Three new mygalomorph spider genera from Thailand and China (Araneae)

19 Pages·1995·7.6 MB·English

THREENEWMYGALOMORPH SPIDERGENERA FROM THAILAND ANDCHINA
(ARAENAE)
ROBERTJ.RAVENANDPETERJ. SCKWENDINGER
Raven,R.J.&Schweninger,P.J. 1995 1201:Threenewrnygalornorphspidergenera From
Thailand and China (Aranae). Memoirs ofthe QueenslandMuseum 38(2). 623-641. Bn*
bane, ISSN0079-8835.
Threenewmygalomorpbgeneraandfournewspeciesaredescribed:Angkagen.nov.,Angka
hexopssp. nov., a cyriauchcniid from Thailand; nemesiids* Sinopesa gen, nov Sinopesa
maculatasp,nov, fromThailandandSinopesaguangxisp.nov.fromChina;and,adiplund.
Leptothelegen.notv. Lbenchasp.nov.,fromThailand.Genericlimits,cladisticassessments
t
and systematic placements wiihin the3 familiesarediscussed, notes onnatural history are
given. A character initially considered diagnostic in Phyxioschema suthepium Raven &
Schwendingeris shown to be variable, Mygalomorphae, Angka, Sinopesa, Leptothele
,
China, Tfuiiland.
RobertJohnRaven, QueenslandMuseum, POBox3300,South Brisbane, Queensland*JOI.
Australia;PeterJ.Schwendinger,InstituteofZoology<kLimnology, UniversityofInnsbruck,
Technikerstr. 25, A-6020Innsbruck, Austria;, 28August1995.
Inbiodiversity studies, it is customary to com- mystery of that uniqueness and quickly bridged
pare faunal diversities of regions and countries the gap. Here we address further exciting new
withoneanother.Judgedbyanearlycatalogueof species of initially uncertain taxonomic status
spiders (e.g. Roewer, 1942), the mygalomorph discovered in Thailand. Relationships became
faunaofThailandhasbeenpoorly represented(2 clearbysearchingforsistertaxa. Foreachspecies
theraphosids and 1 atypid). The reasons are his- anew genusis established; inone, anew species
torical. Early arachnologists focused their col- from China isalso included. The new taxa show
lecting efforts on British and other European new relationships among southeast Asian and
colonies.Theprotractedabsenceofharshwestern Australian mygalomorphs.
techniques forlandusenodoubtensured thatthe
biodiversity ofThailand was not so heavily af- MATERIALS AND METHODS
fecteduntilWorldWarIIbutequally itwas little
known. The prolonged absence of a country so AbbreviationsarestandardfortheAraneaeand
rich and diverse as Thailand from phylogenetic followRaven(1994).Numberofstructuresonthe
and biogeographic studies of spiders has led to oppositebodysidearegiveninparentheses. Mea-
significant weaknesses in such analyses. Wide surements, ifnototherwise indicated,are in mm;
discontinuities in both form and space invite ex- total length includes chelicerac. Colour is de-
planationsofrapidevolution intheknown fauna, scribedfromalcoholpreservedspecimens unless
and the intrusion of major barriers and/or cata- noted Museum Acronyms: MCZ, Museum of
clysmicextinction. Theeffect, however, is prob- ComparativeZoology,HarvardUniversity,Cam-
ably no more detrimental than inadequately bridge, Massachussets; MHNG, Museum
funded taxonomy in key regions like India* and d'Histojre naiurelle. Geneve; NHMW,
wassuccinctly demonstratedinthe New Zealand Naturhistorisches Museum, Wien;QM, Queens-
area by Sphenodon (Daughcrly et al.. J990) land Museum, Brisbane, Collectors: AP. A.
where subspecies becameextinct because ofthe Payne;PJS, PJ. Schwendinger.
limited taxooomic study on the genus.
