Transplantation of the liver

1569 Pages·2015·33.088 MB·English

by  Busuttil, Ronald W., Klintmalm, Goran B.

TRANSPLANTATION
OF THE LIVER
Third Edition
Ronald W. Busuttil, MD, PhD
William P. Longmire, Jr., Chair in Surgery
Distinguished Professor and Executive Chairman
UCLA Department of Surgery
Chief, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles, California
Göran B.G. Klintmalm, MD, PhD
Chief and Chairman
Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant Institute
W.W. Caruth Chair in Organ Transplant Immunology
Professor of Surgery, Texas A&M College of Medicine
Vice Chair, Department of Surgery
Division Chief, Transplant Surgery
Dallas, Texas
1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.
Ste 1800
Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899
TRANSPLANTATION OF THE LIVER, THIRD EDITION ISBN: 978-1-4557-0268-8
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Transplantation of the liver (Busuttil)
Transplantation of the liver / [edited by] Ronald W. Busuttil, Göran B.G. Klintmalm. -- Third edition.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4557-0268-8 (hardback : alk. paper)
I. Busuttil, Ronald W., editor. II. Klintmalm, Göran B., editor. III. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Liver Transplantation. 2. Liver Diseases--surgery. WI 770]
RD546
617.5’5620592--dc23
2014037966
Executive Content Strategist: Michael Houston
Content Development Manager: Joan Ryan
Publishing Services Manager: Anne Altepeter
Project Manager: Jennifer Nemec Moore
Design Direction: Lou Forgione
Printed in the United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
C
ontributors
Kareem Abu-Elmagd, MD, PhD Lars Bäckman, MD, PhD
Professor of Surgery Professor of Surgery
Digestive Disease Institute Director, Transplantation Surgery
Transplantation Center Uppsala University Hospital
Cleveland Clinic Uppsala, Sweden
Cleveland, Ohio Organ Allocation: The European Models
Leukocyte Chimerism—Meaning and Consequences
Talia B. Baker, MD
Chul-Soo Ahn, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Surgery
Professor of Surgery Northwestern University
Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Director, Living Donor Liver Transplant
Asan Medical Center Comprehensive Transplant Center
Ulsan University College of Medicine Chicago, Illinois
Seoul, South Korea Minimally Invasive Living Donor Hepatectomy
Dual Grafts for Transplantation
William F. Balistreri, MD
Reza Allamezadeh, MD Professor of Pediatrics and Medicine
Clinical Instructor Director, Pediatric Liver Care Center
Department of Medicine Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
Nephrology Division Children’s Hospital Medical Center
Kidney Transplant Program Cincinnati, Ohio
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Transplantation for Cholestatic Liver Disease
Los Angeles, California in Children
Renal Failure in Adults
Rafael Bañares, MD
Estella M. Alonso, MD Professor and Head of Medicine
Professor of Pediatrics Liver Unit
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
Medical Director Faculty of Medicine
Liver Transplant Program Complutense University of Madrid
Chicago, Illinois Madrid, Spain
General Criteria for Pediatric Transplantation Current Clinical Status of Extracorporeal Devices
Maria H. Alonso, MD Angeles Baquerizo, MD, PhD
Associate Professor Transplant and Hepatobiliary Surgeon
Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery Scripps Center for Cell and Organ Transplantation
University of Cincinnati La Jolla, California
Surgical Director Current Clinical Status of Extracorporeal Devices
Kidney Transplant Program
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Lokesh Bathla, MD
Cincinnati, Ohio Fellow, Section of Transplant Surgery
Transplantation for Hepatic Malignancy in Children University of Nebraska Medical Center
Omaha, Nebraska
Nancy L. Ascher, PhD Intestinal and Multivisceral Transplantation
Professor and Chair
Department of Surgery William Bennet, MD, PhD
Isis Distinguished Professor in Transplantation Senior Surgeon
Leon Goldman, MD, Distinguished Professor in Director of Liver Transplantation
Surgery Transplant Institute
Division of Transplant Surgery Sahlgrenska University Hospital
