THE REINSTATEMENT OF BEAUTEMPSIA (CAPPARACEAE) AND A KEY TO THE GENERA OF NEOTROPICAL CAPPARACEAE WITH VARIOUSLY STELLATE OR PELTATE INDUMENTA

2009·10.3 MB·English

by  Xavier Cornejo

AND
A
THE REINSTATEMENT OF BEAUTEMPSIA (CAPPARACEAE)
WITH
KEY TO THE GENERA OF NEOTROPICAL CAPPARACEAE
OR INDUMENTA
VARIOUSLY STELLATE PELTATE
Hugh
XavierCornejo
H.
litis
New Department of Botany
Garden
Botanical
York
and Avenue of Wisconsin
Kazimiroff University
th
St.
New USA. 430
Lincoln
York 10458-5126, Drive,
x,
Madison, Wisconsin 53706,
[email protected],
[email protected]
ABSTRACT
new name on
was proposed by Gaudichaud generic with a single species based
Beautempsia (1842) as a
very
Kunth Capparaceae, the
species of neotropical restricted to
Capparis (1821), a distinctive
avicenniifolia
dry woodlands and thorn scrub of western Ecuador and deserts in Peru. Hindered by health (Johnston
ill
name
without
Gaudichaud was only publish 56 with the Beautempsia avicenniaefolia, text.
1944), able to plate
and and group
Gaudichaud's plate 56 consists of a leafy branch bearing inflorescences a fruit, a detailed
Gaudich.
of separate figures, without captions or descriptions (Fig. Therefore, Beautempsia (1842) is
all 1).
ICBN
not valid because Art. 41.2 of the (McNeill et 2006) states, a description or diagnosis is required
al.
for valid publication of a genus.
Subsequently, Bentham and Hooker (1862: 109) formally established Beautempsia as a section of
f.
and without any type
with "Gaud. Voy. Bonite, 56," citation of
Capparis, a short latin description, citing
t.
name and must be accordance with
That the legitimate that has priority followed in Arts.
species. earliest
is
ICBN
41.2, 45.1, 45.3 of (McNeill et 2006). Three years later Eichler, in Marthas' Flora Brasiliensis (1865:
al.
&
Hook Voy
Bentham with
"Gaud. Bonite 56,"
raised Capparis subg. Beautempsia, citing
267, 269), it to f., t.
The
and by Capparis respective captions
Latin diagnosis, only represented a single species, avicenniifolia.
a
Gaudichaud's
Gaudichaud's 56 were published in French 14 years after the publication of Atlas,
plate
for
and Bentham and Hooker establishment of Capparis
12 years Gaudichaud's death, after the sect.
after
f.
That work (Gaudichaud 1866) was accomplished with the collaboration of Charles D'Alleizette,
Beautempsia.
name
who and
provided explications and descriptions for the plates, validating the generic the respective
new (Gaudichaud Although Gaudichaud 1866) did not the basionyms, Art.
combination 1842). (1842, cite
ICBN them
33.3 of the support as valid taxa those published before Jan 1953.
taxonomy and
genus
Hutchinson 307) attempted realign the of the Capparis, correctly re-
(1967: to
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(2)
Beautempsia (Kunth) Plate 56 reproduced from Gaudichaud's Atlas 842). 1 Branch. 2. Flower. 3. Androphore and stamens,
Fig. 1 avicenniifolia Alleiz. (1 .
.
view. 6. Pollen grains. 7-9. Anthers, dorsal, ventral and lateral views. 10. Cross section of anther. 11 Ovules. 12.
al
.
young
aniens. 14. Ovules. 15. Longitudinal section of ovary. 16. Cross section of fruit. 17. Longitudinal section of
embryo.
18. Seed. 19. Embryo. 20. Longitudinal section of fruit. 21. Longitudinal section of
fruit.
685
Cornejo and Reinstatement of Beautempsia
litis,
genus
garded Beautempsia as a valid genus. In this paper, Beautempsia is again recognized as a neotropical
Capparaceae.
of
&
Beautempsia (Benth. Hook, Gaudich. Voy. Bonite, Bot. 4:38. 1866. Capparis avicennufolia Kunth. Basionym:
Typus:
f.)