SYSTEMATICS
This paper is one of several (by PJS with
others) on the spiders ofthe rich forestsofThai-
land and highlights these points. The FamilyCYRTAUCHENJ1DAESimon
Aganippinae were thought to be highly
specialised endemic Australian taxa (e,g. Main. Relationships
1981) with the closest relatives being the Indian This group was given family status first by-
genysine genus Scalidognathux Karsch, 1878 Raven (1985) who radically restructured the
(Raven, 1985) ThedescriptionofProthemenops Mygalomorphae.OnlyColoboff(1993)hassince
Schwendinger, 1991 fromThailand removed Ihe addressedtheweaknessesofthefamily tenuously
624 MEMOIRS OFTHEQUEENSLANDMUSEUM
constituted by Raven (1985). Goloboffs fine Maxillaenarrow,ventralsurfacenotdistended.
analysis used a rigorous method and exhaustive Labiumshort;posteriorsternalsigillasmall,mar-
tested alternatives. Golobofffound only some of ginal. Legs armed with spines, also on dorsal
Raven's groups could be supported but that tibiae and metatarsi ofposterior legs. Legs of 5
"Raven (1985) was impressively close to an op- scopulate. Transverse ridges on trichobothrial
timal solution". However, Goloboff(1993) con- bases confined to upper ledge (Fig. 4A). Tarsal
cluded that "the present results were too organ low. Female with 2 rows of teeth on all
preliminary to warrant nomenclatural changes". pairedclaws(Fig.3A,D).PMSverysmall.Meta-
Hence, the classification of Raven is followed tarsiof6 legImodified(Fig.6H).Malepalpwith
here. dorsal spines on tibiaand tarsus; bulb with cork-
screw-shapedembolus (Fig. 6C, D).
Angka gen. nov.
Description
Type Species Carapacewide, glabrous; cephalic partwide in
Angka hexopssp. nov. front and moderately arched (Fig. 6A, F( J).
Groupof6eyes,notontubercle,occupies 1/3-1/4
of head width at that point, no PME. Fovea
Diagnosis slightly procurved, deep, transverse, narrow.
Closely related to Kiama Main & Mascord, Chelicerarobust,withteethonlyonpromarginof
1969 but only 6 eyes (Fig. 61), a narrow fovea fang groove; rastellum absent. Maxillae moder-
(Fig. 6A) and much smallerPMS (Fig. 6K). atelywide,with flatventralsurfaceandfewspin-
FIG. 1.OccurrenceofAngkahexopssp.nov.,Leptorhelebenchasp. nov.,Sinopesamaculatesp.nov.inThailand
andS. guangxisp. nov. inChina.
. .
NEW MYGALOMORPH GENERA FROMTHAILAND & CHINA 625
I
H
FIG 2. A-C.Habitus. A, B.Angka hexopssp.nov. A,juvenile a . B. 8.C,Leptothelebenchasp. nov., 9
die-shaped cuspules on probasal corner. Labium Distribution
wide,short,nocuspules. Sternum almostaswide As for species.
as long; labiosternal suture a broad groove; all
sternalsigillasmall,marginal.Legslong,slender; IncludedSpecies
cuticleofdistallegsegmentswithfinereticulated Angka hexops sp. nov.
texture (Fig- 5B). Strong spines ventrally on all
tibiaeandmetatarsi andondorsalsideoflegsIII, Relationships
IV and on palpal tibia and tarsus. Leg tarsi as- ThesearchforthesistergroupofAngkabegins
pinose. Scopula lighton legtarsi anddistal meta- by eliminating alternatives. Several
tarsi ofI, II. No preening combs. Trichobothrial mygalomorph families have strong au-
collar with transverse ridges only along upper tapornorphiesnotpresentinAngka.Twopossible
ledge (Fig. 5B). Tarsal organ low, withdetached
families with close affinities are Nemcsiidae and
lowmoundsnearby(Fig.4A). Pairedtarsalclaws Cyrtaucheniidae. The arched cephalic area and
with2rowsofseverallongjuxtaposedcylindrical
reducedeyetubercleclearlyassociateAngkawith
teeth,lessnumerousandlongon III, IV(Fig. 3A, the Cyrtaucheniidae. No nemesiids with such
D).Unpairedclawbare,shortandhooked.Abdo-
men pale, no pattern. Booklung apertures with deepand rounded maxillae arc known. The sim-
mvearnyyssmeatlale;oPnLtSissluoenjgu,stapiincsaildejoeinnttrandciegist.iPfoMrmS. i1l9ar8l1ybelaenvdateFdigt.ar5saCl)oragnadnsAonfgKkiaat(nFaig(.se4eAR)a,vetnh,e
elevatedcaputandsessileeyes, the wideshapeof
Pumkiniform spigotsabsent.
