The Metabolism of Arsenite

206 Pages·2012·5.105 MB·English

by  Joanne M. Santini, Seamus A. Ward

THEMETABOLISMOFARSENITE
Arsenic in the Environment
Series Editors
Jochen Bundschuh
UniversityofSouthernQueensland(USQ),Toowoomba,Australia
KTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology,Stockholm,Sweden
Prosun Bhattacharya
KTH-InternationalGroundwaterArsenicResearchGroup,DepartmentofLand
andWaterResourcesEngineering,KTHRoyalInstituteofTechnology,
Stockholm,Sweden
ISSN:1876-6218
Volume 5
CreditforFrontCoverPhoto:
PhotographbyHeatherJamieson,Queen’sUniversity,Kingston,Ontario,Canada
Microbial biofilm from Giant Mine,Yellowknife, NorthwestTerritories, Canada. The biofilm
waslocatedgrowinginanabandonedstopebelowseepagefromadiamonddrillholeapproxi-
mately152mbelowchamberswherearsenictrioxidefromroastingoperationshasbeenstored
(230mbelowlandsurface).Thebiofilm,whichisabout2minlength,hashighlevelsofarsenic
(i.e.>1gL−1)andcontainsmembersofallthreedomainsofLife:Bacteria,ArchaeaandEukarya.
TheBackcoverstructureofarsenitewasmadebyWolgangNitschke,CNRS,Marseille,France
The Metabolism of Arsenite
Editors
JoanneM.Santini&SeamusA.Ward
InstituteofStructuralandMolecularBiology,
UniversityCollegeLondon,UK
CRCPress/BalkemaisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness
©2012Taylor&FrancisGroup,London,UK
TypesetbyMPSLimited,Chennai,India
PrintedandboundinTheNetherlandsbyPrintSupport4U,Meppel.
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationortheinformationcontainedhereinmaybe
reproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,
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Althoughallcareistakentoensureintegrityandthequalityofthispublicationandthe
informationherein,noresponsibilityisassumedbythepublishersnortheauthorforany
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Publishedby: CRCPress/Balkema
P.O.Box447,2300AKLeiden,TheNetherlands
e-mail:[email protected]
www.crcpress.com–www.taylorandfrancis.com
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Themetabolismofarsenite/[editedby]JoanneM.Santini,SeamusA.Ward.—1sted.
p.cm.—(Arsenicintheenvironment)
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-415-69719-4(hardback)
1. Arsenic—Metabolism. 2. Arsenic—Environmentalaspects. 3. Drinking
water—Arseniccontent. 4. Arsenicinthebody. 5. Arseniccycle
(Biogeochemistry) I. Santini,JoanneM. II. Ward,SeamusA.
TD427.A77M48 2012
612.3’926—dc23
2012003955
ISBN:978-0-415-69719-4(Hbk)
ISBN:978-0-203-12018-7(eBook)
About the book series
Althougharsenichasbeenknownasa‘silenttoxin’sinceancienttimes,andthecontaminationof
drinkingwaterresourcesbygeogenicarsenicwasdescribedindifferentlocationsaroundtheworld
longago–e.g.,inArgentinain1917–itwasonlytwodecadesagothatitreceivedoverwhelming
worldwidepublicattention.Asaconsequenceofthebiggestarseniccalamityintheworld,which
was detected more than twenty years back in Bangladesh, West Bengal, India and other parts
of Southeast Asia, there has been an exponential rise in scientific interest that has triggered
highqualityresearch. Sincethen, arseniccontamination(predominantlyofgeogenicorigin)of
drinkingwaterresources,soils,plantsandair,thepropagationofarsenicinthefoodchain,the
chroniceffectsofarsenicingestionbyhumans,andtheirtoxicologicalandrelatedpublichealth
consequences,havebeendescribedinmanypartsoftheworld,andeveryyear,evenmorenew
countriesorregionsarediscoveredtohavearsenicproblems.
Arsenic is found as a drinking water contaminant in many regions all around the world, in
both developing as well as industrialized countries. However, addressing the problem requires
differentapproacheswhichtakeintoaccountthedifferenteconomicandsocialconditionsinboth
countrygroups.Ithasbeenestimatedthat200millionpeopleworldwideareatriskfromdrinking
watercontaininghighconcentrationsofarsenic,anumberwhichisexpectedtofurtherincrease
duetotherecentloweringofthelimitsofarsenicconcentrationindrinkingwaterto10µgL−1,
whichhasalreadybeenadoptedbymanycountries, andsomeauthoritiesareevenconsidering
decreasingthisvaluefurther.
The book series ‘Arsenic in the Environment’ is an inter- and multidisciplinary source of
information,makinganefforttolinktheoccurrenceofgeogenicarsenicindifferentenvironments
andthepotentialcontaminationofgroundandsurfacewater,soilandairandtheireffectonthe
human society. The series fulfills the growing interest in the worldwide arsenic issue, which
isbeingaccompaniedbystrongerregulationsonthepermissibleMaximumContaminantLevels
(MCL)ofarsenicindrinkingwaterandfood,whicharebeingadoptednotonlybytheindustrialized
countries,butincreasinglybydevelopingcountries.
