Table Of ContentINTERNATIONAL SERIES ON PUBLIC POLICY
The Politics of Public
Accountability
Policy Design in Latin American
Oil Exporting Countries
Guillaume Fontaine
Cecilia Medrano Caviedes
Iván Narváez
International Series on Public Policy
Series Editors
B. Guy Peters
Department of Political Science
University of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Philippe Zittoun
Research Professor of Political Science
LET-ENTPE, University of Lyon
Lyon, France
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Guillaume Fontaine
Cecilia Medrano Caviedes • Iván Narváez
The Politics of Public
Accountability
Policy Design in Latin American Oil Exporting
Countries
Guillaume Fontaine Cecilia Medrano Caviedes
Latin American Faculty for Social Center for International Studies
Sciences Paris, France
Quito, Ecuador
Iván Narváez
Latin American Faculty for Social
Sciences
Quito, Ecuador
ISSN 2524-7301 ISSN 2524-731X (electronic)
International Series on Public Policy
ISBN 978-3-030-28994-2 ISBN 978-3-030-28995-9 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28995-9
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer
Nature Switzerland AG 2020
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The idea of design is to link together values, models of causation, and the
choice of instrumentation so that better choices can be made
(Linder and Peters 1987, 468)
v
A
cknowledgements
This book is a product of a two-year research funded by FLACSO Ecuador
though the grant #IP973. We are particularly thankful to our institution
for this support. During the fieldwork we also benefited from the logistical
support of the Energy Program at El Colegio de Mexico and the
Department of Political Science at the University of Sao Paulo. We would
like to express our special thanks to Isabelle Rousseau, José Luis Mendez
and Adrián Gurza for their collaboration.
The preliminary results were presented during two meetings at the
International Public Policy Association and during the monthly seminar
held by the Comparative Policy Analysis Lab at FLACSO. We are extremely
grateful to B. Guy Peters, Derek Beach and Mike Howlett for taking time
to read our working papers and for making us accurate and inspiring sug-
gestions. We also thank our students from the Lab for their relentless
curiosity and their patience in testing our theories and methods on their
own research, thereby providing us invaluable feedbacks to improve the
policy design framework.
Quito, May 20, 2019 Guillaume Fontaine
Cecilia Medrano Caviedes
Iván Narváez
vii
c
ontents
1 Public Accountability Deficits as a Policy Problem 1
2 The Policy Design Framework 19
3 A Realist Approach to Policy Design 51
4 Open and Closed Resource Nationalism 99
5 How Resource Nationalism Hinders Public Accountability 133
6 From Policy to Institutional Design 171
Appendix A: Assessing Causal Homogeneity 183
Appendix B: Collected Evidence From the Venezuelan Case 187
References 203
Index 225
ix
A A
bout the uthors
Guillaume Fontaine is a senior researcher at FLACSO Ecuador. He
graduated from the University Paris 3 and Sciences-Po (Paris), where he
specialized in comparative policy analysis. He coordinates the Public
Accountability Project, a collective research about public accountability
deficits in various Latin American countries. He has published extensively
on social environmental conflicts and democratic governance in Latin
America.
Cecilia Medrano Caviedes is an analytical economist with a multidisci-
plinary background. She graduated from Sciences-Po (Paris) and The
London School of Economics, where she specialized in the political econ-
omy of natural resources and the governance of extractive industries. She
has been a consultant for the Natural Resource Governance Institute,
Ciudadanos por la Transparencia, the Venezuelan Ministry of Finance,
and the UNESCO.
Iván Narváez is a senior researcher at FLACSO Ecuador. He graduated
from the University Simon Bolivar (Quito), where he specialized in envi-
ronmental law and comparative constitutionalism. He has been CEO of
the Environmental Protection Unit at Petroecuador. He has pub-
lished extensively about indigenous rights and environmental gover-
nance in the Amazon region.
xi
l f
ist of igures
Fig. 2.1 A typology of policy design models 27
Fig. 2.2 The policy design as emancipation model. (Source: Adapted
from Bobrow 2006, 84) 28
Fig. 2.3 The policy design as framing model. (Source: Adapted from
Hoppe 2014, 7) 33
Fig. 2.4 The policy design as instrumentation model. (Source: Adapted
from Howlett 2011, 56) 37
Fig. 2.5 The policy design as institutionalization model. (Source: Adapted
from Linder and Peters 1987, 470) 40
Fig. 3.1 A causal mechanism in policy design. (Source: Elaborated by the
authors) 64
Fig. 3.2 Standard operating procedures for comparative policy design.
(Source: Elaborated by the authors) 75
Fig. 3.3 A simple theoretical causal mechanism of resource nationalism
hindering public accountability (H1) 77
Fig. 3.4 A twofold theoretical causal mechanism of resource nationalism
hindering public accountability (H2) 81
xiii
