, Sue Hard, Jaime Iglesias, Sanjeet Kumar,
Jimmy Lytle, Jo Lytle, Ariadna Monroy, Mary O’Connell, Jaebok Park, Jennifer
Randall, Adrian Rodriquez, Robert Steiner, Ousmane Sy, Betty Terrien,
Nankui Tong, Manju Vishwakarma, Stephanie Walker, April Ulery, Everardo
Zamora, and the Chile team at New Mexico State University.
ix