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THE WEST IN THE WORLD
From the Renaissance
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THE WEST IN THE WORLD
From the Renaissance
FIFTH EDITION
Dennis Sherman
John Jay College
City University of New York
Joyce Salisbury
University of Wisconsin–Green Bay
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Published by McGraw-Hill Education, 2 Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121. Copyright © 2014 by McGraw-Hill
Education. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Previous editions © 2011, 2008, and
2006. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in
a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education, including, but not
limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper.
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carrying backpack outdoors, © Paul Bradbury/Getty Images
The Library of Congress has cataloged the single-volume edition of this work as follows
Sherman, Dennis.
The West in the World : A History of Western Civilization / Dennis Sherman, John Jay College,
City University of New York; Joyce Salisbury, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay. —Fifth edition.
pages cm.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-340703-6 (complete edition : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-07-340703-8 (complete edition : alk. paper)
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-750447-2 (volume 1 : alk. paper)
ISBN-10: 0-07-750447-X (volume 1 : alk. paper)
[etc.]
1. Civilization, Western—History—Textbooks. I. Salisbury, Joyce E. II. Title.
CB245.S465 2014
909’.09821—dc23
2013018435
The Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion of a website does
not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill Education, and McGraw-Hill Education does not
guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites.
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S
R
O
H
T
U
A
E
H
Dennis Sherman Joyce Salisbury T
T
D ennis S herman is Professor of History at John Jay J oyce S alisbury is Professor Emerita of History at the
U
College, the City University of New York. He received University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, where she taught
his B.A. (1962) and J.D. (1965) degrees from the history to undergraduates for more than twenty O
University of California at Berkeley and his Ph.D. years. She received a Ph.D. in medieval history from
B
(1970) from the University of Michigan. He was Visit- Rutgers University in New Jersey. She is a respected
ing Professor at the University of Paris (1978–1979, historian who has published many articles and has A
1985). He received the Ford Foundation Prize Fellow- written or edited more than ten books, including
ship (1968–1969, 1969–1970), a fellowship from the the critically acclaimed P erpetua’s Passion: Death
Council for Research on Economic History (1971– and Memory of a Young Roman Woman, The Blood of
1972), and fellowships from the National Endowment Martyrs: Unintended Consequences of Ancient Violence,
for the Humanities (1973–1976). His publications The Encyclopedia of Women in the Ancient World, and
include WEST (coauthor), A Short History of Western The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life, which won
Civilization, Eighth Edition (coauthor), W estern Civili- many awards for its creative organization and timely
zation: Sources, Images, and Interpretations, Seventh presentation of the material. In 2010, Salisbury
Edition, W orld History: Sources, Images, and Interpreta- published a second edition of her classic work on the
tions, Fourth Edition, a series of introductions in the history of attitudes toward animals: T he Beast Within:
Garland Library of War and Peace, several articles Humans and Animals in the Middle Ages. Salisbury is
and reviews on nineteenth-century French economic an award-winning teacher who was named
and social history in American and European jour- “Professor of the Year for Wisconsin in 1991” by CASE
nals, and several short stories and poems in literary (Council for Advancement and Support of Educa-
reviews. He is the recipient of John Jay College’s tion), a prestigious national organization. Since
“Outstanding Teacher of the Year” award. retiring from the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay,
Salisbury has taught twice on Semester at Sea, a
program sponsored by the University of Virginia that
teaches students as they circumnavigate the world.
Salisbury brought a global perspective to the his-
tory of Western civilization while teaching abroad,
and this edition of the book has benefi ted from her
interaction with students as they make sense of our
twenty-fi rst-century global civilization.
v
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THE WEST IN THE WORLD
Guarantees Better Course Performance
BETTER PREPARED
STUDENTS
Imagine the dynamic class discussions you
could have or lively lectures you could give
if your students came to class prepared.
Enter LearnSmart® and
SmartBook™, the online adaptive
learning systems that assess students’
knowledge of the chapter content and
identify gaps in understanding.
Students come to class with a better
understanding of the course material.
STUDENTS TELL US:
“I just wanted to let you know that I love this
Connect thing. The LearnSmart modules are great
and really help me to learn the material. I even
downloaded their app for my phone.”
—COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY
AND INSTRUCTORS SAY:
“5 weeks into the semester, students in my three
[course] sections have averages of 99.93, 99.97 and
100% respectively on the LearnSmart modules.
I would NEVER get that kind of learning and
accuracy if I just assigned them to ‘read the
chapter and take notes’ or ‘read the chapter and
refl ect’ or some other reading based assignment.”
—FLORIDA STATE COLLEGE AT JACKSONVILLE
“ LearnSmart has won my heart.”
—MCLENNAN COMMUNITY COLLEGE
vi TITLE
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BETTER CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS
The West in the World moves students beyond
memorization of names and dates and promotes
critical thinking.
• Connect History allows students to interact online
with text activities, test their understanding
through interactive exercises and review questions,
and explore map and geography activities.
• ”Thinking About” boxes—exploring print
and visual primary sources, geography, and
science and technology—involve students
actively and analytically in the learning
process, guiding them to approach
documentary and material evidence in the
ways that working historians do. S ix new
“Thinking about Science and Technology”
boxes appear in the 5 th edition.
• Over 100 primary sources tailored to this
text are available through McGraw-Hill
Create™. All sources have accompanying
headnotes and critical thinking questions.
• “Critical Mission” digital activities place students in a pivotal moment in time and ask them to
develop a historical argument.
BETTER GRADES
Grade Distribution
More C students earn a B, more B students get an A
Research shows that students’ grades improve using
Connect History and LearnSmart. Imagine being
able to document this type of grade improvement
through easily run reports.
30.5% 33.5% 22.6% 8.7% 4.7%
LISTEN TO INSTRUCTORS:
“My class that is u sing Connect scored higher 19.3% 38.6% 28.0% 9.6% 4.5%
Without LearnSmart
than any other class in my 25 years of teaching .”
Study: 690 students / 6 institutions
—UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER
“The students really love Connect. They also got the best test scores on their fi rst exam that I
have ever seen in my teaching career. ” —GEORGIA SOUTHERN UNIVERSITY
Th e West in the World :
the program that connects students to success!
CONTENTS vii
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List of Primary Source Documents xx CHAPTER 19 S
List of Maps xxi Nationalism and Statebuilding: Unifying Nations,
T
Other Features xxii 1850–1870 577
Preface xxiv N
CHAPTER 20
CHAPTER 10 Mass Politics and Imperial Domination: Democracy E
A New Spirit in the West: Th e Renaissance, and the New Imperialism, 1870–1914 597
T
ca. 1300–1640 291
CHAPTER 21
N
CHAPTER 11 Modern Life and the Culture of Progress: Western
“Alone Before God”: Religious Reform and Warfare, Society, 1850–1914 625
O
1500–1648 323
CHAPTER 22
CHAPTER 12 Descending into the Twentieth Century: World War and C
Faith, Fortune, and Fame: European Expansion, Revolution, 1914–1920 655
1450–1700 359 F
CHAPTER 23
CHAPTER 13 Darkening Decades: Recovery, Dictators, and E
Th e Struggle for Survival and Sovereignty: Europe’s Depression, 1920–1939 685
I
Social and Political Order, 1600–1715 391 R
CHAPTER 24
CHAPTER 14 Into the Fire Again: World War II, 1939–1945 711
B
A New World of Reason and Reform: Th e Scientifi c
CHAPTER 25
Revolution and the Enlightenment, 1600–1800 425
Superpower Struggles and Global Transformations: Th e
CHAPTER 15 Cold War, 1945–1980s 737
Competing for Power and Wealth: Th e Old Regime,
CHAPTER 26
1715–1789 451
Into the Twenty-First Century: Th e Present in
CHAPTER 16 Perspective 773
Overturning the Political and Social Order: Th e French
Revolution and Napoleon, 1789–1815 487 Glossary G-1
Credits C-1
CHAPTER 17
Index I-1
Factories, Cities, and Families in the Industrial Age: Th e
Industrial Revolution, 1780–1850 517
CHAPTER 18
Coping with Change: Ideology, Politics, and Revolution,
1815–1850 547
ix
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