the maxillae, and leg spinalion indicate they are
Male: strong spines but no coupling spur on sistergroups.Differencesbetweenthetwoarenot
tibia I (Fig. 6G); metatarsus I sigmoid, aspinose phylogeneticallycontradictory.Thestronglypro-
and narrowed in its basal half(Fig. 6B, G); bulb curved fovea of Kiama is plesiomorphic for the
pyriform, with long slender corkscrew-shaped Rastelloidina (Raven, 1985) and its large sternal
embolus (Fig. 6C. D)- No intercheliceral tumes- sigillaaresimplyautapomorphic. Inbothgenera,
cence. thespermathecaeare bilobed"1 +1" (seeRaven.
Vulva with 2 spermathecae, each divided into 1985), 6 lack a tibial spur, and the spiders are
twoanteriorlobes,theouteronesbranching from light coloured, not dark as for many burrowing
the distal portion of the spermatheca and bent mygalomorphs.
towardstheanterior(Fig. 6L).
BIOGEOGRAPHY
Etymology AlthoughAngkaand the Australian Kiamaare
From the type locality, Doi Angka Luang, the consideredsistergroups, thesuggestionthattheir
old nameofDoiInthanon; ang kaThai, meaning occurrence in Australia arose by invasions
crow's bowl. (Doi = mountain, luang = large, through New Guinea (e.g. according to Main,
great). 1981, 1982,QueenslandwasinvadedbyidiopiiN
626 MEMOIRSOFTHEQUEENSLANDMUSEUM
FIG. 3. A-F,Tarsalclaws, lateralviews. A, D,Angkahexopssp. nov. A, 6,legI.D, 9, legIV. B, C,Sinopesa.
BTS. maculatasp. nov., 6, legIV. C,S. guangxisp. nov., <5,legIV. E, F,Leptothelebencha sp.nov., 9, leg
I.E, allclaws. F,unpairedclaw.
NEWMYGALOMORPH GENERA FROM THAILAND&CHINA 627
FIG.4.A-E,tarsalorgan,andtrichobothrialbase,dorsalviews.A,Angkahexopssp.nov., 6\legI.B-D.Sinopesa.
B, C, S. guangxisp. nov,, 3, leg IV,B, trichobothrium andbase, C,tarsal organ. D,S. maculaia sp. nov., 6*,
legIV.E, Leptothelebenchasp. nov., 9,legI.
theraphosids, andsome barychelids)lacks merit. Tropics World Heritage Area (WHA), in north-
The taxonomy, distributions, and family place- eastern Australia. Queensland Museum database
ments of mygalomorphs in Main (1982) were records (unpublished) list 9 mygalomorph fami-
tentative and some wereconfused. Hexathelidae lies and 24 genera from the Wet Tropics WHA:
(notably theAtracinae) arenotknown fromNew Actinopodidae (Missulena), Barychelidae (Idi-
Guinea. Main (1982) noted doubts in locality octiSyIdionunata^Mandjelia,Moruga,Ozicrypta,
records of the Chevert Expedition (Rainbow, Trittame, Tungari, Zophorame), Ctenizidae
1920). In fact, thecombination ofmygalomorph (Conothele), Dipluridae (Cethegus, Masteria,
generalisted from Bradley's Chevert material is Natnirea), Hexathelidae (Hadronyche) Idi-
,
exactly that ofhis home suburb in Sydney, Aus- opidae(Cataxia,Homogona,Misgolas),Migidae
tralia. (Migas), Nemesiidae {Aname, Chenistonia,
Mygalomorph genera known from New Named) and Theraphosidae {Phlogiellus,
Guinea are fromBarychelidae (Nihoa, Selenocosmia, Selenotypus), Hence, the known
Monodontium; Raven, 1994), Ctenizidae (Con- mygalomorph fauna of New Guinea can be re-
othele; Main, 1982),Dipluridae(MasteriaKoch, garded as depauperate. Also, theterrestrial com-
1873; Raven, 1979) or Theraphosidae ponent of New Guinea is geologically young,
(Selenocosmia, Phlogiellus, Coremiocnemis; having been pushed up in the Oligocene by the
QueenslandMuseumrecords).Asimilarlybotan- collision of the Australian and Asian plates
ically diverse region as New Guinea is the Wet (Raven&Axelrod, 1972).Thethreemostdiverse
628 MEMOIRSOFTHEQUEENSLANDMUSEUM
o
7
0.