Thebookseriescoversallfieldsofresearchconcerningarsenicintheenvironmentandaims
topresentanintegratedapproachfromitsoccurrenceinrocksandmobilizationintotheground-
and surface water, soil and air, its transport therein, and the pathways of arsenic introduction
intothefoodchainincludinguptakebyhumans.Humanarsenicexposure,arsenicbioavailabil-
ity, metabolism and toxicology are treated together with related public health effects and risk
assessments in order to better manage the contaminated land and aquatic environments and to
reducehumanarsenicexposure.Arsenicremovaltechnologiesandothermethodologiestomiti-
gatethearsenicproblemareaddressednotonlyfromthetechnologicalperspective,butalsofrom
an economic and social point of view. Only such inter- and multidisciplinary approaches, will
allowcase-specificselectionofoptimalmitigationmeasuresforeachspecificarsenicproblem
andprovidethelocalpopulationwithsafedrinkingwater,food,andair.
Wehavetheambitiontomakethisbookseriesaninternational, multi-andinterdisciplinary
sourceofknowledgeandaplatformforarsenicresearchorientedtothedirectsolutionofproblems
withconsiderablesocialimpactandrelevanceratherthansimplyfocusingoncuttingedgeand
breakthroughresearchinphysical,chemical,toxicologicalandmedicalsciences.Thebookseries
will also form a consolidated source of information on the worldwide occurrences of arsenic,
which otherwise is dispersed and often hard to access. It will also have role in increasing the
VII
VIII Aboutthebookseries
awarenessandknowledgeofthearsenicproblemamongadministrators,policymakersandcom-
panyexecutivesandinimprovinginternationalandbilateralcooperationonarseniccontamination
anditseffects.
Consequently, weseethisbookseriesasacomprehensiveinformationbase, whichincludes
authoredoreditedbooksfromworld-leadingscientistsontheirspecificfieldofarsenicresearch,
butalsocontainsvolumeswithselectedpapersfrominternationalorregionalcongressesorother
scientificevents.Further,theabstractspresentedduringthehomonymousbiannualinternational
congressseries,whichweorganizeindifferentpartsoftheworldisbeingcompiledinastand-
alonebookseries‘ArsenicintheEnvironment–Proceedings’thatwouldgiveshortandcrispstate
oftheartperiodicupdatesofthecontemporarytrendsinarsenic-relatedresearch.Bothseriesare
openforanyperson,scientificassociation,societyorscientificnetwork,forthesubmissionof
newbookprojects.Supportedbyastrongmulti-disciplinaryeditorialboard,bookproposalsand
manuscriptsarepeerreviewedandevaluated.
JochenBundschuh
ProsunBhattacharya
(SeriesEditors)
Editorial board
KaziMatinAhmed DepartmentofGeology,UniversityofDhaka,Dhaka1000,
Bangladesh
E-mail:[email protected]
MohammadAlauddin DepartmentofChemistry,WagnerCollege,StatenIsland,
NY10301,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
SüerAnaç DepartmentofIrrigationandAgriculturalStructures,
FacultyofAgriculture,EgeUniversity,Izmir,Turkey
E-mail:[email protected]
MichaelBerg Eawag,SwissFederalInstituteofAquaticScience
andTechnology,8600Duebendorf,Switzerland
E-mail:[email protected]
MarekBryjak DepartmentPolymer&CarbonMaterials,WroclawUniversity
ofTechnology,Wroclaw,Poland
E-mail:[email protected]
JoséA.Centeno DepartmentofEnvironmentalandInfectiousDiseaseSciences,
USArmedForcesInstituteofPathology,Washington,DC
20306-6000,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
D.Chandrasekharam DepartmentofEarthSciences,IndianInstitute
ofTechnology-Bombay,Mumbai400076,India
E-mail:[email protected]
LaurentCharlet EarthandPlanetaryScienceDepartment(LGIT-OSUG),
UniversityofGrenoble-I,BP5338041Grenoble,France
E-mail:[email protected]
Chien-JenChen GenomicsResearchCenter,AcademiaSinica,
TaipeiCity115,Taiwan
E-mail:[email protected]
VirginiaCiminelli DepartmentofMetallurgicalandMaterialsEngineering,
UniversidadeFederaldeMinasGerais,
35/206-BeloHorizonte-MG30160-030,Brazil
E-mail:[email protected]
LuisH.Cumbal CentrodeInvestigacionesCientificas,EscuelaPolitecnicadel
Ejercito(ESPE),Sangolqui,Ecuador
E-mail:[email protected]
LuzMariaDelRazo DepartmentofToxicology,CINVESTAV-IPN,07360Mexico
City,Mexico
E-mail:[email protected]
VicentaDevesa InstitutodeAgroquímicayTecnologíadeAlimentos(IATA),
46100Burjassot,Valencia,Spain
E-mail:[email protected]
MaríaEugeniaGonsebatt InstitutodeInvestigacionesBiomédicas,UniversidadNacional
Autónoma
E-mail:[email protected]
IX
X Editorialboard
LuizR.G.Guilherme SoilScienceDepartment,UniversidadeFederaldeLavras,
37200-000Lavras(MG)Brazil
