The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Assyrian Christians of Urmi (4 vols)

1920 Pages·2016·1.2 MB·English

by  Geoffrey Khan

Studies in
Semitic Languages
and Linguistics
EditorialBoard
A.D.RubinandAhmadAl-Jallad
volume86
Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/ssl
The Neo-Aramaic Dialect of
the Assyrian Christians of Urmi
volume1
grammar: phonology and morphology
By
GeoffreyKhan
leiden | boston
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FortheAssyriansofUrmi
∵

Contents
Preface xxxi
Abbreviations xxxiii
References xxxv
Introduction 1
0.1 TheAssyrianChristiansofUrmi 1
0.2 LiteraryandVernacularFormsoftheC.UrmiDialect 7
0.3 PreviousScholarshipontheC.UrmiDialect 11
0.4 AimofThisWork 20
0.5 ThePositionofC.UrmiwithintheNeo-AramaicDialects 22
0.6 VarietiesoftheC.UrmiDialect 28
0.7 LanguagesinContact 37
0.8 InterferencefromtheLiteraryLanguage 40
0.9 RelationshipofC.UrmitoJ.Urmi 42
0.10 MethodologyandLayoutoftheWork 44
1 Phonology 48
1.1 ConsonantPhonemes 48
1.2 VowelPhonemes 48
1.3 SuprasegmentalEmphasis 50
1.3.1 IntroductoryRemarks 50
1.3.2 LongStressedVowels 53
1.3.3 ShortStressedVowels 62
1.3.4 ShortUnstressedVowels 68
1.3.5 DialectDifferencesinVowels 74
1.3.6 Consonants 76
1.4 NotesonthePhoneticRealizationofSelectedConsonants 92
1.4.1 LaryngalSettingsofUnvoicedStopsandAffricates 92
1.4.1.1 IntroductoryRemarks 92
1.4.1.2 /p/,/p̂/,/b/ 95
1.4.1.3 /t/,/ṱ/,/d/ 99
1.4.1.4 /č/,/c/̭̌ ,/j/ 100
1.4.1.5 /c/,/c/̭ ,/ɟ/ 101
1.4.1.6 /k/̭ 103
1.4.2 /v/ 103
1.4.3 /s/,/š/,/z/ 103
1.4.4 /x/ 103
viii contents
1.4.5 /h/,/ʾ/ 104
1.4.6 /n/ 107
1.4.7 /r/ 107
1.5 PhonologicalAspectsofEmphasis 107
1.5.1 PhonologicalAnalysisandHistoricalBackground 107
1.5.2 ThePhonologicalDomainofEmphasis 131
1.5.3 EarlierTreatmentsofEmphasisintheC.UrmiDialect 135
1.6 PhoneticProcessesRelatingtoVoicing 140
1.7 VowelLength 143
1.7.1 TheVowels/i/,/e/,/a/,/o/,/u/ 143
1.7.1.1 StressedOpenSyllables 143
1.7.1.2 PretonicOpenSyllables 145
1.7.1.3 Pro-PretonicOpenSyllables 146
1.7.1.4 VowelsinPost-StressOpenSyllables 146
1.7.1.5 ClosedSyllables 148
1.7.1.6 Post-StressFinalClosedSyllable 149
1.7.2 TheVowel/ə/ 150
1.8 Diphthongs 151
1.9 HistoricalBackgroundofConsonants 160
1.9.1 TheBGDKPTConsonants 160
1.9.1.1 *b 160
1.9.1.2 *p 162
1.9.1.3 *t 165
1.9.1.4 *d 166
1.9.1.5 *k 167
1.9.1.6 *g 168
1.9.2 PharyngalsandLaryngals 169
1.9.2.1 *ḥ 169
1.9.2.2 *ʿ 170
1.9.2.3 *h 172
1.9.2.4 *ʾ 172
1.9.3 *ṭ 173
1.9.4 *ṣ 174
1.9.5 *q 174
1.9.6 /č/,/j/,/c/̭̌ 175
1.9.7 /r/ 176
1.9.8 /ġ/ 176
1.9.9 /ž/ 177
1.9.10 /f/ 177
1.10 SoundSymbolism 178
contents ix
1.11 HistoricalBackgroundofVowels 186
1.11.1 /i/ 186
1.11.2 /e/ 188
1.11.3 /a/ 188
1.11.4 /ə/ 189
1.11.5 /o/ 190
1.11.6 /u/ 190
1.12 HistoricalBackgroundofDiphthongs 191
1.12.1 /uy/ 191
1.12.2 TheDiphthong/ay/ 192
1.12.3 DiphthongsResultingfromContractions 193
1.13 GeminationofConsonants 194
1.13.1 DistributionofGemination 194
1.13.2 TheOriginofConsonantGemination 194
1.13.2.1 AssimilationofConsonants 194
1.13.2.2 GeminationInheritedfromMorphological
Patterns 195
1.13.2.3 SecondaryGeminationafterShortVowels 196