FI6G..A5,.tAr-iGc,hoibroitchhroibuotmh&riablasbeas.eC,anwdicluhttiacrlsea,loobrlgiaqnue&dcourtsiacllevi.Bew.,AAn,gkCiitKheixaompaslsap.chnrovy.m,oio*d,elseMgaI.iDn,&E,MAacsocnotridu,s
species, 6, D, leg I, trichobothrial base, dorsal view. E,claws, lateral view. F, G, Leptothelebencfmsp. nov.,
F,serrula,axialview.G, maxilla, ventral view.
mygalomorph families in Australia (Idiopidae, Australia. Equally, few Australian
Nemesiidae,Barychelidae)areeitherabsent(Idi- mygalomorphsshowaffinitieswithOrientaltaxa
opidae, Nemesiidae) or far less diverse indicative of dispersal. Large Australian the-
(Barychelidae: 3 genera vs 10 in Eastern Aus- raphosids of the genera Selenocosmia and
tralia). Significantly, Idiopidae and Nemesiidae Phlogiellus are widespread through northern
occur west of Wallace's Line but not east until AustraliaandarefoundalsoinNewGuinea,parts
,1
NEWMYGALOMORPH GENERA FROMTHAILAND& CHINA 629
ofthe Pacific and southeast Asia. The enigmatic absent. PLE 0.14; AME-AME 0.15, AME-ALE
minute litter mygalomorph Masteria is known 0.08,PLE-PLE0.77, ALE-PLE0.08.
from the Philippines, through the Pacific (north- Chelicerae porrect, broad, with broad band of
cm Australia, New Guinea, Fiji, and New Cale- stiffblack bristlesdorsally andnarrowerbandof
donia) to South and Central America (Raven, shorter bristles laterally. Intercheliceral tumes-
1979, 1991). The group probably predates the cenceand rastelhim absent; rastellar region with
breakup of Gondwanaland. The cieni/id Con- finebristlesonly.Furrow promarginwith 12( 1 3
othele occurs through the western Pacific and teeth,basomesallywith3tinydenticles.Maxillae
much of northern Australia. In the Australian broad, 1,64 long infront,2.40behind, 1.20wide,
Barychelidae (Raven, 1994), only the Indo-Pa- with21-25cuspulesin smallprolateral-proximal
cific genera Sason and Idioctis (Raven, 1986, corner; heel rounded; anterior lobe indistinct.
1988) occuron both sides ofWallace's line. Semila region with small low scales. Labium
Onealternativeforthiswidelysplitdistribution 0.60long, 1.00wide; no cuspules-
oftheCyrtaucheniidae lies in India's northward Sternum 2.60 long, 2.60 wide; sigilla distinct,
raft carrying part of the fauna including the an- oval, marginal. LabiosternaJ suture, two tear-
cestral sister group of both Kiatna and Angka. shaped sigillajust touching medially.
Afterthe separation,each genus diverged. Legformula4123. Eightthornspinesonventral
and prolateral tibia 1. Leg I much thicker than
(FigsA]n,g2kAa, Bh,ex3oAp,sDsp;.4nAo?v,5B, 6) cIoMmVb.sMaebsteantta.rsAunslcr1ioslriglhetglytarssiigsmloiighdt.lyPsrpeienndilneg-
shaped, all aspiuose. Scopula light on tarsi and
MATERIA!. EXAMINED distal metatarsioflegs1, II, Spines: I, fe pi,dlw
Holotype: QMS4167, 6\ Doi Inthanon, 18°33N. pa 0, ti p2, v4 +- 2 megaspines, me 0; II, fe p3.