,
nom.
13(1):276. 1865. Beautempsia Gaudich., Voy. Bonite, Bot. 3 (Atlas), pi. 56. 1842, inval.
Bras.
Fl.
Unarmed shrubs or small with trichomes throughout. Leaves simple, spirally arranged, with
trees, stellate
pulvinus and Inflorescences terminal short racemes; flowers
of similar length, lacking a stipules.
petioles
zygomorphic, the bracts soon deciduous, the flowerbuds globose-obovate just
linear-bracteate,
pedicellate,
Calyx with open gamosepalous, hemisphaerical-cyathiform, tetralobulate
preceding anthesis. aestivation,
Hypanthium Nectary mostly fused
tetracrenate or subtruncate. present. scales deltoid, free,
to slightly 4,
Stamens
the base, rounded the apex. Corolla spirally twisted (torsivus), petals unguiculate, sessile.
at 4,
at
with
16 the outer provided with short staminal nectaries at base of filaments, the inner glandular
to 18,
and
tissue at base of filaments, all perfectly articulated with each other at the base, forming a nectariferous
common
pseudotorus supported by androphore. At anthesis the stamens project
dish-shaped a
digitate
Ovary
outward and arch upward, with the gynophore abaxially strongly off-center. 2-locular. Fruits small
rounded
pepos (l-)2-4 x 1-2 cm, containing a sticky orange pulp (in vivo); seeds cochlate-reniform, to
brown by
with
bean-shaped, slightly flattened laterally, the testa light (in vivo), a sarcotesta infiltrated hairs,
embryo
the cotyledons convolute, the white.
name which means and
Etymology.—The generic formed by the French adjective beau, beautiful, the
is
Gaudichaud
noun which means That weather impressed
French temps, weather. refers to the beautiful that
where he found
Peru genus.
during his the coast of this
visit to
by gamosepalous hemisphaerical-cyathiform calyces
Beautempsia characterized trichomes,
stellate
is
with very short highly reduced lobes, presence of staminal nectaries articulated to the base of the fila-
to
and pepo
forming dish-shaped pseudotorus,
ments, nectariferous digitate fruits.
a
Due zygomorphic with gynophores, unguiculate
the presence of relatively small flowers off center
to
by resembles Atamisquea
hypanthium, and seeds with white embryo, covered a sarcotesta, Beautempsia
petals,
&
another bee-pollinated and xerophytic specialized monotypic genus (Cornejo 2008). But the
Miers, litis
dimorphic
mainly from Beautempsia by the presence of 2-seriate calyces with well developed
latter differs
apex and
with small or reduced ovary the style sharply
decussate sepals calyces 1-seriate lobes), at
(vs.
and and
acute subrostrate ovary the apex thick, without style with the stigma capitate, sessile), the
to at
(vs.
dish-shaped pseudotorus.
absence presence) of
a
(vs.
This a monospecific genus restricted to the dry coastal woodlands and thorn scrub of Ecuador and
is
by
deserts in Peru. represented the following species.
is
It
Voy
Beautempsia avicenniifolia (Kunth) Gaudich. ['avicenniaefolia'] Bonite, Bot. 4:38. 1866. (Fig. 1).
,
km SW
new
QCA, QCNE); Manta on
(AAU, 14 of road to
May
MO, QCNE); 1968
road 13
lAU, Montecristi-Jipijapa,
SW
km
QCA, QCNE); on
Tenorio 10696 (K, 6 of Jipijapa
WASH);
Los
(RSA, Machalilla National Park, Playa Frai
11
5 m, 23 Jan 1991, Gentry &Josse 72701 (MO, QCNE); k
S);
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(2)
SFOe'W,
7286 (AAU, NY, QCNE); 81°04'W, 1°17'S, ca. 2! m, 5 Feb 1992, Josse 760 (AAU); 1°18'S, ca. 35
etal.
