The Revolutionary Internationals, 1864-1943

276 Pages·1968·9.507 MB·English

by  Milorad M. Drachkovitch, Jacques Freymond, Carl Landauer, Branko Lazitch, Miklós Molnár, Boris I. Nicolaevsky, Gerhart Niemeyer, Max Nomad, Stefan T. Possony

The Revolutionary
Internationals
1864-1943
Edited by Milorad M. Drachkovitch
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Miklos Molnar
Contributors:
Milorad M. Drachkovitch Boris I. Nicolaevsky
Gerhart Niemeyer
Jacques Freymond
Max Nomad
Carl Landauer
Stefan T. Possony
Branko Lazitch

The Revolutionary
Internationals, 1864-1943

Edited by Milorad M. Drachkovitch
The Revolutionary
Internationals, 1864-1943
Contributors
Milorad M. Drachkovitch Boris I. Nicolaevsky
Jacques Freymond Gerhart Niemeyer
Carl Landauer Max Nomad
Branko Lazitch Stefan T. Possony
Miklos Molnar
Published for the
Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace
by Stanford University Press, Stanford, California
The Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace,
founded at Stanford University in 1919 by Herbert
Hoover, is a center for advanced study and research on
public and international affairs in the twentieth century.
The views expressed in its publications are entirely
those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect
the views of the Hoover Institution.
Stanford University Press, Stanford, California
© 1966 by the Board of Trustees of the
Leland Stanford Junior University
Printed in the United States of America
Original edition 1966
Reprinted 1968
Preface
The essays collected in this volume are revised and expanded ver¬
sions of papers and comments offered on the first day of an inter¬
national scholarly gathering, a conference on “One Hundred Years
of Revolutionary Internationals,” organized by the Hoover Insti¬
tution on War, Revolution, and Peace, and held on October 5, 6,
and 7,1964, at Stanford University. Papers presented on the second
day of the conference have been published by Stanford University
Press in a volume called Marxism in the Modern World. Papers
from the third day of the conference will appear simultaneously
with this volume in Marxist Ideology in the Contemporary World:
Its Appeals and Paradoxes, published by Frederick A. Praeger, Inc.
The seven essays presented in this book are comparative histori¬
cal studies of the three formally Marxist revolutionary Interna¬
tionals and their onetime arch-competitor, the international anar¬
chist movement. It is hoped that in their divergent approaches—
and in the case of the Second International, their sharp disagree¬
ment—the authors of the present volume will introduce both the
layman and the professional historian to new facets of an extremely
complex historical phenomenon.
It is my sad duty to report that on the very day his essay was set
in type, one contributor, Boris Nicolaevsky, suddenly died. In its
originality and thoroughness, his article on “Secret Societies and
the First International” stands with the best of his many contribu¬
tions to the world of scholarship.
Finally, I should like to acknowledge the valuable assistance of
Mrs. Muriel Davison of Stanford University Press in giving the
volume its final form.
M. M. D.
March 15,1966
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Contents
Contributors ix
Introduction Milorad M.Drachhpvitch xi
part i. The First International
The Rise and Fall of the First International
Jacques Freymond and Mi\los Molnar 3
Secret Societies and the First International Boris I. Nicolaevsky 36
The Anarchist Tradition Max Nomad 57
part n. The Second International
The Second International: 1889-1914 Gerhart Niemeyer 95
Social Democracy Carl Landauer 128
part hi. The Third International
The Third International 159
Milorad M. Drachhpvitch and Bran\o Lazitch
The Comintern as an Instrument of Soviet Strategy 203
Stefan T. Possony
Notes 225
Index 249
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