The Other Alliance: Student Protest in West Germany and the United States in the Global Sixties

365 Pages·2010·3.44 MB·English

by  Martin Klimke

The Other Alliance
AMERICAINTHEWORLD
SVENBECKERTANDJEREMISURI,serieseditors
AlsointheSeries
DavidEkbladh,TheGreatAmericanMission:Modernizationandthe
ConstructionofanAmericanWorldOrder
Andrew Zimmerman, Alabama in Africa: Booker T. Washington, the German
Empire,andtheGlobalizationoftheNewSouth
IanTyrell,ReformingtheWorld:TheCreationofAmerica’sMoralEmpire
RachelSt.John,LineintheSand:AHistoryoftheWesternU.S.–MexicoBorder
The Other Alliance
STUDENT PROTEST IN
WEST GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES
IN THE GLOBAL SIXTIES
Martin Klimke
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
PRINCETON AND OXFORD
Copyright©2010byPrincetonUniversityPress
PublishedbyPrincetonUniversityPress,41WilliamStreet,Princeton,NewJersey08540
IntheUnitedKingdom:PrincetonUniversityPress,6OxfordStreet,
Woodstock,OxfordshireOX201TW
press.princeton.edu
AllRightsReserved
Secondprinting,andfirstpaperbackprinting,2011
PaperbackISBN978-0-691-15246-2
TheLibraryofCongresshascatalogedtheclotheditionofthisbookasfollows
Klimke,Martin.
Theotheralliance:studentprotestinWestGermanyandtheUnited
Statesintheglobalsixties/MartinKlimke.
p. cm.—(Americaintheworld)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-691-13127-6(hardcover:alk.paper)1.Student
movements—United States—History—20th century. 2. Students—
United States—Political activity—History—20th century. 3. Protest
movements—UnitedStates—History—20thcentury.4.Student
movements—Internationalcooperation—History—20thcentury.
5.Studentmovements—Germany(West)—History.6.Students—
Germany(West)—Politicalactivity—History.7.Protestmovements—
Germany (West)—History. 8. Vietnam War, 1961–1975—Protest
movements—United States. 9. Vietnam War, 1961–1975—Protest
movements—Germany(West)I.Title.
LA229.K542009
373.1’81097309046—dc22 2009021743
BritishLibraryCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailable
Publicationofthisbookhasbeenaidedbythe
HeidelbergCenterforAmericanStudies(HCA),UniversityofHeidelberg.
ThisbookhasbeencomposedinSabon
Printedonacid-freepaper.∞
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
CONTENTS
ListofIllustrations vii
Abbreviations ix
Acknowledgments xiii
INTRODUCTION 1
CHAPTER1
SDSMeetsSDS 10
CHAPTER2
BetweenBerkeleyandBerlin,FrankfurtandSanFrancisco:
TheNetworksandNexusofTransnationalProtest 40
CHAPTER3
BuildingtheSecondFront:TheTransatlanticAntiwarAlliance 75
CHAPTER4
BlackandRedPanthers 108
CHAPTER5
TheOtherAllianceandtheTransatlanticPartnership 143
CHAPTER6
StudentProtestandInternationalRelations 194
CONCLUSION 236
Notes 247
ListofSources 325
Index 329