>
(MO, QCNE); 8i°04'W 60 m, 6 Apr
127 1°17'S, ca. 1'
&
Wibom 208 MO); Punta Ayangue, 80°46'W 1°
(LD,
QCNE,
m, 2 Nov 1983, Barjord 48448 (AAU, WIS);
et
al.
W
km
QCa, Aug
n 14312 WIS); 80 of Guayaquil, 25
(F,
:
W
km
(Gon
(LA, NY); along highway 17 of Progreso
&
km
E-l (QCA, WIS), ca. 2.5 SE of Salinas, just S of highway to Santa Elena, 80°57'W, 2°12'S, 2 m, 26 Ji
litis
NW
km
Chanduy
CGE, OXF, towards
(GH, NY, QCA, QCNE); Chanduy, in Maris Jun 1862, Spruce 6402 (BM, K, LE, P); 1 of
litore Pacifi,
W
o Mar
Clendenin 10994 (MO, QCNE, SEL, WIS); Pacific coast inmediately of Punta Carnero, 80 55'W, 2°15'S, 17 1973, Holm-Nielsen
m
MO,
al 2000 (AAU, MO, NY, QCNE, WIS); 400 E of Punta Carnero, 80°55'W, 2°15'S, 17 Mar 1973, Holm-Nielsen et ah 2052 (AAU,
et
NY, Via Playas— Posorja, May 1978, Valverde2541 (GUAY, MO, SEL); Ayalan, 80°20'W, 2°40'S, 1 Mar 1990, Bonijaz 682 (GUAY, WIS);
S);
DNA
Morro, m, 20 Aug 2002, Cornejo 7585 (AAU, COL, GUAY, MO, QCA, QCNE, US, WIS [sample for studies]); Isla Puna,
cercanias, 5
QCA, QCNE, MO); midway between Puna Nueva
m, Dec Madsen (AAU,
Puna Nueva Santa Teresa, 79°57'W, 2°43'S, 3 1987, 64140
to
and Zapote, 79°56'W, 2°44'S, m, 3 Sep 1987, Madsen 63879 (AAU, K, MO, NY, QCA, QCNE); Zapote to Estero de Lagarto, 79 57'W,
m, 4 Aug Madsen 63826 (AAU, GUAY, MO, NY, QCA, QCNE); entre Puerto Grande y Puna Nueva, 80°7'W, 2°57'S,
K,
1987,
2°43'S,
km
m, 8 Jul 1995, Jaramillo 18175 (QCA); Insula Puna, Oct 1892, Eggers 14756 (GH, LE, M, US, K); ibidem, MUle 785 (US). El Oro: ca. 1
Huaquillas y Arenillas, al lado de la carretera, 15 Apr-15 May 1979, Albert de Escobar 1262 (QCA, WIS); Isla Santa Clara o del Muerto,
&
o
80°28'W, 30 m, 4 May 1997, Vargas Canaday 1444 (MO, NY, QCNE, WIS); Isla Bellavista, 80 13'15"W, 3°24'40"S, 5 m, 19
3°12'S,
ca.
&
&
a
Mar 1997, Van den Eynden Cueva 946 (LOJA, QCA, QCNE). Loja: Lucarqui, ca. 79°50'48"W, 4 07'17"S, Vivar Merino 3430 (LOJA,
&
km PERU. Tumbes:
QCA, QCNE); road Catacocha-Macara, 79°50'W, 4°08'S, 800 m, 2 Sep 2000, Madsen Sanchez 7169 (NY). Prov.