E-mail:[email protected]
NazmulHaque Kleinfelder,Hanover,MD21076,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
BruceAlexanderHendry ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,CapePeninsulaUniversity
ofTechnology,Belville,CapeTown,SouthAfrica
E-mail:[email protected]
JanHoinkis InstituteofAppliedResearch,KarlsruheUniversityofApplied
Sciences,76133Karlsruhe,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]
Jiin-ShuhJean DepartmentofEarthSciences,NationalChengKungUniversity,
TainanCity701,Taiwan
E-mail:[email protected]
NalanKabay ChemicalEngineeringDepartment,EngineeringFaculty,
EgeUniversity,35100Bornova,Izmir,Turkey
E-mail:[email protected]
AnnaKarczewska InstituteofSoilSciencesandEnvironmentalProtection,
WroclawUniversityofEnvironmentalandLifeSciences,
50375Wroclaw,Poland
E-mail:[email protected]
DouglasB.Kent USGeologicalSurvey,MenloPark,CA94025,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
Kyoung-WoongKim DepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandEngineering,
GwangjuInstituteofScienceandTechnology,Buk-gu,
Gwangju500-712,SouthKorea
E-mail:[email protected]
KirkT.Kitchin NHEERL,USEPA,ResearchTrianglePark,
NC27711,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
WalterKlimecki DepartmentofPharmacologyandToxicology,University
ofArizona,Tucson,AZ85721-0207,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
MartaLitter GerenciaQuímica,CentroAtómicoConstituyentes,
ComisiónNacionaldeEnergíaAtómica
Gral.SanMartín,1650SanMartín,Argentina
E-mail:[email protected]
JonR.Lloyd SchoolofEarth,AtmosphericandEnvironmentalSciences,
TheUniversityofManchester,Manchester,M139PL,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
DinaL.López DepartmentofGeologicalSciences,OhioUniversity,Athens,
OH45701,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
LenaMa Soil&WaterScienceDept.,
InstituteofFood&AgriculturalSciences,
UniversityofFlorida,Gainesville,FL326110290
E-mail:[email protected]
JörgMatschullat InterdisciplinaryEnvironmentalResearchCentre(IÖZ),
TUBergakademieFreiberg,09599Freiberg,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]
AndrewMeharg InstituteofBiologicalandEnvironmentalSciences,University
ofAberdeen,Aberdeen,AB510BT,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
Editorialboard XI
ArunB.Mukherjee EnvironmentalSciences,DepartmentofBiologicaland
EnvironmentalSciences,UniversityofHelsinki,Helsinki,
00014,Finland
E-mail:[email protected]
RavendraNaidu UniversityofSouthAustralia,MawsonLakeCampus,
MawsonLake,SA,Australia
E-mail:[email protected]
JackNg NationalResearchCentreforEnvironmentalToxicology,
TheUniversityofQueensland,Brisbane,Australia
E-mail:[email protected]
RossNickson WAFairhurstandPartners,Aberdeen,
UK(formerlyUNICEF,Kolkata,India)
E-mail:[email protected]
D.KirkNordstrom USGeologicalSurvey,Boulder,CO80303,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
FaruqueParvez DepartmentofEnvironmentalHealthSciences,MailmanSchool
ofPublicHealth,ColumbiaUniversity,NewYork,NY10032
E-mail:[email protected]
BranislavPetrusevski UNESCOIHEInstituteforWaterEducation,
2601DADelft,TheNetherlands
E-mail:[email protected]
ThomasPichler DepartmentofGeosciencesGEOI,UniversityofBremen,
28334Bremen,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]
BrittaPlaner-Friedrich FakultätfürBiologie,ChemieundGeowissenschaften,
UniversitätBayreuth,95440Bayreuth,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]
DavidPolya SchoolofEarth,AtmosphericandEnvironmentalSciences,
TheUniversityofManchester,Manchester,M139PL,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
PeterRavenscroft EntecUKLtd.,TrinityHouse,CambridgeBusinessPark,
Cambridge,CB40WZ,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
BernabeRivas FacultyofChemistry,Universityof
Concepción,
E-mail:[email protected]
ThomasR.Rüde InstituteofHydrogeology,RWTHAachenUniversity,
52056Aachen,Germany
E-mail:[email protected]
JoanneM.Santini InstituteofStructuralandMolecularBiology,
UniversityCollegeLondon,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
OlleSelinus GeologicalSurveyofSweden(SGU),75128Uppsala,
Sweden
E-mail:[email protected]
ArupK.Sengupta DepartmentofCivilandEnvironmentalEngineering
atLehighUniversity,Bethlehem,PA,USA
E-mail:[email protected]
PaulineL.Smedley BritishGeologicalSurvey,Wallingford,OX108BB,UK
E-mail:[email protected]
KennethG.Stollenwerk USGeologicalSurvey,Denver,CO,USA
E-mail:[email protected]