Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies

372 Pages·1990·36.38 MB·English

by  Carl A. K. Borrebaeck

Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
THERAPEUTIC
MONOCLONAL
ANTIBODIES
Edited by
Carl Borrebaeck
A.K.
w.
lames Larrick
M
stockton
press
New York London Tokyo Melbourne Hong Kong
© Stockton Press, 1990
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1990
All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without permission.
Published in the United States and Canada by Stockton Press
15 East 26th Street, New York, N.Y. 10010
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies / edited by Carl
Borrebaeck and James Larrick.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 978-1-349-11896-0 ISBN 978-1-349-11894-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-11894-6
1. Monoclonal antibodies-Therapeutic use. 2. Monoclonal
antibodies-Synthesis. 1. Borrebaeck, Carl A. K., 1948-
II. Larrick, James.
[DNLM: 1. Antibodies, Monoclonal-therapeutic use. QW 575 T398]
RM282.M65T49 1990
615' .37 -dc20
DNLMIDLC
for Library of Congress 90-9885
CIP
Published in the United Kingdom by
MACMILLAN PUBLISHERS LTD, 1990
BruneI Road, Houndmills, Basingstroke,
Hants RG21 2XS, England
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
1. Man. Monoclonal Antibodies
1. Borrebaeck, Carl A. K. 1948- II. Larrick, James
616.793
ISBN 978-0-333-53544-8
U.K. ISBN# 978-0-333-53544-8
U.K. ISBN# 978-0-935859-78-2
987654321
Contributors
Paul G. Abrams Salvatore Cammisuli
NeoRx Corporation Preclinical Research
Bothell, Washington, U.S.A. Sandoz Ltd.
Basel, Switzerland
Samuel K. Ackerman
Xoma Corporation Jonas Carlsson
Berkeley, California, U.S.A. BioInvent International
Lund, Sweden
Peter Amiot
Department of Immunology Roland Carlsson
Royal Free Hospital BioInvent International
Medical School Lund, Sweden
London, U.K.
Maria J. Coloma
Jenny M. Bator Exploratory Research
The University of Texas Genelabs Inc.
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Redwood City, California, U.S.A.
Houston, Texas, U.S.A.
F. Taha Comezoglu
Peggy A. Bradshaw NeoRx Corporation
Department of Pathology Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanley J. Cryz Jr.
Stanford, California, U.S.A.
Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute
Jim Brown Bern, Switzerland
Microbiological Associates Inc.
Lena Danielsson
Rockville, Maryland, U.S.A.
Department of Immuno-
Urs Bruderer technology
Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute Lund University
Bern, Switzerland Lund, Sweden
v
vi Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
David Emanuel Hirofumi Hamada
Bone Marrow Transplant Service Cancer Chemotherapy Center
Department of Pediatrics Japanese Foundation for Cancer
Memorial Hospital Research
New York, New York, U.S.A. Tokyo, Japan
Paul H. Ehrlich John Hannigan
Sandoz Research Institute Xoma Corporation
Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp. Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
Hanover, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Ingegerd Hellstrom
Steven K. A. Foung Oncogene Inc.
Department of Pathology Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
Stanford University School of Medicine Karl-Erik Hellstrom
Stanford, California, U.S.A. Oncogene Inc.
Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
Jan-Erik FrOdin
Department of Oncology and Immuno Reiko Irie
logic Research Laboratory Division of Surgical Oncology
Karolinska Hospital UCLA School of Medicine
Stockholm, Sweden Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Kirk E. Fry Bruce B. Jarvis
Exploratory Research University of Maryland
Genelabs Inc. Department of Chemistry and
Redwood City, California, U.S.A. Biochemistry
College Park, Maryland, U.S.A.
Emil Fuerer
Tamotsu Koyama
Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute
Bern, Switzerland Department of Cell Biology
Teijin Institute for Biomedical Research
Jorge V. Gavilondo Hino-City, Tokyo, Japan
Center for Genetic Engineering
Ada H. C. Kung
and Biotechnology
Xoma Corporation
La Habana, Cuba
Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
Cristina Glad
Alois B. Lang
BioInvent International AB
Swiss Serum and Vaccine Institute
Lund, Sweden
Bern, Switzerland
D. Goossens Ron Manger
Head of Laboratory NeoRx Corporation
National Institute of Blood Transfusion Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
Paris, France
Yasuhiko Masuho
Kenneth Gorelick Department of Cell Biology
Xoma Corporation Teijin Institute for Biomedical Research
Berkeley, California, U.S.A. Hino-City, Tokyo, Japan
Samuel E. Halpern Yoh-ichi Matsumoto
University of California San Diego Department of Cell Biology
Cancer Center Teijin Institute for Biomedical Research
San Diego, California, U.S.A. Hino-City, Tokyo, Japan
CONTRIBUTORS vii
Hakan Mellstedt Ivor Royston
Department of Oncology and Immuno- University of California San Diego
logic Research Laboratory Cancer Center
Karolinska Hospital San Diego, California, U.S.A.
Stockholm, Sweden
Elizabeth A. Saria
Alton C. Morgan Jr. Xoma Corporation
NeoRx Corporation Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