9lPa8/n°sd2,R8A*1TE8N.TAE2pS5r;3-20Q3mMSMal2at9yit2u17d9e4.8,7C.hsPiaJamSne.gdMaaliaParsovhionlcoel,vpTeh:ai-9 dp2l,w,dlp,arl0.f ptiapp3L. vti3.p2m,edlp.Kr2v.7v;7,IIIm,efpe4a,llrw4,eavk6,;
IV,fedl,rl,parl,tip3,r2,v7.mep4r3v7;palp,
N66H.MWJ.9. I penultimate 6\ 13 Jan 1993. MHNG. fe pi, pa 0, ti p3 v6, cymbium 6. Trichobotbria
on legs I-IV and palp: tarsi 8-10 in zig-zag row,
Etymology metatarsi 10-11 inone straight row.tibiae6-9 in
twoproximallydivergentrows.Pairedclawswith
Greek, hexa(six), and ops(eye).
tworows of8-11 teeth; unpairedclawsbare.
Leg and palp measurements;
Diagnosis
As forgenus. I II 111 IV Palp
Femur 4.75 4.25 3.75 4.68 3.06
Description Patella 2.81 231 2.12 2.12 1.75
Holotype male QMS4167: Tola) length, 12.5. Tibia 3JM 3.31 2.43 3 50 2.18
Carapace 5.2 long.4.9 wide. Abdomen 5.6 long, Metatarsus 3.31 2.M 3.18 4.50 -
Tarsus 1.8*7 168 1.68 1,87 0.96
3.7 wide. HA9
Total 16.68 13 16 16.67 6.03
Carapace orange brown, cbeticerae, palps and
mleegnIernetdirberloywpna,lloitdhyeerllleogwsborroanwgne,bporsotwenrioArblduon-g BuPlablppaylrtiafrosnuns,sepminboosleu,swiltohngtwaondrosulnenddeedr,lowbietsh.
covers with tiny dark patches atbases ofsetae. corkscrew-shapedlip.
Carapacebroadwith many longbrown bristles PMSsmall.027long, 13 wide.PLS2 I long:
on lateral and posterior margins, posterior inter- apical segment digitiform. 0.87 and 0.45 mid-
strial ridges, in fovealregion,alongantcromedial width, median 0.50. basal 0.77 long
ridge, on clypeus, between PME. and on caput Panvvprfemale QMS29274: Tola! length, in-
behindeye group. Pars cephalica broad, arched. cludingchelicera 15.Carapace4.9long.4.0wide.
Foveadeep,slightly procurved, 0.94wide, occu- Abdomen 7 4 long, 4,7 wide. As in 6 except:
piesca. IV5 ofcarapace width atthatpoint.Clyp- Body generally pale yellow brown, chelicera
eus very narrow, 0.25 wide. and sternum slightly darker.
Eyes six, PMEabsent, lateral eyesevanescent, Carapace glabrous with distinct black bristle
unpigmented;tubercleabsent, AMEoncommon along margins and on caput Caput more dis-
mound. Group0.42 long,front width 1.07, back tinctlyraisedthanin 6,highest Wellbehindeyes.
width 1.10, occupiesca. 1/3 ofheadwidth. Sizes Foveaslightly procurved, 0.9 wide,occupies 1/4
and interdistanccN: AME 0.20, ALE 0.21, PME ofcarapace width at that point
630 MEMOIRSOFTHEQUEENSLANDMUSEUM
Fig. 6. A-L.Angkahexops sp. nov_ A-I, 6*. J-L, 2, A, body (no legs), dorsal view. B, tibia and metatarsus, I,
ventralright,ventralview.C,D,palpaltibia,tarsusandbulb.C,ventral view.D,prolateralview.E,cbelicerae,
sternum,maxillaeandlabium,ventralview.F,carapace,lateralview.G,leg1,ventralright,prolateralview.H,
metatarsus [, dorsal view. I, eyes dorsal view. J, carapace, lateral view. K, spinnerets, ventral view. L,
spermathecae,dorsalview.Scale lines= 1.0mm(A-K),0.1mm(L).