University of California, San Francisco Gothenburg, Sweden
San Francisco, California Organ Allocation: The European Models
Rejection After Transplantation
v
vi Contributors
Marina Berenguer, MD Sherilyn Gordon Burroughs, MD
University Valencia Assistant Professor of Surgery
Department of Medicine Weill-Cornell Medical College
Hepatology and Liver Transplantation Unit General Surgery and Organ Transplantation
La Fe Hospital and CIBEREHD Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation
National Network Center for Hepatology and The Methodist Hospital
Gastroenterology Research Houston, Texas
Hospital Universitario La Fe Donor Selection and Management
Valencia, Spain
Transplantation for Hepatitis C Ronald W. Busuttil, MD, PhD
William P. Longmire, Jr., Chair in Surgery
Gabriela A. Berlakovich, MD Distinguished Professor and Executive Chairman
Associate Professor UCLA Department of Surgery
Department of Surgery Chief, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
Division of Transplantation David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Medical University of Vienna Los Angeles, California
Vienna, Austria Surgical Anatomy of the Liver; Influence of Transplantation
Organ Allocation: The European Models on Liver Surgery; Transplantation for Cholangiocarcinoma;
Transplantation for Biliary Atresia in Children; Management
Jorge A. Bezerra, MD of Portal Hypertensive Hemorrhage; Extended Criteria
Professor of Pediatrics Donors; Recipient Hepatectomy and Grafting; Arterial
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Reconstruction; Portal Vein Thrombosis and Other Venous
Nutrition Anomalies; Retransplantation; Situs Inversus and Polysplenia
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Syndrome; Graft Failure; Arterial Complications After
Cincinnati, Ohio Transplantation; Outcome Predictors in Transplantation;
Transplantation for Cholestatic Liver Disease in Children Long-Term Functional Recovery and Quality of Life;
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Liver Transplantation
Jacob L. Bilhartz, MD
Fellow, Division of Gastroenterology Juan Carlos Caicedo, MD
Department of Pediatrics Assistant Professor of Surgery
University of Michigan and C.S. Mott Children’s Northwestern Memorial Hospital
Hospital Northwestern University
Ann Arbor, Michigan Chicago, Illinois
Transition of Pediatric Patients to Adulthood Minimally Invasive Living Donor Hepatectomy
Robert S. Brown, Jr., MD Andrew M. Cameron, MD
Frank Cardile Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics Associate Professor
(in Surgery) Department of Surgery
Columbia University College of Physicians and Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions
Surgeons Baltimore, Maryland
Medical Director, Transplant Initiative Management of Portal Hypertensive Hemorrhage
New York-Presbyterian, Morgan Stanley Children’s
Hospital Jeffrey Campsen, MD
Columbia University Medical Center Assistant Professor of Surgery
Director, Center for Liver Disease and Division of Transplant Surgery
Transplantation University of Utah Health Sciences Center
New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Salt Lake City, Utah
Medical Center Transplant-Related Malignancies
New York, New York
Current Indications, Contraindications, Delisting Criteria, Elizabeth J. Carey, MD
and Timing for Transplantation Assistant Professor of Medicine
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Andrew Burroughs, MD Mayo Clinic Arizona
Professor of Hepatology Scottsdale, Arizona
The University of London Monitoring and Care
Consultant Physician and Hepatologist
Royal Free Hospital Ian C. Carmody, MD
London, United Kingdom Associate Professor of Surgery
Organ Allocation: The European Models Transplant Services
Ochsner Medical Center
New Orleans, Louisiana
Treatment of Acute and Chronic Rejection
Contributors vii
J. Michael Cecka, MD Ana J. Coito, PhD
Professor Professor of Surgery
Director of Clinical Research Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Research Center
UCLA Immunogenetics Center Department of Surgery
Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, California
Los Angeles, California Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Liver Transplantation
