The Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections

441 Pages·1985·9.08 MB·English

by  H. Thomas (auth.), Dr. George Gee Jackson, Privatdozent Dr. Herbert Thomas (eds.)

Bayer-Symposium VIII
The Pathogenesis of
Bacterial Infections
Edited by
G. G. Jackson . H. Thomas
In Collaboration with
V. Braun' Z. A. McGee . W. Opferkuch
Ph. Y. Paterson
With 141 Figures and 69 Tables
Springer-¥erlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo
Bayer-Symposium VIII
held at Schloss Gracht, Germany, May 29 ~ June 2, 1984
Dr. GEORGE GEE JACKSON
Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases
The University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine
Box 6998, Chicago, IL 60680, USA
Privatdozent Dr. HERBERT THOMAS
Bayer AG, Pharma-Forschungszentrum,
Institut fUr Chemotherapie
Postfach 101709, D-5600 Wuppertal 1
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-70353-9 e-ISBN -13 :978-3-642-70351-5
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-70351-5
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Bayer-Symposium (8th: 1984: Schloss
Gracht. Germany) The pathogenesis of bacterial infections. "Bayer-Symposium VIII held at
Schloss Gracht, Germany" - T. p. verso. Held in 1984. Includes bibliographies. 1. Bacterial
diseases - Congresses. 2. Host-parasite relationships - Congresses. I. Jackson, George Gee,
1920-. II. Thomas, Herbert, 1938-. III. Title. [DNLM: I. Bacteria -pathogenicity -congresses. 2.
Bacterial Infections - etiology - congresses. W3 BA266 8th 1984p/WC 200 B357 I 984p]
QR20l.B34B39 1984 576'.165 85-2883
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-70353-9 (U.S.)
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material
is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broad-casting,
reproduction by photocopying machine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54
of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to
"Verwertungsgesellschaft Wort", Munich.
© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1985
Softcover reprint oft he hardcover 1s t edition 1985
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the
absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and
regulations and therefore free for general use.
Product Liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and
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its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature.
2127/3130-543210
Contents
Welcome
H. THOMAS
Introduction
G.G. JACKSON 3
Session 1: Infection of Mucosal Surfaces
Chairman: Z.A. McGEE
Molecular Mechanisms by Which Pathogenic Bacteria Interact
with Host Mucosal Cells
Z.A. McGEE and E.N. ROBINSON, Jr. With 4 Figures .......... 8
Antigen Expression Influencing Tissue Invasion
of Hemophilus influenzae Type B
E.R. MOXON. With 4 Figures and 2 Tables ................... 17
Surface Factors and Nasopharyngeal Colonization
by Hemophi lus influenzae B
P.W. ANDERSON, TH. INZANA, and M. PICHICHERO
With 1 Figure and 4 Tables ................................ 30
Discussion (pp. 8-38) 39
The Molecular Organization of Gonococcal Pili
G.K. SCHOOLNIK and J.B. ROTHBARD. With 8 Figures
and 1 Table ............................................... 41
Functions of the Outer Membrane Proteins
of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
M.S. BLAKE. With 5 Figures and 3 Tables ................... 51
Discussion (pp. 41-66) 67
Regulation of Lipopolysaccharide Biologic Activity
by Polysaccharide
D.C. MORRISON, S.W. VUKAJLOVICH, S.A. GOODMAN, and
H.-W. WOLLENWEBER. With 5 Figures and 1 Table ............. 68
VI
Mucosal Irnmunoregulation: IgA Inductive Sites, Isotype
Specific Helper T Cells, Gut LPS Influence, and Subclass
Distribution of IgA Antibodies
J.R. McGHEE, S.M. MICHALEK, H. KIYONO, S.I. WILLIAMSON,
T.A. BROWN, and J. MESTECKY. With 4 Figures and 5 Tables 85
Discussion (pp. 68-98) 99
Session 2: Extension of Infection Beyond the Surface Cells -
Circumvention of the Host Defense System
Chairman: W. OPFERKUCH
Molecular Interactions Between the Third Complement Protein
and Bacterial Cell-Surface Macromolecules
R.P. LEVINE. With 10 Figures and 5 Tables ................. 102
Discussion (pp. 102-120) 1 21
Mechanisms of Bacterial Resistance to Complement-Mediated
Killing
K.A. JOINER and M.M. FRANK. With 5 Figures ................ 122
Discussion (pp. 122-136) 137
Gram-Negative Septicemia: Antibody Deficiency and Specific
Protection
L.S. YOUNG. With 3 Tables ................................. 138
Discussion (pp. 138-145) 146
Mechanisms for Evasion and Survival of Bacteria
by Perturbation of Phagocytes
P.G. QUIE ................................................. 147
Discussion (pp. 147-156) 157
Interacting T Cell Functions Elicited by Facultative
Intracellular Bacteria