42,
&
Schunke 600 (NY). Piura: Talara, 9 Apr 1929, Haught 12 (NY); Dept. Paita, Sechura desert between Paita and Piura at turnoff on road
&
Sechura, 100 m, Jan 1964, Hutchinson Wright 3356 (UC, NY). Lambayeque: Dept. Lambayeque, near puente Chongoyape, ca.
to ca. 1
km
8384 (NY); Carretera entre Cayalti y Oyotun, 150 m, 10 Oct 1986, Diaz 2086 (MO, NY); 28 of Olmos, 125 m, 9 Jun 1978, Gentry
&
La
22545 Cajamarca: Contumaza, 700 m, 29 Dec 1983, Sagdstegui Mostacedo 11355 (NY). Libertad: Prov. Trujillo,
al (NY). Prov.
et
NY N
alrededores de Simbal, 550 m, 20 Jun 1986, Mostacero et 1117 (F, MO, just of Paijan along road between Trujillo and San Pedro
al. [2]);
MA MO
Lloc, < 500 m, 2 Jan 1983, Stevens 21985 (MO, NY). Ica: without locality, Ruiz s.n., 1788 (B, [not seen], [ex herb. Pavon]).
Etymology.—The specific epithet refers to the resemblance of the leaf blades of this species with those of the
genus Avicennia (Acanthaceae).
L.
—
km
SE
Chromosome number. n = 2n = 16 Pazy, Przywara]. Ecuador: Guayas, ca. 2.5 of Salinas,
8,
[!
!
W
&
&
km
H.K M.
highway Progreso H.H.
M. E-20 (WIS). Ecuador: Guayas, along 17 of
litis litis
litis litis
EA
(WIS).
names.— ECUADOR. Bichaya (Indigenous?, Madsen 64140, 63826); Vichayo (Indigenous?, Van den
Local
&
Guayabo Vichayo
Eynden Cueva PERU. Guayabito de de gentil (Spanish, Mostacero 1117);
946). gentil, et
al.
&
Simpson Schunke
(Indigenous?, 600).
Nunez Van den
Uses.—The maturity have a sweet pulp, reported as edible (Svenson 11343, 127,
fruits at
&
and
Eynden Cueva Van den Eynden 1999). However, there are also reports that the "leaves
946; et
al.
MO,
WIS, Lambayeque,
produce dizziness and hallucinations" (Woytkowski 7068, in Dpto.
fruits are toxic,
Peru).
—
during day (Cornejo This
Phenology and This species flowers the pers. obs.). is
Ecological interactions.
uncommon which Ecuador and Peru shared
an feature in neotropical Capparaceae, in the coasts of is also
687
Beautempsia
and Reinstatement
Cornejo of
litis,
&
and
The with stamens
by sympatric (Kunth) Cornejo. small flowers short
the Capparicordis crotonoides
litis
(Madsen Madsen Cornejo
by bees 2001; 63879;
gynophores Beautempsia are pollinated et
of avicenniijolia al.
Thomas
(Huey
The eaten and the seeds dispersed by the Sechura fox, Lycalopex sechurae
are
pers. fruits
obs.)-
Beautempsia
canid with similar distributional pattern to that of avicenniijolia.
1969), a
Cabo Ecuador
dominant and from Pasado in
Distribution.—Locally along close to the Pacific coast,
from
southward south Lima, Peru, often found in the Ecuadorian coastal dry scrub forests, sea level
lea of
to
m m
up 700
Andean and Peruvian
230 800 in the very dry western slopes of Loja), in the deserts, to
to (to
m, forming and thus one of several dune stabilizers, apparently not salt tolerant.
often thickets
name
Panama (Woodson under Cap-
This species has been misreported in Flora of et al. 1948) the of
most
However, Beautempsia avicenniijolia does not occur in that country. It is likely that the
paris
ovalifolia.
was on Ecuador
specimen Panama "Isthmus of Darien") collected the coast of
single cited for {Barclay
s.n.,
(perhaps by Hinds?, see cited specimen), on the Voyage of H.M.S. Sulphur.
KEY TO THE AMERICAN GENERA OF CAPPARACEAE
INDUMENTA
OR
WITH VARIOUSLY STELLATE PELTATE
Corolla with closed aestivation from buds, stamens not quickly acresscent just before anthesis.
1
.
and
Calyx -seriate, bialate or spathaceous or 4-valvate with the sepals free or fused the lobes regular, if
2. 1
segm
le
sp
Calyx at anthesis splitting to the base by or 2 ruptures, finally bialate or
3.