1.13.2.3.1 AfteraShortVowelinanOpen
Syllable 196
1.13.2.3.2 AfteranEpenthetic*ə 199
1.13.2.3.3 V̄C>VCC 199
1.13.2.3.4 GeminationofWord-Initial
Consonant 200
1.14 SyllableStructure 200
1.15 Phonotactics 212
1.15.1 ConsonantalClusters 212
1.15.2 PhonotacticBoundaries 215
1.16 ElisionofConsonantsandVowels 218
1.16.1 ElisionofConsonants 218
1.16.2 ElisionofFinalVowels 220
1.16.3 ElisionacrossWordBoundaries 221
1.17 StrongandWeakForms 224
1.18 WordStress 225
1.18.1 PreliminaryRemarks 225
1.18.2 Pronouns 225
1.18.3 NounsandAdjectives 226
1.18.4 Verbs 228
1.18.4.1 VerbalFormsDerivedfromPresentandPast
Templates 228
x contents
1.18.4.2 ImperativeForms 229
1.18.5 Numerals 229
1.18.6 AdverbialParticles 231
1.18.7 WordswithEnclitics 232
1.18.8 DiscourseMotivatedStressShifts 233
1.19 StressGroups 234
1.19.1 PreliminaryRemarks 234
1.19.2 Numeral+CountedNominal 235
1.19.2.1 StressontheNominal 235
1.19.2.2 StressontheNumeral 235
1.19.2.3 StressonBothComponents 235
1.19.3 Negator+Verb/Nominal/Adverbial 235
1.19.3.1 StressontheNegator 235
1.19.3.2 StressontheNegatedItem 236
1.19.3.3 StressonBothComponents 236
1.19.4 AttributiveDemonstrative+Nominal 236
1.19.4.1 StressontheNominal 236
1.19.4.2 StressontheDemonstrative 236
1.19.4.3 StressonBothComponents 236
1.19.5 Quantifier+Complement 236
1.19.5.1 StressontheNominal 237
1.19.5.2 StressontheQuantifier 237
1.19.5.3 StressonBothComponents 237
1.19.6 PrepositionsandPrepositionalPhrases 237
1.19.6.1 StressonComplementofPreposition 237
1.19.6.2 StressonPrepositionandComplement 237
1.19.7 StressGroupsConsistingofMoreThanTwoWords 237
2 Pronouns 238
2.1 IndependentPersonalPronouns 238
2.2 DemonstrativePronouns 238
2.2.1 IndependentNearDeixisPronouns 239
2.2.2 IndependentMediumDeixisPronouns 239
2.2.3 IndependentFarDeixisPronouns 240
2.2.4 IndependentDefaultDemonstrativePronouns 240
2.2.5 AttributiveNearDeixisPronouns 240
2.2.6 AttributiveMediumDeixisPronouns 241
2.2.7 AttributiveFarDeixisPronouns 241
2.2.8 AttributiveDefaultDemonstrativePronouns 241
2.3 PronominalGenitiveSuffixesonNounsandPrepositions 242
contents xi
2.4 TheIndependentGenitiveParticle 245
2.5 ReflexivePronoun 245
2.6 PronounofIsolation 245
2.7 ReciprocalPronoun 246
2.8 InterrogativePronouns 246
3 Copula 248
3.1 PresentCopula 248
3.2 PastCopula 251
3.3 DeicticCopulas 253
3.3.1 NearDeicticCopula 253
3.3.2 FarDeicticCopula 253
3.4 NegativePresentCopula 253
3.5 NegativePastCopula 254
4 Verbs 255
4.1 VerbalRoots 255
4.2 VerbalPatterns 260
Patterni 260
Patternii 260
Patterniii 261
Quadriliterali 261
Quadriliteralii 261
4.3 InflectionalSuffixes 264
4.3.1 S-Suffixes 264
4.3.2 L-Suffixes 265
4.3.3 InflectionofthePresentTemplatewithS-Suffixes 266
4.3.3.1 Patterni 266
4.3.3.2 Patternii 266
4.3.3.3 Patterniii 267
4.3.3.4 Quadriliteral 268
4.3.4 InflectionofthePastTemplatewithL-Suffixes 269
4.3.4.1 Patterni 269
4.3.4.2 Patternii 270
4.3.4.3 Patterniii 270
4.3.4.4 Quadriliteral 270
4.3.4.5 RootsEndingin/n/or/r/ 271
4.3.5 InflectionofthePastTemplatewithS-Suffixes 271
4.3.5.1 Patterni 272
4.3.5.2 Patternii 273