Table Of ContentThe Sequential Intercept
Model and Criminal Justice
The Sequential Intercept Model
and Criminal Justice
Promoting Community Alternatives for
Individuals with Serious Mental Illness
E D I T E D B Y P AT R I C I A A . G R I F F I N
K I R K H E I L B R U N
E D W A R D P. M U LV E Y
D A V I D D e M AT T E O
A N D
C A R O L A . S C H U B E R T
1
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Te sequential intercept model and criminal justice : promoting community alternatives for
individuals with serious mental illness / edited by Patricia Grifn, Kirk Heilbrun, Edward Mulvey,
David DeMatteo, Carol Schubert.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978–0–19–982675–9 (hardback)
1. Mentally ill ofenders—United States. 2. People with mental disabilities and crime—
United States. 3. Criminal justice, Administration of—United States. 4. Alternatives to
imprisonment—United States. 5. Criminals—Mental health—United States.
I. Grifn, Patricia A.
HV6133.S39 2015
364.3'80973—dc23
2014027252
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America
on acid-free paper
CONTENTS
About the Editors vii
Contributors ix
1. Te Movement Toward Community-Based Alternatives to Criminal Justice
Involvement and Incarceration for People with Severe Mental Illness 1
Kirk Heilbrun, David DeMatteo, Heidi Strohmaier, and Meghann Galloway
2. Development of the Sequential Intercept Model: Te Search for a
Conceptual Model 21
Patricia A. Grifn, Mark Munetz, Natalie Bonfne, and Kathleen Kemp
3. Law Enforcement and Emergency Services 40
Melissa Reuland and Kento Yasuhara
4. Initial Detention and Initial Hearings: Intercept 2 57
Kirk Heilbrun, David DeMatteo, Stephanie Brooks-Holliday,
and Patricia A. Grifn
5. Intercept 3: Jails and Courts 78
Siyu Liu and Allison D. Redlich
6. Intercept 4: Reentry from Jails and Prisons 95
Fred Osher and Christopher King
7. Applying the Sequential Intercept Model to Reduce Recidivism Among
Probationers and Parolees with Mental Illness 118
Jennifer Eno Louden, Sarah Manchak, Megan O’Connor,
and Jennifer L. Skeem
8. From Resource Center to Systems Change: Te GAINS Model 137
Henry J. Steadman, Brian Case, Chanson Noether, Samantha Califano,
and Susan Salasin
9. Using the Consensus Project Report to Plan for System Change 154
Amanda Brown Cross, Carol A. Schubert, and Kirk Heilbrun
vi C O N T E N T S
1 0. State-Level Dissemination and Promotion Initiatives: Florida, Illinois,
Massachusetts, Ohio, and Pennsylvania 164
David DeMatteo, Mark Munetz, John Petrila, Albert Grudzinskas, Jr.,
William Fisher, Sarah Filone, Katy Winckworth-Prejsnar,
and Michelle R. Rock
1 1. Rethinking Mental Health Legal Policy and Practice: History
and Needed Reforms 188
Steve Leifman and Tim Cofey
1 2. Te Sequential Intercept Model as a Platform for Data-Driven
Practice and Policy 217
Edward P. Mulvey and Carol A. Schubert
1 3. Using the Sequential Intercept Model in Cross-Systems Mapping 239
Patricia A. Grifn, Casey LaDuke, Dan Abreu, Katy Winckworth-Prejsnar,
Sarah Filone, Sarah Dorrell, and Christina Finello
1 4. Sequential Intercept Mapping, Confdentiality, and the Cross-System
Sharing of Health-Related Information 257
John Petrila, Hallie Fader-Towe, and Allison B. Hill
1 5. Te Sequential Intercept Model: Current Status, Future Directions 276
Kirk Heilbrun, Edward P. Mulvey, David DeMatteo, Carol A. Schubert,
and Patricia A. Grifn
Index 285
ABOUT THE EDITORS
Patricia A. Grifn, PhD, is an independent consultant who is also associated
with the Pennsylvania Mental Health and Justice Center of Excellence and with
Policy Research Associates. Her scholarly and practice interests include diver-
sion, specialized training of frst responders, and provision of services to justice-
involved individuals with behavioral health disorders. She is a co-developer of
the Sequential Intercept Model.
Kirk Heilbrun, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Psychology at Drexel
University and Co-Director of the Pennsylvania Mental Health and Justice
Center of Excellence. His research and professional interests include risk assess-
ment and management, forensic assessment, and diversion.
Edward P. Mulvey, PhD, is a Professor in the Department of Psychiatry at
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of
Medicine, and Co-Director of the Pennsylvania Mental Health and Justice
Center of Excellence. His research interests include violence and mental illness,
prediction of violence and crime, juvenile ofenders and the juvenile justice sys-
tem, and criminal justice policy. He is also interested in public agencies serving
justice-involved individuals with mental health problems.
David DeMatteo, JD, PhD, is an Associate Professor of Psychology and Law at
Drexel University, where he is also Director of the JD/PhD Program in Law and
Psychology, and a consultant with the Pennsylvania Mental Health and Justice
Center of Excellence. His research interests include psychopathy, forensic mental
health assessment, drug policy, and diversion.
Carol A. Schubert, MPH, is a researcher with the Law and Psychiatry Program
at the Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of the University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, and a consultant to the Pennsylvania Mental Health and
Justice Center of Excellence. Her research interests include violence risk and ser-
vice provision; she has coordinated numerous large research projects focusing
on these areas with justice-involved adults and adolescents.
CONTRIBUTORS
Dan Abreu is a Senior Project Associate at Policy Research Associates in Delmar,
New York.
Natalie Bonfne, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Psychiatry and Instructor of
Family and Community Medicine at Northeast Ohio Medical University.
Stephanie Brooks-Holliday, PhD, is a postdoctoral fellow in clinical and
research neuropsychology at the DC WRIISC in Washington, D.C.
Samantha Califano was previously with Policy Research Associates, Delmar, New
York.
Brian Case is a project associate with Policy Research Associates, Delmar, New
York.
Tim Cofey is Coordinator of the Criminal Mental Health Project of the 11th
Judicial Circuit, Miami, Florida.
Amanda Brown Cross, PhD, is a Research Specialist for the Pennsylvania
Mental Health and Justice Center of Excellence in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
David DeMatteo, JD, PhD (see “About the Editors”)
Sarah Dorrell, MSW, is Case Manager for Student Life at Baylor University,
Waco, Texas.
Jennifer Eno Louden, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology at
the University of Texas at El Paso.
Hallie Fader-Towe, JD, is Program Director, Courts at the Justice Center,
Council of State Governments.
Sarah Filone, MS, is an advanced student in the doctoral clinical psychology
training program (forensic concentration) at Drexel University.
Christina Finello, JD, PhD, is Criminal Justice Policy, Grant, and Planning
Coordinator at PMHCC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
