The Scientific Article in the Age of Digitization

272 Pages·2007·3.66 MB·English

by  J. Mackenzie Owen (auth.)

THE SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE IN THE AGE OF DIGITIZATION
Information Science and Knowledge Management
Volume 11
Editor-in-Chief:
J. Mackenzie Owen, Universityof Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Editorial Board:
M. Bates, University of California, Los Angeles
P. Bruza, The University of Queensland, Brisbane
R. Capurro, Hochschule der Medien, Stuttgart University of Applied Sciences, Stuttgart
E. Davenport, Napier University, Edinburgh
R. Day, Wayne State University, Detroit
M. Hedstrom, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
A.M. Paci, Istituto di Studi Sulla Ricerca e Documentazione Scientifica, Roma
C. Tenopir, University of Tennessee, Knoxville
M. Thelwall, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton
The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume.
THE SCIENTIFIC ARTICLE
IN THE AGE
OF DIGITIZATION
by
JOHN MACKENZIE OWEN
University of Amsterdam,
The Netherlands
AC.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN-10 1-4020-5335-5 (HB)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-5335-1 (HB)
ISBN-10 1-4020-5340-1 (e-book)
ISBN-13 978-1-4020-5340-5 (e-book)
Published by Springer,
P.O. Box 17, 3300 AADordrecht, The Netherlands.
www.springer.com
Printed on acid-free paper
All Rights Reserved
© 2007 Springer
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered
and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
Contents
ListofFigures ix
ListofTables xi
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1 Thebirthoftheelectronicjournal 1
2 Theelectronicjournal‘revolution’ 5
3 Electronicjournals: theissues 8
4 Studyingdigitization 11
5 InformationScience 13
6 Theory 15
7 Methodology 18
8 Levelofanalysis 19
9 Outline 21
2. THEDEVELOPMENTOF
SCIENTIFICCOMMUNICATION 23
1 Thehistoricalperspective 24
1.1 TheScientificRevolution 25
1.2 Theearlyimpactofprinting 27
1.3 Thescientificsocieties 28
1.4 Thescientificjournal 31
1.5 Thedevelopmentoftheelectronicjournal 34
2 Thescientificjournal 37
2.1 Thestructureofthescientificarticle 38
2.2 Theevolutionofthescientificarticle 41
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vi THESCIENTIFICARTICLEINTHEAGEOFDIGITIZATION
3. THESCIENTIFICCOMMUNICATIONSYSTEM 45
1 Scientificcommunication 45
2 Modelsandmetaphors 47
2.1 Theconduitmetaphor 48
2.2 Theinformationchain 50
3 Earlymodels 52
4 Transactionspace 56
5 Continuummodel 60
6 Functionsofscientificcommunication 63
7 Theauthor 66
8 Fromprinttodigital 71
8.1 Thedigitalinformationchain 71
8.2 Systemsbasedcommunication 76
8.3 Institutionalrepositories 80
9 Innovationofthescientificjournal 83
9.1 ScholarlyCommunicationForums 84
9.2 Theinnovationchain 85
10 Complexityofscientificcommunication 89
4. THEDIGITIZATIONOFINFORMATION
RESOURCES 93
1 Introduction 93
2 Theconceptofdigitization 94
3 Networkedinformation 97
4 Dynamicinformation 101
5 Quasi-intelligentdocuments 107
6 Thefunctionaldocument 116
7 The‘copyparadox’ 118
8 Theproblemofauthenticity 120
9 Reading,creatingandcontrol 125
10 Characterizingthedigitalarticle 128
10.1 Thedigitaldocument 128
10.2 Thedigitalscientificarticle 129
5. THEELECTRONICJOURNAL1987-2004 131
1 Analyticalframework 131
2 Researchdata 135
Contents vii
3 Resultsofthesurvey 138
3.1 Scientificfieldsandpublicationyear 138
3.2 Submissionformats 140
3.3 Publicationformats 142
3.4 Multimedia 143
3.5 Dataresources 145
3.6 Revision 146
3.7 Response 147
3.8 Customization 149
3.9 Externalhyperlinks 151
3.10 Functionality 153
3.11 Navigation 154
3.12 Peerreview 159
3.13 Copyright 161
3.14 Editorialpolicies 162
4 OpenAccessjournals 167
5 Evaluation 171
