The Neurospora Compendium: Chromosomal Loci

337 Pages·2000·24.42 MB·English

by  David D. Perkins

THE
NEUROSPORA
COMPENDIUM
Chromosomal Loci
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FRONTISPIECE Barbara McClintock's unpublished sketches of the seven Neurospora crassa chromosomes. Pachytene
bivalents stained with aceto-orcein. Courtesy of E. G. Barry.
THE
N E U R O S P O R A
C O M P E N D I U M
Chromosomal Loci
David D. Perkins
Department of Biological Sciences
Stanford University
Stanford, California
Alan Radford Matthew S. Sachs
School of Biology Department of Biochemistry,
Leeds University and Molecular Biology
Leeds, United Kingdom Oregon Graduate Institute of
Science and Technology
Beaverton, Oregon
ACADEMIC PRESS
A Harcourt Science and Technology Company
SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO NEW YORK BOSTON LONDON SYDNEY TOKYO
Cover photograph: Rodlets on the surface of wild-type Neurospora
crassa conidia. The hydrophobic rodlets promote aerial dissemination
by keeping the conidia dry and powdery. Rodlets consist of a secreted
hydrophobin, which is specified by the gene eas (easily wettable).
Scanning EM photograph of freeze-etched material. Reprinted with
permission from Nature [ref. (142)]. Copyright 1978 Macmillan
Magazines Ltd.
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Contents
PREFACE vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
I Introduction 1
Resources 3
II Information on Individual Loci
Explanatory Foreword 7
Synonymous Gene Symbols 8
Alphabetical Entries for Genes and Other Loci 12
Appendix 1 Neurospora Genetic Nomenclature 199
Appendix 2 Genetic Maps and Mapped Loci 207
Appendix 3 Data for RFLP Mapping 231
Appendix 4 The Neurospora crassa Mitochondrial
Genome 241
Appendix 5 Expressed Sequences from Different Stages of
the Neurospora Life Cycle" Putative
Identification of cDNAs 243
References 261
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Preface
Those who work with Neurospora have chosen the numerous problems that cannot be investigated effectively
organism for a variety of reasons. B. O. Dodge, who using bacteria or yeast.
described the sexual phase in 1927 and who pioneered A combination of features make Neurospora ideal for
analysis of the Neurospora life cycle, was so impressed by studying circadian rhythms, vegetative incompatibility,
its advantages for genetic work that he tried to persuade mitochondria and mitochondrial plasmids, and nuclear
T. H. Morgan and his Drosophila group to adopt the trafficking in the common cytoplasm of a heterokaryon.
organism. Although not persuaded, Morgan encouraged a Meiosis and ascospore differentiation occur without cell
graduate student, Carl Lindegren, to explore the potential- division within a single giant cell, the ascus, where the
ities of Neurospora. Ten years later, knowledge of Dodge's morphology and precisely programmed movements of
and Lindegren's work led Beadle and Tatum to adopt chromosomes, nuclei, and organelles can be observed
Neurospora in their search for nutritional mutants, with effectively with the light microscope. Natural populations
the result that Neurospora gained wide recogn are readily sampled.
became the fungal counterpart of Drosophila. Their 1941 In the six decades since Beadle and Tatum, Neurospora
paper "Control of Biochemical Reactions in Neurospora" workers have accumulated a wealth of biological and
broke down the barriers that had separated biochemistry genetic information. Correspondingly rich resources have
and genetics. The Neurospora work went on to establish become available for research. Genetically characterized
the similarity of genetic mechanisms in fungi to those wild-type and mutant strains and strains from worldwide
in Drosophila, maize, and other "higher" eukaryotes. It natural populations can be obtained from a stock center.
also inspired genetic studies of other microorganisms m Genomic and cDNA libraries, clone banks, and individual
Escherichia coli, Chlamydomonas, Aspergillus, Sordaria, cloned genes are available. Physical mapping and genome
Ustilago, Saccharomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, Coprinus, sequencing are in progress.
Podospora, Ascobolus, Schizophyllum, Ophiostoma, In 1982, information on all known chromosomal genes
Cochliobolus, Magnaporthe, and others. was brought together by Perkins, Radford, Newmeyer, and
Neurospora is not only phylogenetically distinct from Bj6rkman for publication in Microbiological Reviews in a
Saccharomyces, but also more complex in both structure summary paper popularly known as the "compendium."
and life cycle. More than half the expressed genes identified The present volume is its successor.
thus far in Neurospora crassa have no recognizable
homolog in the yeast genome. Although E. coli and David Perkins
Saccharomyces have become the workhorses of genetics
Alan Radford
and molecular biology, Neurospora remains the preferred
model for filamentous fungi and the organism of choice for Matthew Sachs
vii
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Acknowledgments
We are deeply grateful to the many colleagues who (Fig. 50), Tom Schmidhauser (Fig. 7), and Matthew
provided unpublished information or examined parts of Springer (Figs. 14, 23, 28, 29, 35, 58, and 60). Photographic
the text and helped improve its accuracy and completeness. prints of previously published figures were made available
Unpublished sources are acknowledged by citation in the by Ross Beever, Ramesh Maheshwari, N. B. Raju, and
References section. Those who reviewed entries in their Matthew Springer.
areas of specialization are too numerous to name. Mary Work in our laboratories was supported by Grants
Anne Nelson was especially helpful in providing new AI-01462 and K6-GM-4899 from the National Institutes
EST and RFLP information from the University of New of Health and MCB-9728675 from the National Science
Mexico Genome Project. We thank Dorothy Newmeyer for Foundation to D.D.P., Grants GM-47498 from the
continued encouragement and advice. Previously unpub- National Institutes of Health and MCB-9630910 from
lished diagrams or photographs have been contributed by the National Science Foundation to M.S.S., and grants from
Barry Bowman (Fig. 66), David Catcheside (Fig. 57), Marta the UK Biotechnical and Biological Sciences Research
Goodrich-Tanrikulu (Figs. 17 and 18), George Marzluf Council to A.R.