H. HAHN and H. NAHER. With 1 Figure and 6 Tables .......... 158
Discussion (pp. 158-165) 166
Session 3: Features of Bacterial Virulence
Chairman: V. BRAUN
Iron Supply as a Virulence Factor
V. BRAUN. With 4 Figures and 1 Table 168
The Relationship Between Iron Utilization and Virulence
of the Pathogenic Neisseria
D.W. DYER, S.E.H. WEST, and P.F. SPARLING. With 4 Figures 177
Discussion (pp. 168-191) 192
VII
Binding of Microbial Pathogens to Connective Tissue
Fibronectin: An Early Step in Localized and Invasive
Infections
T. WADSTROM, L. SWITALSKI, P. SPEZIALE, K. RUBIN, C. RYDEN,
G. FROMAN, A. FARIS, M. LINDBERG, and M. HOOK
With 5 Figures and 5 Tables ............................... 193
Protective Immunogenicity of Chemically Synthesized Peptide
Fragments of Group A Streptococcal M Proteins
E.H. BEACHEY. With 5 Figures and 2 Tables ................. 208
Discussion (pp. 193-218) .................................. 219
Molecular Analysis of Virulence Determinants
of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
TH.F. MEYER, R. HAAS, R. HALTER, P. NICKEL, J. POHLNER,
A. STERN, J. CLARKE, H. DELIUS, and M. SO
Wi th 5 Figures ............................................ 221
Clonal Polymorphism of Surface Antigens in a Relapsing
Fever of Borrelia Species
A.G. BARBOUR. With 5 Figures .............................. 235
Discussion (pp. 221-245) .................................. 246
The Role of the Cell Surface Components of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa in Virulence
R.E.W. HANCOCK. With 1 Figure ............................. 247
Extracellular Factors in the Virulence of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
B.H. IGLEWSKI and T.I. NICAS. With 5 Tables ............... 257
Discussion (pp. 247-266) .................................. 267
Damage to the Host by Channel-Forming Bacterial Toxins
S. BHAKDI, W. SEEGER, N. SUTTORP, and J. TRANUM-JENSEN
With 4 Figures ............................................ 268
Discussion (pp. 268-279) .................................. 280
Virulence Promotion by Mixed Bacterial Infections
D. MAYRAND. With 2 Figures and 4 Tables ................... 281
Discussion (pp. 281-291) .................................. 292
Session 4: Tissue Invasion, Inflammation, and Immuno
pathologic Disease
Chairman: PH.Y. PATERSON
Vascular Endothelium: The Interface Between the Site of
of Antigen and Cellular Immunity
D.R. BURGER, C.R. WAGNER, and R.M. VETTO. With 8 Figures
and 4 Tables .............................................. 294
VIII
Augmenting Interactions of the Clotting System and Immune
Responses in Inflammatory Tissue Injury
PH.Y. PATERSON. With 9 Figures and 3 Tables ............... 308
Discussion (pp. 294-319) 320
Fever, Interleukin-1, and the Defense Against Bacterial
Pathogens
P.A. MURPHY. With 5 Figures ............................... 322
Discussion (pp. 322-333) 334
The Immunological Significance of Antibody Affinity
M.E. DEVEY and M.W. STEWARD. With 9 Figures and 1 Table 336
Discussion (pp. 336-348) 349
Trigger Mechanisms for the Release of Tissue Active
Products of Phagocytic Cells
M.L. KARNOVSKY. With 4 Figures and 5 Tables ............... 351
Discussion (pp. 351-363) 364
Concluding Remarks to Sessions 1-4
Session 1: Closing Remarks of the Schloss Gracht Conference
Z .A. McGEE ................................................ 368
Session 2: Statement
W. OPFERKUCH. With 1 Table ................................ 372
Session 3: Perspectives
V. BRAUN .................................................. 375
Session 4: Symposium Summary. Current Status, Forefront,
and Future: Immunologic Determinants
PH.Y. PATERSON. With 2 Tables ............................. 377
Session 5: Research Perspectives
Chairman: G.G. JACKSON
Introduction .............................................. 386
Methods for Research on Bacterial Pathogenesis
New Approaches to Evaluate Microbial Macromolecules as
Potential Vaccines: Studies of the Surface of Neisseria
gonorrhoeae Using Antibody-Gold Sphere Immunological Probes
E.N. ROBINSON, Jr., Z.A. McGEE, M.E. HAMMOND, J.T. POOLMAN,
TH.M. BUCHANAN, G.K. SCHOOLNIK, and M.S. BLAKE
With 3 Figures ............................................ 387
IX
Activity of Macrophage Processed Endotoxin
R.L. DUNCAN, Jr. and D.C. MORRISON. With 3 Figures
and 1 Table ............................................... 392
Laboratory Characterization of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)
R. E. W. HANCOCK ............................................ 398
Bacterial Growth on Biomaterials
J.W. COSTERTON. With 2 Figures ............................ 399
Specific Microbial Adaptation in Pathogenesis
Iron Utilization and Invasiveness of Hemophilus influenzae
P.F. SPARLING. With 1 Table ............................... 401
