The Influence of Antibiotics on the Host-Parasite Relationship

275 Pages·1982·7.69 MB·English

by  H.-U. Eickenberg (auth.)

The Influence
of Antibiotics on
the Host -Parasite
Relationship
Edited by
H.-U. Eickenberg H. Hahn W.Opferkuch
With 89 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982
Professor Dr. HANS-UDO EICKENBERG, F.A.C.S.
Chefarzt der Urologischen Klinik
St. Franziskus-Hospital, KiskerstraBe 26
4800 Bielefeld 1, FRG
Professor Dr. HELMUT HAHN
Institut flir Medizinische Mikrobiologie
Freie Universitat Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27
1000 Berlin 45, FRG
Professor Dr. WOLFGANG OPFERKUCH
Lehrstuhl fiir Medizinische Mikrobiologie
und Immunologie, Ruhr-Universitat Bochum
Postfach 102148,4630 Bochum, FRG
ISBN-13: 978-3-540-11680-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-68670-2
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-68670-2
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Main entry under title: The Influence of antibiotics on the
host-parasite relationship. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Antibiotics - Physiological effecl. 2. Host
parasite relationships. 3. Immune response. I. Eickenberg, H.-U. (Hans-Udo), 1943 -. II. Hahn, H. (Helmut),
1937 -. III. Opferkuch, W. RM267.I64 1982615'.32982-10663
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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1982
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general use.
2127/3130-543210
Die Herausgeber erlauben sich dieses Buch
Herrn Professor Dr. med. Gotz Linzenmeier
Direktor des Instituts flir Medizinische Mikrobiologie
UniversiHitsklinikum der Gesamthochschule Essen
zu seinem 65. Geburtstag
in kollegialer Anerkennung zu widmen
Preface
When discussing the drug, the bug, and the host in the past, emphasis
was laid mainly upon the interaction between antibiotics and bacteria
or the reaction of the host to the invading organism. Today, however,
standardized immunologic parameters are available for evaluating
cellular and humoral responses and an increasing number of publications
deal with the host reaction to the antibiotics administered. Some re
searchers and clinicians felt that the time had come to bring together
investigators studying the influence of antibiotics on the host-parasite
relationship. The first section of this book therefore covers the influence
of chemotherapy on the host defense system. Here antibody production
and cellular immunity, the influence of antibiotics on the function of
phagocytic cells, and immunostimulation combined with antibiotics in
the treatment of infection are presented.
The second section deals with the influence of antibiotics on the produc
tion of extracellular and cellular virulence factors by bacteria, the
adherence of bacteria being of utmost importance here. In addition,
phagocytosis and serum bactericidal activity are discussed.
In Prof. Opferkuch and Prof. Hahn I found two colleagues keen and
knowledgeable enough to organize the First International Meeting on
the Influence of Antibiotics on the Host-Parasite-Relationship. These
proceedings of the meeting constitute a survey of the latest develop
ments in this field, and should be of interest to clinical and researchers.
