Transducers and Arrays for Underwater Sound

735 Pages·2016·10.095 MB·English

by  John L. Butler, Charles H. Sherman (auth.)

Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing
John L. Butler
Charles H. Sherman
Transducers
and Arrays for
Underwater
Sound
Second Edition
Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing
Editor-in-Chief
WilliamM.Hartmann,EastLansing,USA
EditorialBoard
YoichiAndo,Kobe,Japan
WhitlowW.L.Au,Kane’ohe,USA
ArthurB.Baggeroer,Cambridge,USA
NevilleH.Fletcher,Canberra,Australia
ChristopherR.Fuller,Blacksburg,USA
WilliamA.Kuperman,LaJolla,USA
JoanneL.Miller,Boston,USA
AlexandraI.Tolstoy,McLean,USA
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DianaDeutsch,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego
TimothyF.Duda,WoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution
RobinGlosemeyerPetrone,ThresholdAcoustics
MarkF.Hamilton,UniversityofTexasatAustin
WilliamM.Hartmann,MichiganStateUniversity
JamesF.Lynch,WoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution
PhilipL.Marston,WashingtonStateUniversity
ArthurN.Popper,UniversityofMaryland
MartinSiderius,PortlandStateUniversity
AndreaM.Simmons,BrownUniversity
NingXiang,RensselaerPolytechnicInstitute
WilliamYost,ArizonaStateUniversity
John L. Butler • Charles H. Sherman
Transducers and Arrays
for Underwater Sound
Second Edition
JohnL.Butler CharlesH.Sherman
ChiefScientist ImageAcoustics,Inc.
ImageAcoustics,Inc. Cohasset,MA,USA
Cohasset,MA,USA
ISSN2364-4915 ISSN2364-4923 (electronic)
ModernAcousticsandSignalProcessing
ISBN978-3-319-39042-0 ISBN978-3-319-39044-4 (eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-39044-4
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016943832
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Series Preface for Modern Acoustics and Signal Processing
Inthepopularmind,theterm“acoustics”referstothepropertiesofaroomorother
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To Nancy

Preface to Second Edition
This second edition presents the theory and practice of underwater sound electro-
acoustic transducers and arrays as developed during the last half of the twentieth
centuryandintotheinitialpartofthetwenty-firstcentury.Thissecondeditionhas
beenreorganizedintoaformsuitableforstudentsaswellasengineersorscientists
who use or design transducers and arrays and includes new design concepts,
analysis,anddata.
Comprehensive coverage is presented on the subject of transducers and arrays
forunderwatersound.Themostimportantbasicconceptsofelectroacoustictrans-
duction are introduced in Chap. 1, after a brief historical review and a survey of
some ofthe manyapplications of transducers and arrays. Chapter2describesand
compares the six major types of electroacoustic transducers, presents additional
transducer concepts and characteristics, and introduces the equivalent circuit
method of transducer analysis. Chapter 3 describes the principal methods of
transducer modeling, analysis, and design, including an introduction to the finite
element method. Chapter 4 gives further discussion of the most important trans-
ducercharacteristics.
Chapters5–8containthemainbodyofresultsonmoderntransducersandarrays.
Chapters5and6covertransducersasprojectors,whichproducesound,andtrans-
ducers as hydrophones, which receive sound, including many details of specific
transducerdesignsastheyareusedincurrentapplicationsaswellasnewdesigns.
Chapters7and8explainthebenefitsofcombininglargenumbersoftransducersin
arraysthatoftencontainhundredsofindividualtransducers.Theselargearraysare
necessary in many sonar applications, but they introduce other problems that are
also discussed and analyzed. Chapter 9 is a summary of the major methods of
measurementusedfortheevaluationoftransducerandarrayperformance.
Chapter 10 presents the basic acoustics concepts and analysis necessary for
determining those acoustical quantities, such as directivity patterns and radiation
impedance,whichareessentialtotransducerandarrayanalysisanddesign.Italso
includes useful results for such quantities in several typical cases. Chapter 11
extends the discussion of acoustical quantities by introducing more advanced
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