Table Of ContentT R O P I C A L
FLOWERING
PLANTS
T R O P I C A :
FLOWERIN
PLANTS
A Guide to
Identification
and
Cultivation
Text
and
photography
by
KIRSTEN
ALBRECHT
LLAMAS
TIMBER PRESS
Portland • Cambridge
Copyright © 2003 by Kirsten Albrecht Llamas. All rights reserved.
Half title: Plumeria hybrids. Title page: Neoregelia carolinae 'Meyendorfii'.
Page 27: Etlingem elatior, red form.
Published in 2003 by
Timber Press, Inc. Timber Press
The Haseltine Building 2 Station Road
133 S.W. Second Avenue, Suite 450 Swavesey
Portland, Oregon 97204, U.S.A. Cambridge CB4 5QJ, U.K.
Designed by Susan Applegate
Printed in Hong Kong
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Llamas, Kirsten Albrecht.
Tropical flowering plants: a guide to identification and cultivation/text
and photography by Kirsten Albrecht Llamas.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-88192-585-3
1. Tropical plants. 2. Tropical plants—Identification. 3. Tropical
plants—Pictorial works. I. Title.
SB407.L592003
635'.9523'0222—dc21 2002075651
To
my husband, Roberto
our daughters,
Marcela Teresa Llamas Losh
Tania Cecilia Llamas Cornelison
Sasha Lenora Llamas
our grandson,
Liam Joseph Losh
and to my mother and father,
Josephine Eleanor Farmer Albrecht
Herbert Otto Albrecht
(1899-1977)
CONTENTS
11 Foreword by 41 ADOXACEAE 56 Hippeastrum 70 Tabernaemontana
Richard A. Howard 41 Sambucus 57 Hymenocallis 72 Thevetia
12 Preface 42 AGAPANTHACEAE 57 Proiphys 72 Trachelospermum
15 Acknowledgments 42 Agapanthus 58 Rhodophiala 72 Wrightia
19 Introduction 42 AGAVACEAE 58 Scadoxus 72 APOCYNACEAE
25 US DA Hardiness 42 Agave 58 ANACARDIACEAE formerly AS CLE PI AD AC EAE
Zone Map 47 Furcraea 58 Mangifera 73 Asclepias
47 Yucca 59 Schinus 73 Calotropis
27 Plant Descriptions 48 AIZOACEAE 60 Spondias 73 Cryptostegia
28 ACANTHACEAE 49 Aptenia 60 ANNONACEAE 74 Hoya
28 Acanthus 49 Carpobrotus 60 Annona 74 Orbea
28 Aphelandra 49 Glottiphyllum 61 Artabotrys 75 Stapelia
29 Asystasia 49 Lampranthus 61 Cananga 75 Stephanotis
29 Barleria 50 Trichodiadema 61 Polyalthia 75 AQUIFOLIACEAE
30 Crossandra 50 ALISMATACEAE 62 Rollinia 75 Ilex
31 Dyschoriste 50 Hydrockys 62 APOCYNACEAE 76 ARACEAE
31 Eranthemum 50 Sagittaria 62 Adenium 76 Aglaonema
32 Fittonia 51 ALLIACEAE 63 Allamanda 77 Alocasia
32 Graptophyllum 51 Tulbaghia 64 Alstonia 78 Amorphophallus
32 Hypoestes 51 ALSTROEMERIACEAE 64 Beaumontia 80 Anthurium
32 Justicia 51 Alstroemeria 65 Carissa 81 Caladium
34 Mackaya 52 AMARANTH AC EAE 65 Catharanthus 81 Colocasia
34 Megaskepasma 52 Alternanthera 65 Chonemorpha 82 Cyrtosperma
34 Odontonema 52 Celosia 65 Kopsia 82 Dieffenbachia
35 Pachystachys 52 Iresine 65 Mandevilla 82 Dracontium
35 Pseuderanthemum 53 AMARYLLIDACEAE 66 Nerium 82 Epipremnum
36 Ruellia 53 xAmarcrinum 66 Ochrosia 83 Gonatopus
38 Ruspolia 53 Amaryllis 67 Odontadenia 83 Homalomena
38 Ruttya 53 Clivia 67 Pachypodium 84 Monstera
38 xRuttyruspolia 54 Crinum 68 Pentalinon 84 Philodendron
38 Sanchezia 55 Eucharis 68 Plumeria 85 Pistia