Satoshi Sasaki
Inge Nilsson Department of Cell Biology
BioInvent International AB Teijin Institute for Biomedical
Lund, Sweden Research
Hino-City, Tokyo, Japan
Mats Ohlin
Department of Immuno- Patrick Scannon
technology Xoma Corporation
Lund University Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
Lund Sweden
Martin Schrappe
Lars Ostberg Research Institute of Scripps Clinic
Sandoz Research Institute La Jolla, California, U.S.A.
Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corp.
Gowsala Sivam
Hannover, New Jersey, U.S.A.
NeoRx Corporation
Barbara A. Parker
Seattle, Washington, U.S.A.
University of California San Diego
Michael Steinitz
Cancer Center
San Diego, California, U.S.A. Department of Pathology
The Hebrew University
Mepur H. Ravindranath
Hadassah Medical School
Division of Surgical Oncology Jerusalem, Israel
University of California
Tohru Sugano
Los Angeles School of Medicine
Department of Cell Biology
Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.
Teijin Institute for Biomedical
Christopher L. Reading
Research
The University of Texas Hino-City, Tokyo, Japan
M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Department of Hematology and Sara Tamir
Tumor Biology Department of Pathology
Houston, Texas, U.S.A. The Hebrew University
Hadassah Medical School
Ralph A. Reisfeld
Jerusalem, Israel
Division of Tumor Immunology
Research Institute of Scripps Clinic Takami Tomiyama
La Jolla, California, U.S.A. Department of Cell Biology
Teijin Institute for Biomedical
Phillippe Rouger
Research
National Blood Group Reference
Hino-City, Tokyo, Japan
Center
National Institute of Blood Transfusion Patrick Trown
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Xoma Corporation
Paris, France Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
viii Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
Takashi Tsuruo Nancy Wedel
Cancer Chemotherapy Center Xoma Corporation
Japanese Foundation for Cancer Berkeley, California, U.S.A.
Research
Tokyo, Japan
Preface
Fifteen years have passed since the first description of monoclonal antibod
ies (Mabs) by Kohler and Milstein. During this time thousands of Mabs
have been generated against a variety of targets and a number of books
on production technology have been published. Despite the relative ease of
producing murine antibodies, the original promise of Mab technology for
the generation of novel therapeutic molecules is just now being recognized.
This late acknowledgement has mainly been caused by technology-related
problems with the generation of human Mabs and with the selection of tar
gets for mouse Mabs. This book provides a sampling of work describing
some of the most promising therapeutic Mabs today.
The initial chapters, contributed by the editors, describe some recent
advances that may facilitate the generation of therapeutic human Mabs: in
vitro immunization, use of SCID mice, and advances in recombinant an
tibodies. These are followed by chapters on "second generation Mabs,"
i.e., bispecific Mabs and Mab conjugates. Several chapters are devoted
to Mabs being developed for cancer therapy, including chapters on ther
apeutic Mabs for melanoma, various carcinomas, anti-idiotypic vaccines,
radioimmunotherapy, immunoconjugates, and the multiple drug resistance
gene product. Antisera have long been known to provide protection for vi
ral and bacterial infections, and particularly exciting is the replacement of
these sera with the therapeutic human Mabs for the treatment of infectious
diseases. Three chapters are devoted to antibacterial Mabs with emphasis
on the anti-endotoxin Mabs, and an additional three chapters are devoted to
anti-viral Mabs. Therapeutics for the treatment of viral diseases are woefully
ix
x Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies
inadequate, and Mabs offer a particularly attractive therapeutic alternative.
Almost 30 years have passed since the licensing of anti-Rh antisera for the
treatment of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Progress in the generation
of human anti-red cell Mabs to replace these difficult-to-obtain antisera is
described. Finally, a chapter has been contributed on a Mab for immunomod
ulation, anti-CD-7. In addition to these chapters that describe therapeutic
Mabs, two chapters-one devoted to the large-scale production of Mabs
and the second devoted to regulatory issues surrounding the introduction of
these reagents into the clinic-round out the presentations; both are very
important issues that tend to be forgotten during the attempts to produce
therapeutically optimal Mabs.
In summary, this volume presents the work describing some of today's
most promising therapeutic Mabs. Although we have not been able to survey
all of the therapeutic Mabs headed into the clinic, we believe we have
presented a representative number to give the reader an understanding of the
diversity in this rapidly moving field.
Carl A. K. Borrebaeck James W. Larrick
Professor of Immunotechnology Director of Exploratory Research
Lund University Genelabs, Inc
Lund, Sweden Redwood City, CA