ABO, Tissue Typing, and Crossmatch Incompatibility
Thomas Collins, MD
See-Ching Chan, MBBS, MS, PhD Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery
Professor Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Surgery
Department of Surgery Director of Surgical Skills Lab
University of Hong Kong Transplant Fellowship Program Director
Hong Kong, China Director of Liver Transplant
Outcomes of Living Donor Transplantation: The Eastern University of Iowa
Perspective; Adult Living Donor Right Hepatectomy and Iowa City, Iowa
Recipient Operation Donation After Cardiac or Brain Death: Regulatory and
Ethical Principles
Michael Charlton, MD
Professor of Medicine Jeffrey S. Crippin, MD
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Professor of Medicine
Mayo Clinic and Foundation Marilyn Bornefeld Chair in Gastrointestinal Research
Rochester, Minnesota and Treatment
Transplantation for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Internal Medicine
Washington University School of Medicine
Ali Cheaito, MD St. Louis, Missouri
Assistant Professor of Surgery Transplantation for Sclerosing Cholangitis
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles, California David C. Cronin II, MD, PhD, MHCM
Arterial Complications After Transplantation Professor
Department of Surgery
Pauline W. Chen, MD Medical College of Wisconsin
Clinical Instructor Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Department of Surgery Ethics in Living Donor Transplantation
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Surgeon Gabriel M. Danovitch, MD
Dumont-UCLA Liver Cancer Center Professor of Medicine
and Transplant Center Department of Medicine
Los Angeles, California Nephrology Division
Treatment of Acute and Chronic Rejection Medical Director
Kidney Transplant Program
Srinath Chinnakotla, MD David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Associate Professor Los Angeles, California
Department of Surgery Renal Failure in Adults
University of Minnesota Medical School
Minneapolis, Minnesota Gary L. Davis, MD
Graft-Versus-Host Disease Professor of Medicine
Director, General and Transplant Hepatology
Ruben Ciria, MD Medicine
Fellow, King’s Healthcare Partners Baylor Healthcare System and Baylor University
Kings College Hospital FT NHS Trust Medical Center
Institute of Liver Studies Dallas, Texas
London, United Kingdom Natural History of Hepatitis C; Recurrent Hepatitis C
Auxiliary Transplantation After Transplantation
Pierre-Alain Clavien, MD, PhD Gloria de la Rosa, MD, PhD
Professor and Chairman Medical Doctor
Department of Surgery Spanish National Transplant Organization
Division of Visceral and Transplant Surgery Madrid, Spain
University Hospital Zurich Organ Allocation: The European Models
Zurich, Switzerland
Principles of Liver Preservation
viii Contributors
Anthony J. Demetris, MD Douglas G. Farmer, MD
Professor Professor of Surgery
Department of Pathology Liver Transplant Surgery
University of Pittsburgh Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Los Angeles, California
Histopathology of Liver Transplantation; Leukocyte Situs Inversus and Polysplenia Syndrome
Chimerism—Meaning and Consequences
Constantino Fondevila, MD, PhD
Joseph DiNorcia, MD General Surgery
Assistant Professor of Surgery Hospital Clinic
Division of Hepatobiliary, Pancreas, and Abdominal Barcelona, Spain
Organ Transplantation Extracorporeal Perfusion for Resuscitation of Marginal Grafts
Keck School of Medicine of USC
Los Angeles, California John L.R. Forsythe, MBBS, MD
Extended Criteria Donors Transplant Unit
Consultant Transplant Surgeon
John P. Duffy, MD Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh
Hepatobiliary and Abdominal Transplant Surgeon Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Nazih Zuhdi Transplant Institute Organ Allocation: The European Models
Integris Baptist Medical Center
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Alyson N. Fox, MD
Arterial Reconstruction; Long-Term Functional Recovery Assistant Professor of Medicine
and Quality of Life Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation
New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical
Francisco A. Durazo, MD Center
Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine and Surgery New York, New York