Bielefeld, September 1982 Hans-Udo Eickenberg
Berlin Helmut Hahn
Bochum Wolfgang Opferkuch
Contents
Introduction
H.-U. Eickenberg (with 1 Figure)
Section A: The Influence of Chemotherapy on the Host Defeuce System
I. Antibody Production and Cellular Immunity
Influence of Cephalosporins on Humoral Immune Response
G. J. Gillissen (with 2 Figures) ............... . . . . . . . . .. 5
Discussion ........................................ 11
Immunosuppression by Rifamycins
L. Bassi and G. Bolzoni (with 4 Figures) ................. 12
Discussion ........................................ 21
Suppression of Lymphocytes by Cephalosporins
E. A. Chaperon (with 3 Figures) ....................... 22
Discussion ........................................ 31
II. The Influence of Antibiotics on the Function of Phagocytic Cells
Effect of Doxycycline and Puva Light on Human Polymorpho
nuclear Leukocyte Function
J. Glette, A. Halstensen, S. Sandberg, G. Hoperr, K. B. HelIum,
and C. O. Solberg (with 5 Figures) ............. . . . . . . . .. 33
The Effects of Antibacterial, Antiviral, and Antifungal Drugs
on the Phagocytic, Microbicidal, and Chemotactic Functions of
the Human Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte
L. A. Mandell (with 2 Figures) ......................... 40
Discussion ........................................ 55
In Vivo Effect of Ampicillin and Cefaclor on Blood and Gingival
Crevicular Neutrophil Myeloperoxidase Activity
M. J. Kowolik, J. A. Raeburn, and M. Grant (with 4 Figures) .. 56
Discussion ........................................ 66
Enhanced In Vitro Phagocytosis of Different Pathogens by
Human Monocytes in the Presence of Antibiotics
D. Adam (with 3 Figures) ............................ 67
Discussion ........................................ 73
x
Contents
The Influence of Antibiotics on the Phagocytosis-Associated
Chemiluminescence of Guinea Pig Polymorphonuclear Neutro
phils
M. Limbert, G. Seibert, and E. Schrinner (with 4 Figures) .... 74
Discussion ........................................ 85
Effect of Doxorubicin (Adriamycin) on Polymorphonuclear
Leukocyte Function and the Protective Role of Alpha Toco
pherol (Vitamin E)
L. K. Pickering, T. G. Cleary, M. Kletzel, and Y.-M. Wang
(with 2 Figures) .................................... 87
Discussion ........................................ 95
Chronic Granulomatous Disease: Effect of Sulfamethoxazolel
Trimethoprim on Neutrophil Microbicidal Function
R. A. Seger, S. Baumgartner, and F. K. Gmiinder
(with 4 Figures) .................................... 96
Discussion ........................................ 105
The Effect of Minocycline and Lysostaphin on the Intracellular
Killing of Staphylococcus aureus by Polymorphonuclear Leuko
cytes
M. J. Raff, P. A. Barnwell, J. A. Van Arsdall, and J. C. Melo
(with 6 Figures) .................................... 106
Discussion ........................................ 117
The Effects of 13 Antimicrobial Agents on the Elimination
Phase of Phagocytosis in Human Polymorphonuclear Leuko
cytes
T. Midtvedt, E. Lingaas, and K. Melby (with 2 Figures) ...... 118
Discussion ........................................ 128
Effect of Cephalothin and Gentamicin on Phagocytosis of
Klebsiella pneumoniae by Guinea Pig Alveolar Macrophages
H. Brunner and Ch. U ndeutsch (with 6 Figures) ............ 129
Discussion ........................................ 138
Capacity of Gentamicin-Treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa to
Induce Granulocyte Locomotion
M. P. Dierich and W. Weikel .......................... 139
Penetration of Antifungal Antimicrobics into Human Fibrin
Clots
T. S. Vigran, B. Taylor Thompson, A. C. Huston, and
P. D. Hoeprich (with 2 Figures) ........................ 141
Discussion ........................................ 147
Contents XI
III. Immunostimulation and Antibiotics in the Treatment of Infec
tions
Effect of Antibiotics and an Immunostimulant on the Ability of
Immunosuppressed Mice to Defend Against Pseudomonal
Infection
M. Nishida and Y. Mine (with 5 Figures) .................. 148
Discussion ........................................ 160
The Combined Use of Antibiotics and Specific Antibodies
Against Mouse Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Vivo and
the Phagocytosis of Peritoneal Exudate Cells In Vitro
