Transport of Dangerous Goods: Methods and Tools for Reducing the Risks of Accidents and Terrorist Attack

255 Pages·2012·5.52 MB·English

by  Emmanuel Garbolino

Transport of Dangerous Goods
NATO Science for Peace and Security Series
This Series presents the results of scientifi c meetings supported under the NATO
Programme: Science for Peace and Security (SPS).
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Series C: Environmental Security
Transport of Dangerous Goods
Methods and Tools for Reducing
the Risks of Accidents and Terrorist Attack
edited by
Emmanuel Garbolino
MINES ParisTech, CRC
Sophia Antipolis, France
Mohamed Tkiouat
Université Mohammed V-Agdal
Rabat, Morocco
Natalia Yankevich
National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
Minsk, Belarus
and
Dalanda Lachtar
MINES ParisTech, CRC
Sophia Antipolis, France
Published in Cooperation with NATO Emerging Security Challenges Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on
Risk Prevention for Environment and Human Society against Dangerous
Goods Transport Accidents and Malicious Intents: Methods and Tools
Paris, France
5–9 July 2010
Library of Congress Control Number: 2011945772
ISBN 978-94-007-2686-4 (PB)
ISBN 978-94-007-2683-3 (HB)
ISBN 978-94-007-2684-0 (e-book)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-007-2684-0
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
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Foreword
Emmanuel Garbolino, Mohamed Tkiouat,
Natalia Yankevich, and Dalanda Lachtar
The transport of goods is signifi cantly increasing because of the globalization of
exchanges across the world. This increase also concerns the Dangerous Goods
Transport (DGT) that could be in different modes like roads, boats, trains, airplanes,
pipelines, etc. Although the probability of accident in the DGT is very low, the
consequences can be qualifi ed as “major” when the event affects a great number of
people, buildings, infrastructures, ecosystems and environmental resources. Some
examples of such accidents, concerning hazardous materials, are boat accidents
(Torrey Canion in 1967; Amoco Cadiz in 1978; Erika in 1999 etc.), road accidents
(Los Alfaques in 1978) or train accidents (Viareggio in 2009). DGT accidents can
be also caused by malicious acts such as trucks’ explosions (Kandahâr 2003; Kabul
2009; Moussayib 2005; Mossul 2007; Bagdad 2005; Djerba 2002 etc.).
The risk related to the transportation of dangerous goods is a delicate risk, even
a complex one, because it is distributed in the whole network and it depends on
multiple factors such as the traffi c concentration, the weather conditions, the
occurrence of undesirable events (accidents on the infrastructure, natural hazards
etc.), the state of the transport infrastructure, the behaviour of the driver, the
E. Garbolino • D. Lachtar
MINES ParisTech , Crisis and Risk Research Centre (CRC) ,
1 rue Claude Daunesse, BP 207, 06904 Sophia Antipolis , France
e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected]
M. Tkiouat
LERMA, Ecole Mohammadia d’Ingénieurs ,
Université Mohamed V Agdal , Rabat , Morocco
e-mail: [email protected]
N. Yankevich
Laboratory of Working Processes and Safety of Technical Systems, Joint Institute
of Mechanical Engineering of National Academy of Sciences of Belarus ,
12, Academicheskaya str, 220072 Minsk , Belarus
e-mail: [email protected]
v
vi Foreword
diversifi cation of the means of transport, the political situation of the state, the
international level, etc.
A DGT event can thus occur on very different territories according to the nature
of the stakes that are exposed to the consequences of the event, such as highly
urbanized, industrialized or touristic areas, or even low anthropized surroundings
(natural parks, Natura 2000 sites, etc.). Besides, the diversity of the transported
hazardous material brings forth an additional level of complexity in the apprehension
of this risk. The phenomena that may happen (fi re, explosion, toxic atmospheric
release, etc.) depend on the characteristics of the hazardous material.
One of the diffi culties of risk governance of DGT concerns the complexity of
“DGT system”. It is expressed through the relationships among the various stake-
holders contributing to different levels of responsibility in the prevention of risks
and crisis management. It is thus possible to distinguish between the following main
groups of stakeholders with well defi ned activities and objectives. The objectives of
the groups could be complementary or even antagonistic for some of them:
– The supply chain of hazardous material composed of the industries who produce
the hazardous material, the ones who load the material and the shipping compa-
nies that convey the material, the industrialists who use, and the vendors who
distribute the material. The priority is given to fi nancial interests;
– The public authorities and the local governments that have to ensure the viability
of the networks and to protect the citizens and the environment from the conse-
quences of the DGT accidents. Their mission is to defi ne the plans of intervention,
the possible local regulation measures to avoid or limit the situations at risk, and
the measurements of urbanization’s control;
– Residents located near the transport infrastructures, the people in charge of the
Establishments Receiving Public (ERP – hospitals, sports centers, supermarkets,
etc.), the users and the citizens who must be preserved from the consequences of
the DGT accidents;
– The stakeholders who are not directly involved in the DGT risks, but play a role
at various levels: insurance companies, media, trade unions, associations, infor-
mation centers on risks, and fi nally, the researchers who produce methods, tools
and analyses, which may concern the various stakeholders.
In the context of DGT risk and crisis management challenges, this book encom-
passes the complexity of the “DGT system” in order to provide information and
methods regarding the following issues:
– The global strategy to regulate and control the DGT fl ows, and provide a refl ection
frame to secure theses fl ows;
– The risk defi nition and the estimation methodologies of DGT events on a territory
with reference to the specifi c elements that characterize the territory, the transport
means, the infrastructure, etc.;
– The assessment methodology for analyzing the consequences on the environment
and the population in case of a DGT accident or malicious act;
Foreword vii
– The route optimization and planning in order to reduce the accident occurrence
and to mitigate the consequences on the environment and the population;
– The supply chain risk management dedicated to DGT;
– The crisis planning and decision support for DGT accident or malicious acts.
The editors are very grateful to the contributors of this book, who shared their
original and practical points of view on this subject. We hope that this knowledge
will be useful to the public and private decision makers, to help them taking into
account the risks associated with the DGT. The editors and the authors also want to
express their acknowledgements to the NATO “S cience for Peace and Security
Programme ” committee for its support and for its fruitful suggestions.