39 Schaueria 56 Eucrosia 69 Prestonia 86 Pothoidium
39 Strobilanthes 56 Habranthus 70 Stemmadenia 86 Spathicarpa
39 Thunbergia 56 Haemanthus 70 Strophanthus 86 Spathiphyllum
87 Syngonium 119 Syagrus 142 Saritaea 169 Casuarina
87 Xanthosoma 120 Thrinax 142 Spathodea 170 CECROPIACEAE
87 Zantedeschia 120 Veitchia 142 Tabebuia 170 Cecropia
88 ARALIACEAE 121 Washingtonia 145 Tecoma 170 CISTACEAE
88 Osmoxylon 122 Wodyetia 146 Tecomanthe 171 Cistus
88 Schefflera 123 Zombia 146 BIXACEAE 171 CLUSIACEAE
89 ARECACEAE 123 ARISTOLOCHIACEAE 146 Bixa 172 Clusia
90 Acoelorrhaphe 123 Aristolochia 147 BORAGINACEAE 172 Mammea
90 Adonidia 124 ASPHODELACEAE 147 Cordia 173 Mesua
90 Aiphanes 124 Aloe 148 Echium 173 COCHLOSPERMACEAE
91 Allagoptera 128 Bulbine 150 Wigandia 173 Cochlospermum
91 Archontophoenix 128 ASTERACEAE 150 BRASSICACEAE 173 COLCHICACEAE
92 Areca 128 Cheirolophus 150 Capparis 174 Gloriosa
92 Astrocaryum 128 Coreopsis 150 Cleome 174 COMBRETACEAE
92 Attaka 129 Dahlia 151 Crateva 174 Bucida
93 Beccariophoenix 129 Montanoa 151 BROMELIACEAE 175 Calopyxis
94 Bentinckia 129 Pericallis 152 Aechmea 175 Combretum
94 Bismarckia 129 Phymaspermum 155 Alantarea 175 Quisqualis
94 Borassus 130 Podachaenium 155 Ananas 176 COMMELINACEAE
95 Srahea 130 Pseudogynoxys 156 Androlepis 176 Cochliostema
96 Butia 130 Senecio 156 Billbergia 176 Dichorisandra
96 Carpentaria 131 Sphagneticola 157 Bromelia 176 Tradescantia
97 Caryota 131 Tagetes 157 Cryptanthus 177 CONVOLVULACEAE
98 Chamaedorea 131 Tithonia 158 Guzmania 177 Argyreia
98 Chambeyronia 132 BALSAMINACEAE 158 Hohenbergia 177 Evolvulus
99 Coccothrinax 132 Impatiens 159 Navia 177 Ipomoea
100 Cocos 133 BEGONIACEAE 159 Neoregelia 179 Jacquemontia
101 Copernicia 133 Begonia 160 Orthophytum 179 Merremia
102 Corypha 134 BERBERIDACEAE 160 Pepinia 179 Poranopsis
102 Cyrtostachys 134 Nandina 161 Pitcairnia 179 CRASSULACEAE
103 Dictyosperma 134 BIGNONIACEAE 161 Portea 180 Aeonium
104 Dypsis 134 Adenocalymna 161 Quesnelia 180 Crassula
105 Elaeis 134 Campsis 161 Tillandsia 180 Kalanchoe
106 Hyophorbe 135 Catalpa 162 Vriesea 182 Sedum
106 Hyphaene 135 xChitalpa 163 CACTACEAE 182 CUCURBITACEAE
107 Latania 135 Clytostoma 163 Cactus Intergeneric 183 Gurania
107 Licuala 135 Crescentia Hybrids 183 Luffa
108 Livistona 136 Cydista 164 Cereus 183 Momordica
108 Lodoicea 136 Delostoma 164 Consolea 183 CYCLANTHACEAE
109 Phoenix 136 Distictis 165 Epiphyllum 183 Carludovica
112 Pritchardia 137 Dolichandrone 165 Hylocereus 184 Dicranopygium
113 Pseudophoenix 137 Jacaranda 165 Opuntia 184 DILLENIACEAE
114 Ptychosperma 139 Kigelia 166 Pereskia 184 Dillenia
114 Raphia 139 Macfadyena 167 Schlumbergera 184 Hibbertia
115 Ravenea 139 Mansoa 167 CANELLACEAE 185 DIOSCOREACEAE
115 Reinhardtia 140 Markhamia 167 Canella 185 Dioscorea
115 Rhapis 140 Newbouldia 167 CANNACEAE 185 EBENACEAE
116 Roystonea 140 Pandorea 168 Canna 185 Diospyros
117 Sabal 140 Parmentiera 168 CAPRIFOLIACEAE 186 ERICACEAE
118 Schippia 141 Podranea 169 Lonicera 186 Rhododendron,
