Table Of ContentLecture Notes in Computer Science 7031
CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors:
GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler
UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
AlfredKobsa
UniversityofCalifornia,Irvine,CA,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
OscarNierstrasz
UniversityofBern,Switzerland
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnology,Madras,India
BernhardSteffen
TUDortmundUniversity,Germany
MadhuSudan
MicrosoftResearch,Cambridge,MA,USA
DemetriTerzopoulos
UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA
DougTygar
UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
GerhardWeikum
MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbruecken,Germany
Lora Aroyo Chris Welty
Harith Alani Jamie Taylor
Abraham Bernstein Lalana Kagal
Natasha Noy Eva Blomqvist (Eds.)
The Semantic Web –
ISWC 2011
10th International Semantic Web Conference
Bonn, Germany, October 23-27, 2011
Proceedings, Part I
1 3
VolumeEditors
LoraAroyo
VUUniversityAmsterdam,TheNetherlands;[email protected]
ChrisWelty
IBMResearch,YorktownHeights,NY,USA;[email protected]
HarithAlani
TheOpenUniversity,MiltonKeynes,UK;[email protected]
JamieTaylor
Google,MountainView,CA,USA;[email protected]
AbrahamBernstein
UniversityofZurich,Switzerland;Bernstein@ifi.uzh.ch
LalanaKagal
MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,Cambridge,MA,USA;[email protected]
NatashaNoy
StanfordUniversity,CA,USA;[email protected]
EvaBlomqvist
LinköpingUniversity,Sweden;[email protected]
ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349
ISBN978-3-642-25072-9 e-ISBN978-3-642-25073-6
DOI10.1007/978-3-642-25073-6
SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011939851
CRSubjectClassification(1998):C.2,H.4,H.3,H.5,J.1,K.4
LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationSystemsandApplication,incl.Internet/Web
andHCI
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Preface
Ten years ago, several researchers decided to organize a workshop to bring
together an emerging community of scientists who were working on adding
machine-readablesemanticstotheWeb,theSemanticWeb.Theorganizerswere
originally planning for a few dozen researchers to show up. When 200 of them
came to Stanford in August 2001, the Semantic Web Workshop became the
Semantic Web Working Symposium, and the International Semantic Web Con-
ference(ISWC)wasborn.Muchhaschangedinthetenyearssincethatmeeting.
The Semantic Web has become a well-recognizedresearchfield in its own right,
and ISWC is a premier international research conference today. It brings to-
gether researchers, practitioners, and users in artificial intelligence, databases,
social networks, distributed computing, Web engineering, information systems,
human–computer interaction, natural-language processing, and others. Compa-
nies from Facebook to Google to the New York Times rely on Semantic Web
technologies to link and organize their data; governments in the United States,
UnitedKingdom,andothercountriesopenuptheirdatabymakingitaccessible
toSemanticWebtools;scientistsinmanydomains,frombiology,tomedicine,to
oceanography and environmental sciences, view machine-processable semantics
as key to sharing their knowledge in today’s data-intensive scientific enterprise;
semantic technology trade shows attract more than a thousand attendees. The
focus of Semantic Web research has moved from issues of representing data on
the Web and the growing pains of figuring out a common format to share it, to
such challenges as handling billions of statements in a scalable way to making
all this data accessible and usable to regular citizens.
Thisvolumecontainsthe mainproceedingsofthe 10thInternationalSeman-
ticWebConference(ISWC2011),whichwasheldinBonn,Germany,inOctober
2011.Wereceivedtremendousresponsetoourcallsforpapersfromatrulyinter-
national community of researchers and practitioners. Indeed, every track of the
conferencereceivedarecordnumberofsubmissionsthisyear.Thecarefulnature
of the review process, and the breadth and scope of the papers finally selected
for inclusion in this volume, speak to the quality of the conference and to the
contributionsmadebyresearcherswhoseworkispresentedintheseproceedings.
TheResearchTrackofthe conferenceattracted264submissions.Eachpaper
receivedatleastthree,andsometimesasmanyasfive,reviewsfrommembersof
theProgramCommittee.Afterthefirstroundofreviews,authorshadtheoppor-
tunity to submit a rebuttal, leading to further discussions among the reviewers,
a meta-review and a recommendation from a member of the Senior Program
Committee. Every paper that had at least one recommendation for acceptance
was discussed in a virtual meeting of the Senior ProgramCommittee.