Complement Resistance and the tra-T Gene
R.P. LEVINE ............................................... 403
Antibiotic Alteration of Bacterial Membranes
W. OPFERKUCH. With 2 Figures and 1 Table .................. 404
Host Tissue and Parasite Interactions in Bacterial
Pathogenesis
Persistent Bacterial Meningitis: Lyme Disease
A.G. BARBOUR. With 2 Figures .............................. 407
Antiadhesive Properties of Monoclonal Antibody
Against Type 1 Fimbriae of E. coli
E.H. BEACHEY and S.N. ABRAHAM. With 3 Figures and 1 Table. 410
Molecular Basis of Host-Tissue-Specific Pathogenesis
of Enterobacteriaceae
G.K. SCHOOLNIK. With 2 Figures and 2 Tables •.............. 414
Immunologic Protection Against Host Disease
Enhanced Antibody Responses to the Capsular Antigen
of Hemophilus influenzae Type B in Infants Vaccinated
with Oligosaccharides Coupled to a Protein Carrier
P.W. ANDERSON. With 1 Figure .............................. 419
Monoclonal Antibody Protection Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
R.E.W. Hancock. With 2 Figures ............................ 422
Antibody Responses in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
B.H. IGLEWSKI ............................................. 425
Cell Mediated Immunity Against Bacterial Abscess Formation
K.A. JOINER. With 3 Figures ............................... 427
Induction of the Common Mucosal Immune System
J. R. McGHEE ............................................... 430
List of Contributors
The names of the participants at the eighth Bayer Symposium are
underlined.
ABRAHAM, S.N. VA Medical Center, University of Tennessee
Center for the Health Sciences, Memphis,
TN 38104, USA
ANDERSON, P.W. The University of Rochester School of
Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester,
NY 14642, USA
BARBOUR, A.G. Department of Health and Human Services,
National Institutes of Health, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious
Diseases, Laboratory of Microbial Structure
and Function, Rocky Mountain Laboratories,
Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
BEACHEY, E.H. VA Medical Center, University of Tennessee
Center for the Health Sciences, Memphis,
TN 38104, USA
BHAKDI, S. Institut fur Medizinische Mikrobiologie,
Klinikum der Justus-Liebig-Universitat
GieBen, Schubertstr. 1, D-6300 GieBen
BLAKE, M.S. The Rockefeller University, Laboratory of
Bacteriology and Immunology, 1230 York
Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
BRAUN, V. Institut fur Biologie II, Lehrstuhl Mikro
biologie II, Universitat Tubingen, Auf der
Morgenstelle 28, D-7400 Tubingen 1
BROWN, T.A. Department of Microbiology, Institute of
Dental Research, Comprehensive Cancer
Center, The University of Alabama in
Birmingham, University Station, Birmingham,
AL 35294, USA
BUCHANAN, TH.M. Division of Infectious Diseases, University
of Washington School of Medicine, Pacific
Medical Center, 1200 12th Avenue South,
Seattle, WA 98144, USA
XII
BURGER, D.R. Surgical Research Laboratory, Veterans
Administration Medical Center, Portland,
OR 97201, USA
CLARKE, J. European Molecular Biology Laboratory,
Postfach 10 22 40, D-6900 Heidelberg
COSTERTON, J.W. Department of Microbiology, University of
Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
DELIUS, H. European Molecular Biology Laboratory,
Postfach 10 22 40, D-6900 Heidelberg
DEVEY, M.E. Department of Medical Microbiology, London
School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
London, Great Britain
DUNCAN, Jr., R.L. Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Emory University School of Medicine,
502 Woodruff Memorial Building, Atlanta,
GA 30322, USA
DYER, D.W. Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
University of North Carolina School of
Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
FARIS, A. Department of Bacteriology, Biomedicum,
Box 583, S-751 23 Uppsala
FRANK, M.M. Laboratory of Clinical Investigation,
National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, National Institutes
of Health, Bethesda, MD 20205, USA
FROMAN, G. Connective Tissue Laboratory, Diabetes
Hospital, University of Birmingham in
Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
GOODMAN, S.A. Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Emory University School of Medicine,
Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
HAAS, R. Max-Planck-Institut fUr Medizinische
Forschung, Abteilung Molekulare Biologie
und Zentrum fUr Molekulare Biologie der
Universitat, Jahnstr. 29, D-6900 Heidelberg
HAHN, H. Institut fUr Medizinische Mikrobiologie,
Freie Universitat Berlin, D-1000 Berlin 45
HALTER, R. Max-Planck-Institut fUr Medizinische
Forschung, Abteilung Molekulare Biologie
und Zentrum fUr Molekulare Biologie der
Universitat, Jahnstr. 29, D-6900 Heidelberg