Eye group 0.26 long, front width 0.85, back on left side, PLE 0.06; AME-AME 0.09, AME-
width 0.84,occupiesca. 1/4ofheadwidth atthat ALE0.08, PLE-PLE0.69, ALE-PLE0.05.
AME Chelicerae strong, 2.3 long, no rastellum; fur-
point. Only distinct; others small, translu-
row with 13 teeth on promargin and 2(3)
cent. Sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE basomesal denticles. Maxillae 1.2 wide, front
PME
0.14, 0.04, very indistinct and presentonly length 1.6, back length 2.1, withca, 30cuspules
-
NEW MYGALOMORPH GENERA FROMTHAILAND&CHINA 631
ondistinctmoundonprolateral-proximal corner. FamilyNEMESIIDAE Simon
Labium0.5long, 1.0wide;nocuspules. Sternum Subfamily ANAMINAESimon
2.2long,2.2 wide. Posteriorsigilladistinct,ovaL
0.25 long; others indistinct, submarginal. Sinopesagen. nov.
Lee and palp measurements:
m
i n iv paip Type Species
Femur 3.5 3.1 2_S 3.7 3.0 Sinopesa macuiata sp. nov.
Patella 2.1 1.9 1.7 1.9 1.6
Tibia 2.7 2.2 1.9 2,6 1.8 Diagnosis
Metatarsus 1.9 1.9 2.3 3.2 SinopesaisclosetoEntypesaSimon. 1902.but
Tarsus 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.7 differs in lacking posterior median spinnerets
Total 11.6 10.5 10.1 13.1 8.1 (Figs7J, 8B)anda serrula;in cJ, thepalpal tarsus
Leg formula 4123. All tarsi apinose. Scopula is short (Fig. 7D-F), metatarsus I modified (Figs
light on tarsi and distal metatarsi of leg I, IT. 7K, 8E), and the intercheliceral tumescence is
Spines: I, ti v3(4t),me v6; Hf ti v4. pl(2)f me v7, absent.
pi; ID, ti v4(5), rl(2), p2(3), dl, me v7, r3, p3,
dl; IV,ti v6(weak), rl, pi, dl. me v7, r3, p2(3), Description
dl; palp, ti v6. la v3. Trichobothria on legs I-IV Carapace glabrous, narrow in front, caput a
(palp): tarsi 10-12 (7-8) in a zig-zag row, meta- little higherthan thoracic region in 6 (Fig. 7B).
tarsi 9-11 in one straight row, tibiae 7-11 (7) in clearly arched and higher in 9 (Fig. 7C). Eight
two proximally divergent rows. Claws with two eyes on low but distinct tubercle. Fovea deep,
rows of 6-8 cylindrical teeth, confined to basal very narrow, transverse and slightly recurved.