Digestive and Liver Diseases Current Indications, Contraindications, Delisting Criteria,
Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center and Timing for Transplantation
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California Ira J. Fox, MD
Unusual Indications for Transplantation Professor of Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Bijan Eghtesad, MD Director, Center for Innovative Regenerative Therapies
Staff Surgeon Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC and the
Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary/Liver Transplant Surgery McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Cleveland, Ohio Liver and Hepatocyte Xenotransplantation
Leukocyte Chimerism—Meaning and Consequences;
Graft-Versus-Host Disease Joel E. Frader, MD, MA
A Todd Davis Professor of Academic General Pediatrics
Jean C. Emond, MD Professor of Medical Humanities and Bioethics
Professor of Surgery Department of Pediatrics
Vice Chair and Chief of Transplantation Feinberg School of Medicine
New York-Presbyterian Hospital Northwestern University
Columbia University Medical Center Chicago, Illinois
New York, New York Ethical Decisions in Transplantation
Postoperative Care of Pediatric Transplant Recipients
Emily M. Fredericks, PhD
Carlos O. Esquivel, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Pediatrics
Professor of Surgery and Chief Division of Child Behavioral Health
Division of Abdominal Transplantation Surgery University of Michigan and C.S. Mott Children’s Hospital
Stanford School of Medicine Ann Arbor, Michigan
Stanford, California Transition of Pediatric Patients to Adulthood
Survival and Quality of Life in Children
James M. Fulmer, MD
Sheung Tat Fan, MS, MD, PhD, DSc Staff Radiologist
Sun C.Y. Chair Professor of Surgery Baylor University Medical Center
Department of Surgery American Radiology Associates, PA
The University of Hong Kong Dallas, Texas
Hong Kong, China Transplantation for Primary Hepatic Malignancy;
Outcomes of Living Donor Transplantation: The Eastern Transplantation for Budd-Chiari Syndrome
Perspective
Contributors ix
John J. Fung, MD, PhD Michael D. Green, MD, MPH
Chairman of the Digestive Disease Institute Professor
Cleveland Clinic Pediatrics, Surgery, and Clinical and Translational
Cleveland, Ohio Research
Leukocyte Chimerism—Meaning and Consequences University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Juan F. Gallegos-Orozco, MD Pretransplantation Evaluation: Infectious Disease
Assistant Professor of Medicine
Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Rick Harrison, MD
Nutrition Medical Director
University of Utah Health Sciences Center Mattel Children’s Hospital UCLA
Salt Lake City, Utah Department of Pediatrics
Transplant-Related Malignancies University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, California
Juan Carlos García-Valdecasas, MD Postoperative Intensive Care Management in Children
Professor of Surgery
General Surgery Jeanette M. Hasse, PhD, RD, LD, FADA, CNSC
Hospital Clinic Transplant Nutrition Manager
Barcelona, Spain Baylor Annette C. and Charles C. Simmons Transplant
Extracorporeal Perfusion for Resuscitation of Marginal Institute
Grafts Baylor University Medical Center
Dallas, Texas
Till Gerling, MD, PhD Nutritional Aspects of Transplantation in Adults
Medical Staff
Eurotransplant International Foundation Nigel D. Heaton, MD
Leiden, The Netherlands Professor of Transplant Surgery
Organ Allocation: The European Models King’s Healthcare Partners
Kings College Hospital FT NHS Trust
R. Mark Ghobrial, MD Institute of Liver Studies
Director, Liver Center London, United Kingdom
Chief, Liver Transplantation Surgery Auxiliary Transplantation; Split Liver Transplantation
Director, Immunobiology Research Center for Pediatric and Adult Recipients
The Methodist Hospital System
Houston, Texas Amelia J. Hessheimer, MD, PhD
Donor Selection and Management Resident
General Surgery
Antoinette S. Gomes, MD Hospital Clinic
Professor of Radiological Sciences and Medicine Barcelona, Spain
Radiological Sciences Extracorporeal Perfusion for Resuscitation of Marginal
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Grafts