6 Theimpactofdigitization 177
6. DIGITIZATIONANDTHEEVOLUTION
OFSCIENTIFICCOMMUNICATION 191
1 Explainingdevelopment 191
1.1 Theclosureofscientificcommunication 191
1.2 Anevolutionaryviewofscientificcommunication 197
1.3 Thediffusionofinnovations 201
2 Thetechnologymyth 210
3 Transformingscientificcommunication 214
3.1 Thesignificanceoftheelectronicjournal 214
3.2 Theillusionofnewmedia 216
3.3 Theshadowoftheformat 219
3.4 Theepistemologicalposition 220
4 Theimpactofdigitizationonscientificcommunication 221
4.1 Theillusionofarevolution 221
4.2 Thedynamicsofchange 222
5 Finalconclusions 223
Bibliography 227
Index 259
List of Figures
1.1 Thefirstelectronicjournal: Newhorizonsinadulteducation 2
1.2 ThefirstissueofEjournal 3
1.3 Researchdomain 20
2.1 Thethreestagesofe-journals 34
3.1 Theinformationchain 51
3.2 Thelibraryasaclearinghouse 52
3.3 Lancaster’smodeloftheinformationchain 55
3.4 Garvey-Griffithmodelofscientificcommunication 56
3.5 Scientificcommunicationasamarketforinformation 57
3.6 Thedualmarketofscientificinformation 59
3.7 Lifecyclemodel–hierarchicalstructure 62
3.8 A3-phasemodelofresearch 66
3.9 Theextended3-phasemodel 68
3.10 Elaborationoftheresearchprocess 69
3.11 Informationsourcesinresearch 70
3.12 Aitchison’smodeloftheinformationchain 73
3.13 Hurd’smodelfor2020 74
3.14 Aggregationinthedigitalinformationchain 75
3.15 Fja¨lbrant’smodelofscientificcommunication 76
3.16 Transformationoftheinformationchain 77
3.17 TheScholar’sForummodel 78
3.18 Printdistribution 79
3.19 Digitaldistribution 79
3.20 Data-ServicesRepositoryModel 81
3.21 Repository-basedcommunication 83
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3.22 STINmodelofscientificjournalproduction 85
3.23 STINmodelofanelectronicjournal 86
3.24 Asocio-technicalnetworkofjournalinnovation 86
3.25 Theinnovationchain 88
3.26 Continuumofscientificpublications 91
4.1 Globalnetworkaccess 100
4.2 Typedlinks 111
5.1 Researchmodel 132
5.2 E-journalsperyear 140
5.3 E-journalsperdiscipline 140
5.4 Comments in Journal of Corrosion Science
andEngineering(JCSE) 148
5.5 CommentsinJIME 150
5.6 Navigational devices in Journal of Inequalities in Pure
andAppliedMathematics(JIPAM) 156
5.7 Navigational devices in Living Reviews
Relativity(LRR) 157
5.8 Navigationaldevices inJournalof Interactive
MediainEducation(JIME) 158
5.9 PDF-version of Journalof Interactive Media
inEducation(JIME) 159
5.10 Peer review process in Journal of Interactive Media in
Education(JIME) 161
5.11 Copyright policy of the Journal of Virtual
Environments(JVE) 162
5.12 FeaturesofBMCjournals 170
5.13 BMC’sOpenAccesspolicy 171
6.1 Closureandthescientificjournal 196
6.2 Evolutionarymodelofthescientificarticle 200
6.3 Evolutionarypressuresonthescientificarticle 201
6.4 Dynamicsofchange 222
List of Tables
1.1 Vickery’sinformationscienceconstructs 16
1.2 Outlineofthebook 21
2.1 Atypologyofthescientificarticle 39
2.2 The20th centurystructureofthescientificarticle 39
2.3 Formalelementsofthescientificarticle 40
2.4 Discourseelementsofthescientificarticle 41
3.1 InformationgenresintheUNISISTmodel 54
3.2 FunctionsinLancaster’smodel 54
3.3 Timescalesinscientificcommunication 57
3.4 Functionsintheinformationchain 65
3.5 ResearchstagesaccordingtoGarvey 70
4.1 Fundamentalcharacteristicsofdigitalnetworked
informationresources 99
4.2 Updatingstrategies 104
4.3 Adaptivestrategies 105
4.4 Mutationforms 106
4.5 Dynamicinformationresourcesystems: outputs 115
4.6 Dynamicinformationresourcesystems: inputs 116
4.7 Thecharacteristicsoffunctionaldocuments 118
4.8 The power structure of the networkedinformationspace 127
5.1 Articleproperties 133
5.2 Editorialpolicies 134
5.3 Researchdesign 135
5.4 Sourcesofe-journals 136
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