As the Semantic Web develops, we find a changing variety of subjects that
emerge. This year the keywords of accepted papers were distributed as follows
VI Preface
(frequency in parentheses):ontologiesand semantics (15), database, IR, and AI
technologies for the Semantic Web (14), management of Semantic Web data
(11), reasoning over Semantic Web data (11), search, query, integration, and
analysisonthe Semantic Web (10),robustandscalableknowledgemanagement
and reasoning on the Web (10), interacting with Semantic Web data (9), on-
tology modularity, mapping, merging, and alignment (8), languages, tools, and
methodologies for representing and managing Semantic Web data (8), ontol-
ogy methodology, evaluation, reuse, extraction, and evolution (7), evaluation of
SemanticWebtechnologiesordata(7),specificontologiesandontologypatterns
for the Semantic Web (6), new formalismsfor the Semantic Web (4), user inter-
facesto the Semantic Web(3), cleaning,assurance,andprovenanceofSemantic
Webdata,services,andprocesses(3),socialSemanticWeb(3),evaluationofSe-
manticWebtechnology(3),SemanticWebpopulationfromthehumanWeb(3).
Overall, the ISWC Program Committee members adopted strict standards
for what constitutes high-quality Semantic Web researchand what papers must
deliver in terms of theory, practice, and evaluation in order to be accepted to
the ResearchTrack.Correspondingly,the ProgramCommittee acceptedonly50
papers, 19% of the submissions.
TheSemanticWebIn-UseTrackreceived75submissions.Atleastthreemem-
bers of the In-Use Program Committee provided reviews for each paper. Sev-
enteen papers were accepted – a 23% acceptance rate. The large number of
submissions this year demonstrated the increasingly diverse breadth of applica-
tionsofSemanticWebtechnologiesinpractice.Papersdemonstratedhowseman-
tic technologies could be used to drive a variety of simulation and test systems,
manage distributed content and operate within embedded devices. Several pa-
pers tapped the growing amount of semantically enriched environmental data
available on the Web allowing communities to visualize, organize, and monitor
collections for specific purposes.
The Doctoral Consortium has become a key event at the conference over
the years. PhD students get an opportunity to present their thesis proposals
andto get detailedfeedback ontheir researchtopics andplans fromthe leading
academic and industrial scientists in the field. Out of 31 submissions to the
Doctoral Consortium, 6 were accepted as long papers for presentation at the
conference, and 9 were accepted for presentation at the special Consortium-
only poster session. Each student was assigned a mentor who led the discussion
following the presentation of their proposal, and provided extensive feedback
and comments.
A unique aspect of the ISWC conference is the Semantic Web Challenge.
In this competition, the ninth to be held at the conference, practitioners and
scientists showcase useful and leading-edge applications of Semantic Web tech-
nology.Diana Maynardand Chris Bizer organizedthe Semantic Web Challenge
this year.
The keynotetalks givenbyleading scientistsin the fieldfurther enrichedthe
ISWC program. Alex (Sandy) Pentland, the director of the Human Dynamics
LaboratoryandtheMediaLabEntrepreneurshipProgramattheMassachusetts
Preface VII
InstituteofTechnology,discussedtheNewDealonData—anewdataecosystem
thatcanallowpersonaldatatobecomeanaccessibleassetforthenewgeneration
of systems in health, finance, logistics, and transportation. Gerhard Weikum, a
Research Director at the Max Planck Institute for Informatics, discussed the
issues and approaches to extending and enriching linked data, in order to im-
proveitsscope,quality,interoperability,cross-linking,andusefulness.Frankvan
Harmelen, a professor at the VU University Amsterdam, and a participant and
leader in Semantic Web research, provided his analysis of the past ten years,
discussing whether any universalpatterns haveemergedin the waywe built the
Semantic Web. Nigel Shadbolt, Deputy Head of the School of Electronics and
Computer Science at the University of Southampton, gave a lively dinner talk.
As in previous ISWC editions, the conference included an extensive Tuto-
rial and Workshop program. Tania Tudorache and Heiner Stuckenschmidt, the
Chairsofthis track,createda stellaranddiversecollectionof7 tutorials and16
workshops,wherethe only problemthatthe participantsfacedwaswhichofthe
many exciting workshops to attend.
We would like to thank Marta Sabou and Guilin Qi for organizing a lively
PosterandDemoSession.Thisyear,thePostersandDemoswereintroducedina
MinuteMadnessSession,whereeverypresentergot60secondstoprovideateaser
for their poster or demo. Marco Neumann coordinated an exciting Industry
Track with presentations both from younger companies focusing on semantic
technologies and software giants, such as Yahoo! and Microsoft.
As we look forward to the next ten years of Semantic Web research, we or-
ganized an Outrageous Ideas Session, with a special award sponsored by the
Computing Community Consortium. At this track, we invited scientists to sub-
mit short papers describing unconventional and innovative ideas that identify
new research opportunities in this field. A Program Committee of established
Semantic Web researchers judged the submissions on the extent to which they
expand the possibilities and horizons of the field. After presentation of short-
listed papers at the conference both the PC members and the audience voted
for the prize winners.