portion of paired claws; unpaired claws bare. Cheliceraweak, with teeth onlyonpromargin of
Palpal claw with prolateral row of6teeth. fang furrow Intercheliceral tumescence and
PMS 0.3 long, PLS 1.9 long: apical segment rastellum absent. Maxillae long, narrow, with
digitiform,0.6. median 0.5, basal 0.8 long, distinct posterior heel and few cuspules on pro-
Spermathecae two, each divided into short basalcorner,notonmound;noserrula.Labioster-
innerlobeand longer, bentouterlobe. nal suture a broad groove Sternum wide, wiih
small,marginalsigilla(Figs7M. 8D). Legslong,
slender stronglyarmedwithspinesonpatellaeto
Variation
6Chaarvaepaocnee lPeLnEgtrhsedoufce<dJ..T4.h8e-6j.u1ve(nni=l1e0)5.sShoomwes dmtaierststaiatlaarssmpiei,tnaoetsxaecr.espiSt.cooNnpoudloarpsrwaeleeansikidnegonocfotlamerbgsiss.II,,IPUfa.iLarenegdd
smallpigmentationwherethe left PMEwouldbe claws with 2 rows of several long, cylindrical
PsiMtuEateodc.cuInrsthoenmtahteurleeft$si,dae.reducedcorneaofihe bteeentth.;Taurnspaaliroerdgacnllawowb(aFrieg,.q4uBi-tDe).loTnrgicahnodboltihttrl-e
ia! base with transverse ridgesconfined toupper
Distribution, Habitat& Burrow Icdge(Fig.4B).Legcuticle with fine *caly sculp-
Knownonly fromcloud forestnearthesummit ture (Fig. 4C D). Abdomen with or without pat-
ofDoi Inthanon (2565m), Chiang M;ii Province, tern. PMS absent; PLS long, apical article
Thailand.Femaleandjuvenileswerefoundunder digitiform (Figs 7J, 8A, B). Males with large
rotten logson theforestfloor; 6 were trapped in spines but no spuron tarsus 1; metatarsus 1 sig
pitfalls. In captivity, the mature 9 built a 6cm moid, narrowed in its basal half, with one dis-
longburrow withoutanysilklining.Theonlysilk toventral spine (Figs 7H, K, L, 8E). o palp with
observedwasathinwebspunontothesubstratum spines on tibia and dorsal tarsus. Embolus pyri-
beforetheburrowwasmade.Nootherspecimens form.withlong,slender, moreorlesscorkscrew
were observed to produce silk or construct a shaped embolus tip (Figs 7D-F, 8C).
burrow. Two possibilities emerge: the spiders
may inhabittemporary retreats and possibly for- Etymology
age on the ground. Vagrant females, however, The generic name is an arbitrary combination
were not caught in any of the 5 pitfalls at the ofletters. The genderis feminine.
locality during the 14 month study. Or, as in the
case ofXamiatus ruhrifrons Raven. 1981, only Included Species
small amounts of web may be used to line the Sinopesa macuiata sp. nov.
burrow(Raven, 1981b). Sinopesaguangxi Sp. nov.
632 MEMOIRSOFTHEQUEENSLAND MUSEUM
Fig. 7. A-M. Sinopesa maculata sp- nov., C, G, I, Jf 9; rest, 6. A,body no legs, dorsal view. B,C, carapace,
lateral view. B, S. C, 9. D, palpal tibia, tarsus and bulb. D, E, retrolateral view, F, prolateral view. G,
spermathecae,dorsalview.H, legT, retrolateralview.1,J,abdomen, 9. I,dorsal, J.ventral. K,metatarsusI, S,
dorsal view. L, tibiaand metatarsus I, retrovenrral view. M, chelicerae, sternum, maxillaeandlabium, ventral
view. Scale lines= 1.0mm,exceptG,0.1mm.
Sinopesamaculata sp. nov. ETYMOLOGY
Latin, tnaculatus, spotted.
MaterialExamined
Holotype: QMS6207, <}, Doi Inlhanon, 18°33'N, Description
98°28'E,2300maltitude,ChiangMai Province.Thai- Holotype male QMS6207: Total length, 7.7.
land. 14Jul-20 Aug 1987; PJS. Carapace3.4 long, 3.0 wide. Abdomen 3.4 long.
JuPla-r2a0tAyupghi19Q8M7S&622008A.ug1 9-8.2O3ctMa19y871,98P7J;S,3M6HoN\G1,4 2.3 wide.
NHMW. Prosoma, legsand palpsbrown; abdomenlight
brown, with dark dorsal and ventral (less pro-
Diagnosis nounced) pattern and dark brown posterior lung
Males of S. maculata are much smaller than covers (Fig. 7J).
those ofS, guangxi sp. nov., have a dark pattern Caput low, narrow. Fovea short, slightly re-
dorsally and ventralIy and the embolus tip is curved, 0.25 wide, occupies c. 1/12 ofcarapace
distinctlycorkscrew-shaped. width at that point (Fig. 7A).