Los Angeles, California
Radiological Evaluation in Transplantation Jonathan R. Hiatt, MD
Professor of Surgery
Stevan A. Gonzalez, MD Vice Dean for Faculty
Division of Hepatology Vice Chair for Education
Department of Medicine Surgery
Annette C. and Harold C. Simmons Transplant David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Institute Los Angeles, California
Baylor All Saints Medical Center Influence of Transplantation on Liver Surgery
Dallas, Texas
Natural History of Hepatitis C Curtis D. Holt, Pharm D
Clinical Professor
Elisa J. Gordon, PhD, MPH Department of Surgery
Research Associate Professor Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
Comprehensive Transplant Center David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Los Angeles, California
Medicine Infections After Transplantation
Chicago, Illinois
Ethical Decisions in Transplantation
x Contributors
Johnny C. Hong, MD Fady M. Kaldas, MD
Associate Professor of Surgery Assistant Professor of Surgery
The Mark B. Adams Chair in Surgery, Hepatobiliary Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation
Surgery, and Organ Transplantation Department of Surgery
Chief, Division of Transplant Surgery David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Department of Surgery Los Angeles, California
Medical College of Wisconsin Extended Criteria Donors
Director, Solid Organ Transplantation Joint Program at
Medical College of Wisconsin-Froedtert Health- Igal Kam, MD
Children’s Hospital of Wisconsin-BloodCenter of Professor of Surgery
Wisconsin Division of Transplant Surgery
Milwaukee, Wisconsin University of Colorado, Denver
Transplantation for Cholangiocarcinoma; Outcome Aurora, Colorado
Predictors in Transplantation; Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Living Donor Transplantation: Evaluation and Selection
in Liver Transplantation in Adults
Abhinav Humar, MD Burnett “Beau” S. Kelly, Jr., MD, MBA
Professor of Surgery Assistant Professor
Department of Surgery Surgery
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Vanderbilt University
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Nashville, Tennessee
Split Liver Transplantation for Two Adult Recipients Donor Selection and Management
Samar H. Ibrahim, MD Vandana Khungar, MD
Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition Fellow in Transplant Hepatology
Children’s Hospital Medical Center Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases
Cincinnati, Ohio Columbia University College of Physicians and
Transplantation for Cholestatic Liver Disease in Children Surgeon
Center for Liver Disease and Transplantation
Toru Ikegami, MD New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical
Assistant Professor Center
Department of Surgery and Science New York, New York
Graduate School of Medical Sciences Current Indications, Contraindications, Delisting Criteria,
Kyushu University and Timing for Transplantation
Fukuoka, Japan
Small-for-Size Syndrome Khalid Khwaja, MD
Senior Staff Surgeon
Mohamad H. Imam, MD Lahey Clinic Medical Center
Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Burlington, Massachusetts
Mayo Clinic Organ Allocation: The U.S. Model
Rochester, Minnesota
Transplantation for Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Kevin King, RN, BSN, CCTC
Adult Post–Liver Transplant Coordinator
Yukihiro Inomata, MD, PhD Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplant
Professor and Chairman Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center
Department of Transplantation and Pediatric Surgery Los Angeles, California
Kumamoto University Role of the Posttransplant Clinical Nurse Coordinator
Kumamoto, Japan
Living Donor Transplantation in Children Milan Kinkhabwala, MD
Professor of Surgery
Sally E. Jensen, PhD Chief, Division of Transplantation
Research Assistant Professor Director, Abdominal Transplantation
Medical Social Sciences Montefiore Medical Center
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois New York, New York
Ethical Decisions in Transplantation Surgical Anatomy of the Liver
Sheila Jowsey, MD
Assistant Professor of Psychiatry
Psychiatry and Psychology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
Psychiatric Assessment of Transplant Candidates