We are indebted to Eva Blomqvist, our Proceedings Chair, who provided
invaluablesupportincompilingthe volumethatyounowholdinyourhands(or
see on your screen) and exhibited super-human patience in allowing the other
Chairs to stretchdeadlines to the absolute limits. Many thanks to JenGolbeck,
the Fellowship Chair, for securing and managing the distribution of student
travelgrants and thus helping students who might not have otherwise attended
the conference to come to Bonn. Mark Greaves and Elena Simperl were tireless
intheirworkasSponsorshipChairs,knockingoneveryconceivablevirtual‘door’
and ensuring an unprecedented level of sponsorshipthis year.We are especially
grateful to all the sponsors for their generosity.
As has been the case in the past, ISWC 2011 also contributed to the linked
datacloudby providingsemanticallyannotateddataaboutmanyaspectsofthe
conference. This contribution would not have been possible without the efforts
of Lin Clark, our Metadata Chair.
VIII Preface
Juan Sequeda, our Publicity Chair, was tirelessly twittering, facebooking,
andsendingold-fashionedannouncementsonthemailinglists,creatingfarmore
lively ‘buzz’ than ISWC ever had.
Our very special thanks go to the Local Organization Team, led by Stef-
fen Staab and York Sure-Vetter. They did a fantastic job of handling local ar-
rangements, thinking of every potential complication way before it arose, often
doing things when members of the Organizing Committee were only beginning
to think about asking for them. Special thanks go to Ruth Ehrenstein for her
enormous resourcefulness, foresight, and anticipation of the conference needs
andrequirements.We extend ourgratitude to Silke Werger,HolgerHeuser,and
Silvia Kerner.
Finally, we would like to thank all members of the ISWC Organizing Com-
mitteenotonlyforhandlingtheirtrackssuperbly,butalsofortheirwidercontri-
butiontothecollaborativedecision-makingprocessinorganizingtheconference.
October 2011 Lora Aroyo
Chris Welty
ProgramCommittee Co-chairs
Research Track
Harith Alani
Jamie Taylor
ProgramCommittee Co-chairs
Semantic Web In-Use Track
Abraham Bernstein
Lalana Kagal
Doctoral Consortium Chairs
Natasha Noy
Conference Chair
Conference Organization
Organizing Committee
Conference Chair
Natasha Noy Stanford University, USA
Program Chairs–Research Track
Lora Aroyo VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Chris Welty IBM Watson Research Center, USA
Semantic Web In-Use Chairs
Harith Alani KMI, Open University, UK
Jamie Taylor Google, USA
Doctoral Consortium Chairs
Abraham Bernstein University of Zurich, Switzerland
Lalana Kagal Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
Industry Track Chair
Marco Neumann KONA, USA
Posters and Demos Chairs
Guilin Qi Southeast University, China
Marta Sabou MODUL University, Austria
Workshops and Tutorials Chairs
Heiner Stuckenschmidt University of Mannheim, Germany
Tania Tudorache Stanford University, USA
Semantic Web Challenge Chairs
Christian Bizer Free University Berlin, Germany
Diana Maynard University of Sheffield, UK
Metadata Chair
Lin Clark DERI Galway, Ireland
X Conference Organization
Local Organization Chairs
Steffen Staab University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
York Sure-Vetter GESIS and University of Koblenz-Landau,
Germany
Local Organization
Ruth Ehrenstein University of Koblenz-Landau, Germany
Sponsorship Chairs
Mark Greaves Vulcan, USA
Elena Simperl Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany
Publicity Chair
Juan Sequeda University of Texas at Austin, USA
Fellowship Chair
Jen Golbeck University of Maryland, USA
Proceedings Chair
Eva Blomqvist Linko¨ping University and ISTC-CNR,
Sweden/Italy
Webmaster
Holger Heuser GESIS, Germany
Senior Program Committee – Research
Mathieu d’Aquin Open University, UK
Philippe Cudr´e-Mauroux University of Fribourg, Switzerland
J´erˆome Euzenat INRIA and LIG, France
Aldo Gangemi STLab, ISTC-CNR, Italy
Jeff Heflin Lehigh University, USA
Ian Horrocks University of Oxford, UK
Geert-Jan Houben Delft UniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands
Aditya Kalyanpur IBM Research, USA
David Karger MIT, USA
Manolis Koubarakis National and Kapodistrian University of
Athens, Greece
Diana Maynard University of Sheffield, UK
Peter Mika Yahoo! Research, Spain
Peter F. Patel-Schneider Bell Labs, USA
Axel Polleres Siemens AG/DERI Galway, Austria/Ireland