ILLUSTRATIONS
IMAGES
1. FlyercondemningtheVietnamWar,unauthorizedbythe
GermanSDS,February1966 51
2. LouisMalle’sVivaMaria!(1965)withJeanneMoreauand
BrigitteBardot 64
3. Firstsit-inattheFreeUniversityofBerlin,June22,1966 72
4. U.S.Campaignmembersduringanantiwardemonstration
withGermanstudentorganizationsonTauentzienstrasse/
Wittenbergplatz,WestBerlin,October21,1967 82
5. PanelDiscussionon“GoalsandMethodsofthe
Extra-ParliamentaryOppositioninGermanyandtheU.S.,”
WestBerlin,November28,1967 83
6. AntiwardemonstrationinWestBerlin,December10,1966 88
7. HerbertMarcuseattheFreeUniversityofBerlin,1967 91
8. SNNCRepresentativeDaleSmithspeakingatthe
VietnamCongressinWestBerlin,February17,1968 94
9. AntiwardemonstrationduringtheVietnamCongress,
February18,1968 95
10. KarlDietrichWolff’sappearancebeforetheSenate
SubcommitteeinWashington,DC(March14,1969) 106
11. SilentmarchforAfricanAmericanrights,Frankfurt,1963 111
12. Anti-ImperialistWeek,Frankfurt,November15,1969 121
13. CoversoftheBerlinundergroundjournalAgit883:
(a)Announcement(November27,1969)ofavisitbyBlack
PantherPartyrepresentativesinBerlin;(b)Callfora
counterdemonstration(May22,1970)againstaU.S.military
paradeinWestBerlin 125
14. KathleenCleaverspeaksattheUniversityofFrankfurt,
July7,1971 126
15. ThefoundingmanifestooftheRAF:“DieRoteArmee
aufbauen!”(TobuilduptheRedArmy!)inAgit883,
June5,1970 128
16. DemonstrationagainsttheVietnamWarattheOpernplatzin
FrankfurtwithAngelaDavis,February1967 135
17. “Women’sDemonstration”forAngelaDavis,Frankfurt,
March13,1971 136
viii ILLUSTRATIONS
18. AngelaDavisarrivesinEastBerlin,wheresheisenthusiastically
welcomedbyErikaHavemann(ne´eBerthold),daughter-in-law
ofrenownedEastGermandissidentRobertHavemann,
September11,1972 140
19. HeadlineinoneofBerlin’sleadingdailytabloids,the
BILD-Zeitung(April6,1967):“Berlin:Bomb-Attack
onUSVicePresident” 157
20. U.S.Campaignmembersvoicetheirprotestagainstthewar
inVietnaminademonstrationleadingtothecityhallin
Steglitz,Berlin,April29,1967 166
21. AntiwardemonstrationontheKurfu¨rstendammin
WestBerlin,October21,1967:(a)ViewofKurfu¨rstendamm
leadingtotheKaiserWilhelmMemorialChurch;
(b)Demonstratorsholdingantiwarpicketsigns 169
22. Pro-Americanrally“BerlinStandsforPeaceandFreedom”
inresponsetotheSDS’sVietnamCongressinWestBerlin,
February21,1968 176
23. Confrontationsbetweendemonstratorsandthepolice
duringriotsintheaftermathoftheshootingofRudiDutschke
inWestBerlin,April12,1968. 178
24. Demonstratorsinhardhatsfacethepoliceduringthe
“BattleatTegelerWeg”inWestBerlin,November4,1968 181
25. Demonstrationandsit-inagainsttheVietnamWarinfront
oftheU.S.ConsulateGeneralinFrankfurt,February1967 190
26. U.S.PresidentLyndonB.Johnson’scabinetdebatingstudent
protests,September18,1968 208
FIGURES
1. OrganizationchartoftheInter-AgencyYouthCommittee,
1962–72 149
2. InstitutionalaffiliationoftheInter-AgencyYouthCommittee
intheDepartmentofState 198
3. CIAchartsonglobalstudentunrestusedduring
PresidentJohnson’sCabinetMeeting,September18,1968.
(a)“TheStudentExplosion”;(b)“EscalatingTactics” 210–211
ABBREVIATIONS
AH AmericaHouse/Amerika-Haus
AID AgencyforInternationalDevelopment
APO AußerparlamentarischeOpposition(alsoEPO)
APOB Archive“APOundsozialeBewegungen,”Free
UniversityofBerlin
ASTA AllgemeinerStudierendenAusschuß(StudentGovernment)
BKA Bundeskriminalamt(FederalCriminalPoliceOffice)
BPP BlackPantherParty
BV Bundesvorstand(NationalOffice)
CF ChronologicalFile
CIA CentralIntelligenceAgency
CND CampaignforNuclearDisarmament
CREST CIARecordsSearchTool,U.S.NationalArchivesII,
CollegePark,Maryland
CU BureauofEducationalandCulturalAffairs,
DepartmentofState
CU/ CU–OfficeofPolicyandPlans
OPP
DK Delegiertenkonferenz(NationalConvention)
DOS DepartmentofState
EPO Extra-ParliamentaryOpposition(alsoAPO)
ESU E´tudiantsSocialistesUnifie´s,France
EUR BureauofEuropeanAffairs,DepartmentofState
FBI FederalBureauofIntelligence
FNL FrontNationalpourlaLibe´rationduSudVieˆtNam
(alsoNLF)
FRG FederalRepublicofGermany(BundesrepublikDeutschland)
FRUS ForeignRelationsoftheUnitedStates
FSM FreeSpeechMovement
FSO ForeignServiceOfficer
FU FreieUniversita¨tBerlin(FreeUniversityofBerlin)
FY FiscalYear
GAI German-AmericanInstitute
GDR GermanDemocraticRepublic(DeutscheDemokratische
Republik)
GUL GeorgetownUniversityLibrary,SpecialCollections,
Washington,D.C.
G/Y UndersecretaryofPoliticalAffairs,DepartmentofState