K. Haranaka, N. Satomi, A. Sakurai, and O. Kunii
(with 1 Figure) ..................................... 161
Section B: The Inflnence of Antibiotics on the Production of Extra
cellular and Cellular Virulence Factors by Bacteria
1. Adherence of Bacteria
Prevention of the Adhesion of Bacteria to Mucosal Surfaces:
Influence of Antimicrobial Agents
E. H. Beachey, B. 1. Eisenstein, and 1. Ofek (with 2 Figures) ... 171
Discussion ........................................ 182
Effects of Low Concentrations of Antibiotics on Escherichia coli
Adhesion
K. Vosbeck (with 2 Figures) ........................... 183
Discussion ........................................ 192
II. Extracellular Factors
Modification of the Expression of an Extracellular Virulence
Factor (Cytotoxin) of Clostridium difficile Following Growth in
the Presence of Clindamycin and Vancomycin
C. G. Gemmell (with 3 Figures) .............. : ......... 194
Discussion ........................................ 201
III. Phagocytosis
The Effect of Subinhibitory Antibiotic Concentrations on the
Opsonization, Uptake, and Killing of Bacteria by Human
Neutrophils
C. S. F. Easmon and A. M. Desmond .................... 202
Discussion ....................................... : 206
XII Contents
The Susceptibility of Antibiotic-Pretreated Gram-Negative
Bacteria to the Bactericidal Activity of Human Neutrophil
Granule Extract
H. Pruul, B. L. Wetherall, andP. J. McDonald (with 1 Figure) .. 208
Discussion ........................................ 218
Effect of Antibiotics on the Lysis of Staphylococci and Strepto
cocci by Leukocyte Factors, on the Production of Cellular and
Extracellular Factors by Streptococci, and on the Solubilization
of Cell-Sensitizing Agents from Gram-negative Rods
I. Ginsburg, M. Lahav, S. Bergner-Rabinowitz, and M. Ferne
(with 2 Figures) .................................... 219
The Role of Autolytic Wall Systems in Wall Disintegration
During the Phagocytosis of Staphylococci Treated with Anti
biotics
P. Giesbrecht, J. Wecke, P. Bliimel, B. Reinicke, and
H. Labischinski (with 10 Figures) ....................... 228
Discussion ........................................ 241
In Vitro and in Vivo Modulation of Escherichia coli Suscepti
bility to PMN Leukocyte Microbicidal Activity by a Pyrazole
Cephalosporin Derivative
C. Lam, A. Georgopoulos, G. Laber, E. Schiitze, and A. Wenzel
(with 9 Figures) .................................... 242
Discussion ........................................ 253
IV. Serum Bactericidal Activity
Effects of Antibiotics on the Bactericidal Activity of Normal
Human Serum
R. F. Hart, A. M. Reynard, and R. K. Cunningham
(with 3 Figures) .................................... 255
Discussion ........................................ 262
The Influence of Subinhibitory Concentrations of {3-Lactam
Antibiotics on the Antibody-Independent Binding of the First
Component of Complement by Escherichia coli
W. Opferkuch (with 1 Figure) ......................... 263
Discussion ................................... -; .... 266
SUbject Index ..................................... 267
The Influence of Antibiotics on the
Host-Parasite Relationship
ed. by Eickenberg/HahniOpferkuch
© by Springer-Verlag 1982
Introduction
H.-U. Eickenberg
Urologische Klinik, S1. Franziskus-Hospital, Kiskerstr. 26, 4800 Bielefeld 1, FRG
It was a great honor for me as a German to be asked to make the introductory
speech at the meeting in English.
It was a unique occasion to bring together a group of experts from all over
the world, including not only speakers, but also members of the audience,
to discuss the importance of the influence of antibiotics on host-parasite
relationship.
Infection is still not declining and still causes much morbidity and mortality.
Is the reason for this that we have not looked closely enough at the action of the
drug on the patient's immune response? Today there are immunological
parameters available for checking the cellular and humoral response of the
host.
The ability of a bacterial population to settle in the host and to lead to an
infectious disease depends on the virulence of the infecting agent. New data
indicate that antibiotics influence the patient via the production of extracellular
Interaction
)
( Drug
'''~I 1. Subinhibitory
concentrations
\
\ \
<l========
Ill. Virulence factors
Fig. 1