Contents
1 Dangerous Goods Transportation and Biophysical
Vulnerability: The Contribution of GIS
and Simulation Softwares ......................................................................... 1
Emmanuel Garbolino and Dalanda Lachtar
2 Legislative Context and Governance Principles
for Dangerous Goods Transportation (DGT)
Integrated Risk Management .................................................................. 45
Gianmarco Baldini, Carmelo Di Mauro, Jean Pierre Nordvik,
and Vincent Mahieu
3 Technical and Functional Standards to Provide
a High Quality Service for Dangerous
Good Transport on Road .......................................................................... 75
Mauro Benza, Chiara Bersani, Massimo D’Incà,
Claudio Roncoli, and Roberto Sacile
4 Dangerous Goods Transportation and Risk
Management: A Cost-Benefi t Analysis Approach ................................. 95
Mohamed Tkiouat
5 Mobile Object Framework and Fuzzy Graph
Modelling to Boost HazMat Telegeomonitoring .................................... 119
Azedine Boulmakoul and Adil El Bouziri
6 Multi-path Multi-criteria Routing of Hazardous
Materials in Time-Dependent Networks ................................................. 151
Solmaz Haji Hosseinloo, Urszula Kanturska,
Michael G.H. Bell, and Achille Fonzone
7 Adaptation of Graph and Game Theories
to Reliability Problems ............................................................................. 167
Natalia Yankevich
ix
x Contents
8 An Expected Risk Model for Rail
Transport of Hazardous Materials .......................................................... 207
Morteza Bagheria, Manish Vermab, and Vedat Verter
9 Transportation and Storage of Spent
Nuclear Fuel: Security and Theory ......................................................... 227
Barseghyan Artak and Martoyan Gagik