1
funnelform {Steriphoma Spreng.) or
Calyx anthesis tubular, subcylindric or
at
3.
2-4
segments.
hemispherical (the remaining genera), sepals, lobes or
orange orange-
Calyx tubular, subcylindric or funnelform, usually bright to
4.
bud stamens indehisce
tinct at the early stage; (5-)6(-8); fruits
±
oblong bacciform
torulose, or cylindric to thickly
linear,
rity,
brown
cup-shaped hemispherical, green, yellow or
Calyx dish- or/to or
4.
(,
lobes often distinct from early bud stage on, or totally fused but irregular!)
2 to 4 segments {Morisonia L); stamens (plus staminodes if any) 6 tc 60
pepos amphisarca.
or
often torulose, capsular,
linear
linear,
if
2-3(-4)
Sepals entirely fused, irregularly rupturing at anthesis into
5.
gyno
amphisarca with
and/or spherical
caulifiorous ramiflorous; fruits
Sepals or calyx lobe
>.
Sepals widely spaced, longitu
6.
mm
somewhat 4-7
folded, th
hypanthium Bea
the (Colicodendron,
present, inserted within
scent or dehiscent (Quadrella)
tf
if
nd remaining attached to the gynophore and placenta at mi
hypanthium
sepalous, absent; fruits capsular, usually linear-tc
Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 3(2)
hypanthium
Calyx gamosepalous, the sepals fused at least at the base, present; fruits
I
amphisarca, pseudoamphisarca or pepos.
± and
Calyx cup-shaped, with closed aestivation, the sepals developed, their margins
9.
showy
dish-shaped pseudotorus absent; inflorescences bearing flowers
digitate
is
hemispha
Calyx
9.
margin
highly reduced, their
erous dish-shaped digitate Dseudotorus; inflorescences bearing small flowers polli-
nated by
insects (bees);
fruit
Calyx the sepals imbricate, exp osing the inner pair outer pair of
2-seriate, partially
2.
sepals 2-valvate, entirely hidden the inner pair o sepals in buds until or nearly to anthesis.
4-20
Leaf blades developed; absent, stigma capitate; amphisarca or (indehiscent) pepos,
style fruits
0.
1
x 4-8
cm, containing to 30 larger seeds;
1
i
somewhat compressed; asym-
d flowers
dorsal-ventrally
arranged; staminodia prese
abaxially
S^
Sarcotoxicum
ot compressed; flowers symmetric, petals siniestrorsely-
1
'
and stamens arranged staminodia
radially at anthesis;
i^
12
and more
rrower ^^^^^^^
delic
is
r^riyS^
Lianas or scandent shrubs; flowers a
2.
1
exposed from
bricate in bud, the outer pair partiall) overlapping the inner pair, the inner pair
Leaf blades reduced; short present, stigm
style
0.
1
mm,
4-6 x 4-6
contain
dehiscent),
(tardily
Atamisquea
AAU,
Thanks are due to the following herbaria for sending their collections as loan or gift for this study: B,
QCNE,
MO, QCA, TEX, UC,
BKL, CGE, DAV, GB, GH, GUAY, LA, LD, LE, NY, OXF, SEL, US,
K,
S,
F, P,
WIS, The authors thank an anonymous reviewer providing a review of the manuscript, to John
Z. for critical
Werner John Wiersema and Gandhi Kanchi very helpful nomenclatural discus-
McNeill, Greuter, for their
Emma
(NYBG
Antobam ways
Marie Long, Chris and Mertz helping in different
Pierce library) for
sions, to
and Barney Lipscomb
to obtain a scan of Gaudichaud's Plate 56 reproduced in figure 1 of this article, to for
work.
his efficient editorial
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monde
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la
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de Arthus
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03-1
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0.
J.D. In:
1 1 1
1
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Two new and
and
genera Capparaceae: Sarcotoxicum Mesocapporis
and 2008. of nov.,
Cornejo, X. H.H. stat.
Iltis.
03-1
the reinstatement of Neocalyptrocalyx. Harvard Pap. Bot.
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1 1
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&
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V., E.
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