118 Serenoa 141 Pyrostegia 169 CASUARINACEAE Vireya Group
8 CONTENTS
186 EUPHORBIACEAE 217 Erythrina 236 Neomarica 254 Abutilon
186 Acalypha 220 Gliricidia 236 Trimezia 254 Alyogyne
187 Aleurites 220 Hebestigma 236 Watsonia 254 Anisodontea
187 Antidesma 221 Kennedia 236 LAMIACEAE 255 Gossypium
188 Breynia 221 Lonchocarpus 237 Leonotis 255 Hibiscus
188 Cnidoscolus 221 Millettia 237 Orthosiphon 258 Kosteletzkya
188 Codiaeum 221 Mucuna 237 Plectranthus 258 Malva
189 Dalechampia 221 Periandra 238 Salvia 258 Malvaviscus
189 Elaeophorbia 222 Poitea 238 Scutellaria 259 Pavonia
189 Euphorbia 222 Sesbania 238 LAMIACEAE, 259 Sida
193 Jatropha 222 Sophora formerly VERBENACEAE 259 Thespesia
194 Macaranga 222 Spartium 238 Clerodendrum 260 Wercklea
194 Manihot 223 Strongylodon 241 Congea 260 MALVACEAE, formerly
194 Phyllanthus 223 Tipuana 241 Cornutia BOMBACACEAE
195 Ricinus 223 Uraria 242 Gmelina 260 Adansonia
195 FABACEAE 223 Vigna 242 Holmskioldia 260 Bombax
195 FABACEAE, Subfamily 224 FLACOURTIACEAE 242 261 Ceiba
CAESALPINIOIDEAE 224 Banara 243 263 Ochroma
195 Amherstia 224 Casearia 243 LAURACEAE 264 Pachira
196 Bauhinia 224 Oncoba 243 Persea 265 Pseudobombax
199 Brownea 225 Samyda 243 LECYTHIDACEAE 265 Quararibea
200 Caesalpinia 225 GELSEMIACEAE 244 Barringtonia 266 MALVACEAE, formerly
201 Cassia 225 Gelsemium 244 Couroupita STERCULIACEAE
203 Colvillea 225 GENTIANACEAE 244 Gustavia 266 Abroma
203 Delonix 225 Fagraea 245 LEEACEAE 266 Brachychiton
205 Moullava 226 GERANIACEAE 245 Leea 267 Dombeya
205 Parkinsonia 226 Geranium 245 LINACEAE 268 Helicteres
205 Peltophorum 226 Pelargonium 245 Reinwardtia 268 Kleinhovia
206 Saraca 227 GESNERIACEAE 246 LOMANDRACEAE 268 Pterospermum
207 Schotia 227 Episcia 246 Cordyline 269 Sterculia
207 Senna 227 Gloxinia 246 LYTHRACEAE 269 Theobroma
209 Tamarindus 227 Streptocarpus 246 Cuphea 269 MALVACEAE,
210 FABACEAE, Subfamily 227 GOODENIACEAE 247 Duabanga formerly TILIACEAE
MIMOSOIDEAE 228 Scaevola 247 Ginoria 270 Berrya
210 Acacia 228 HAEMODORACEAE 247 Lagerstroemia 270 Grewia
211 Adenanthera 228 Anigozanthos 249 Lawsonia 270 Luehea
211 Albizia 228 HAMAMELIDACEAE 249 Punica 270 MARANTACEAE
212 Archidendron 228 Loropetalum 249 MAGNOLIACEAE 271 Calathea
213 Calliandra 229 HELICONIACEAE 249 Magnolia 271 Maranta
213 Ebenopsis 229 Heliconia 250 Michelia 272 MELASTOMATACEAE
214 Inga 234 HEMEROCALLIDACEAE 250 MALPIGHIACEAE 272 Dissotis
214 Lysiloma 234 Hemerocallis 250 Bunchosia 272 Heterocentron
214 Mimosa 234 HYACINTHACEAE 251 Byrsonima 272 Medinilla
214 FABACEAE, Subfamily 234 Eucomis 251 Callaeum 273 Melastoma
PAPILIONOIDEAE 234 HYPOXIDACEAE 252 Galphimia 274 Sonerila
215 Brya 234 Molineria 252 Hiptage 274 Tetrazygia
216 Butea 235 IRIDACEAE 252 Malpighia 274 Tibouchina
216 Cajanus 235 Aristea 253 Stigmaphyllon 276 MELIACEAE
216 Chadsia 235 Chasmanthe 253 Tristellateia 276 Melia
217 Clitoria 235 Crocosmia 253 MALVACEAE 276 MENYANTHACEAE
217 Crotalaria 235 253 Abelmoschus 276 Nymphoides
