Table Of ContentStudien des Leibniz-Instituts Hessische Stiftung
Friedens- und Konfliktforschung
Azer Babayev · Bruno Schoch
Hans-Joachim Spanger Editors
The Nagorno-
Karabakh deadlock
Insights from successful
conflict settlements
Studien des Leibniz-Instituts
Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und
Konfliktforschung
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vom Leibniz-Institut Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Koniflktforschung (HSFK/
PRIF), Frankfurt am Main.
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Azer Babayev · Bruno Schoch ·
Hans-Joachim Spanger
Editors
The Nagorno-Karabakh
deadlock
Insights from successful conflict
settlements
Editors
Azer Babayev Bruno Schoch
ADA University PRIF – Peace and Research Institute
Baku, Azerbaijan Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Hans-Joachim Spanger
PRIF – Peace and Research Institute
Frankfurt
Frankfurt am Main, Germany
Studien des Leibniz-Instituts Hessische Stiftung Friedens- und Konfliktforschung
ISBN 978-3-658-25198-7 ISBN 978-3-658-25199-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25199-4
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Acknowledgements
This book has grown out of a research project at the Peace Research Institute
Frankfurt (PRIF), Member of the Leibniz Association, on models of how to s ettle
ethno-territorial coniflcts and their applicability to the Nagorno-Karabakh coniflct.
The project started with a conference series on the issue of coniflct settlement in the
Southern Caucasus with a specicfi focus on the Armenian-Azerbaijani coniflct. The
conferences were organized by PRIF and took place from 23 until 27 November
2012 in Frankfurt and from 22 until 27 June 2015 in Tbilisi. The German Academic
Exchange Service (DAAD) generously funded both conferences. We equally express
our gratitude to the Council of State Support to Non-Governmental Organizations
(Baku) whose support made it possible to conduct the in-depth case studies, includ-
ing efi ld research and interviews, on settling ethno-territorial coniflcts in this volume.
The book could not have been completed without many people who engaged
in the project. In addition to the three authors of this book, four supplementary
case studies were contributed by Thorsten Gromes, Egbert Jahn and Bernhard
Moltmann. They were also members of the project team, which conducted regu-
lar discussions on many key issues. This also applies to Jana Wattenberg und Lea
Mulyono, who made invaluable contributions as research assistants. They were
supported by Jennet Charyyeva, Gunay Guliyeva and Mareen Kölker in gather-
ing and processing the many dispersed data on ethno-territorial coniflcts and their
settlement over the course of the last hundred years. Vera Rogova and Anastasia
Kamarauli were extremely helpful in organizing the kick-off conferences. We
wish to thank them all.
We also want to pay tribute to Anna Güttel, Fannina Waubert de Puiseau,
Nancy du Plessis and Nick Charles Gemmell who translated most of the chapters
from German into English. And not least, we are particularly grateful to Cornelia
Heß and Cornelia Barth for their careful editing and preparation of the final
manuscript.
v
vi Acknowledgements
Our thanks also go to the numerous academic experts and experienced prac-
titioners, who made themselves available for interviews and background discus-
sions during the field research trips of our project members. However, we alone
take responsibility for all of the book’s content and any unintended errors or
shortcomings.
Contents
1 Introduction .............................................. 1
Bruno Schoch and Hans-Joachim Spanger
Part I Nagorno-Karabakh and ethno-territorial conflict settlement
2 Nagorno-Karabakh: The Genesis and Dynamics of the Conflict ... 17
Azer Babayev
3 Settling Ethno-Territorial Conflict ........................... 39
Azer Babayev, Bruno Schoch and Hans-Joachim Spanger
Part II Case studies of ethno-territorial conflict settlement
4 Introduction to the Case Studies ............................. 73
Hans-Joachim Spanger
5 Åland: A Precedent for Internationally Safeguarded Autonomy ... 81
Egbert Jahn
6 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Persistent Divisions .................. 101
Thorsten Gromes
7 Kosovo: Monitored Secession ................................ 119
Bruno Schoch
8 South Tyrol: From “Ethnic Reparcelling” to an
Archetype for Settling Ethno-Territorial Conflicts .............. 143
Bruno Schoch
vii
viii Contents
9 Trieste: A State on Paper, Partition in Praxis ................... 169
Bruno Schoch
10 Cyprus: Trial and Failure of a Political Solution ................ 189
Azer Babayev
11 Northern Ireland: A Compromise Between
Unwilling Antagonists ...................................... 213
Bernhard Moltmann
12 Quebec: Fluctuation Between Autonomy and Secession .......... 231
Egbert Jahn
Part III Results and conclusions
13 Models for Settling Ethno-Territorial Conflicts ................. 257
Hans-Joachim Spanger
14 A Way Out for Nagorno-Karabakh: Autonomy,
Secession—or What Else? .................................. 277
Azer Babayev and Hans-Joachim Spanger
Editors and Contributors
About the Editors
Dr Azer Babayev is Assistant Professor of Political Science at ADA University
(Baku) and Associate Fellow at the Peace Research Institute Frankfurt. In 2009,
he received his Doctorate from the University of Mannheim. Prior to joining
ADA University in 2014, he held a Postdoctoral Fellowship at PRIF from 2009
until 2013. His current teaching and research interests are in the areas of peace
studies and conflict resolution as well as international democracy promotion, with
a focus on the post-Soviet space.
Dr Bruno Schoch is Associated Researcher at the Peace Research Institute
Frankfurt. He is an expert in analyzing nationalism, ethno-territorial conflicts
and democratization processes in Europe. Until 2017, he was the co-editor of
the Peace Report, the joint yearbook of the five peace research institutes in the
Federal Republic of Germany. He was teaching at the Universities of Frankfurt,
Darmstadt, Gießen and Innsbruck. From 2002 to 2006, he was a member in the
“Balkan Forum” of the Bertelsmann Foundation, the Center for Applied Policy
Research and the Policy Planning Staff of the German Foreign Ministry.
Dr Hans-Joachim Spanger is Head of the Dissemination Division at the Peace
Research Institute Frankfurt. From 1997 until 2015 he was member of the Insti-
tute’s Executive Board. Among others he is Regional Coordinator for Eurasia
of the “Bertelsmann Transformation Index”, member of the German-Russian
“Petersburg Dialogue” and since 2017 Visiting Professor at the National Research
University—Higher School of Economics in Moscow. In 1997 he founded the
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