The Importance of Acute Respiratory Failure in the ICU

417 Pages·2006·6.43 MB·English

SeriesEditor:Jean-LouisVincent
MECHANICAL VENTILATION
VolumeEditors:
Arthur S.Slutsky,MD Laurent Brochard,MD
Professor ofMedicine,Surgery Department ofIntensive Care
and Biomedical Engineering HospitalHenriMondor
UniversityofToronto UniversityParis XII
Vice-President,Research Créteil, France
St.Michael’s Hospital
Toronto, Canada
Series Editor:
Jean-LouisVincent,MD, PhD
Head,Department ofIntensive Care
Erasme UniversityHospital
Brussels,Belgium
With 73 Figuresand 34Tables
1
3
Prof. ArthurS. Slutsky, MD Prof.Laurent Brochard
Professor of Medicine, Surgeryand Departmentof IntensiveCare
Biomedical Engineering HospitalHenri Mondor
Director,Interdepartmental Division UniversityParisXII
of Critical Care Medicine 94010 Créteil,France
Universityof Toronto
Vice-President(Research)
St.Michael’sHospital
Queen StreetWing, Room4-042
30 BondStreet,Toronto,ONM5B1W8,Canada
SeriesEditor
Prof. Jean-Louis Vincent
Head,Department ofIntensiveCare
Erasme UniversityHospital
RoutedeLennik 808
B-1070Brussels
Belgium
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Contents
Epidemiology
TheImportance ofAcuteRespiratory Failure intheICU . . . . . 3
Y. Sakr and J.L.Vincent
TheEpidemiology ofMechanicalVentilation . . . . . . . . . . . 11
F. Frutos-Vivar, N.D.Ferguson, and A.Esteban
Long-term Outcomesof MechanicalVentilation . . . . . . . . . 29
L.D. Hudson,C.M. Lee, and J.R.Curtis
Understandingand ChangingthePractice
ofMechanical Ventilation in theCommunity . . . . . . . . . . . 47
G.D. Rubenfeld
Patient-ventilatorInteractions,Weaning,and Monitoring
Control ofBreathingDuring MechanicalVentilation . . . . . . . 63
M. Younes
Patient-ventilatorInteractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
S. Parthasarathyand M.J. Tobin
PhysiologicalRationaleforVentilation ofPatients
with Obstructive Diseases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
J. Mancebo
Role oftheClinician inAdjusting VentilatorParameters
DuringAssistedVentilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
L. Brochard
Neurally-adjustedVentilatoryAssist. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
C. Sinderby, J. Spahija,and J. Beck
VI Contents
LiberatingPatients from Mechanical Ventilation:
WhatHavewe Learned AboutProtocolizing Care? . . . . . . . . 135
J.W.W.Thomason and E.W. Ely
NovelApproaches
toMonitoringMechanicalVentilatorySupport . . . . . . . . . . 153
N. MacIntyre
Non-invasiveVentilation
Indications forNon-invasive Ventilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
N.S. Hill,T.Liesching,and H.Kwok
Non-invasive Ventilation:Causes of Successor Failure . . . . . . 189
S. Nava and P.Ceriana
Non-invasive Ventilation inImmunocompromisedPatients. . . 201
M. Antonelli,M.A. Pennisi,and G. Conti
ARDS/VILI: Mechanisms
BiophysicalFactorsLeading toVILI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213
N. Vlahakis,J.C.Berrios,and R.D. Hubmayr
VascularContributiontoVILI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
J.J. Marini,J.R. Hotchkiss,and A.F.Broccard
VILI:PhysiologicalEvidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243
J.D. Ricard, D. Dreyfuss,and G.Saumon
Systemic Effects ofMechanicalVentilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
Y. Imai and A.S.Slutsky
ARDS/VILI: Assessment
Chest WallMechanicsinARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275
L. Gattinoni,D. Chiumello,and P.Pelosi
Targets inMechanicalVentilation for ARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
B.P.Kavanagh
How toDetectVILI attheBedside?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
P.P.Terragni, B.Chiaia, and V.M.Ranieri
Lung MorphologyinARDS:How itImpactsTherapy . . . . . . . 319
J.J. Rouby and C.R. deAGirardi
Contents VII
ARDS/VILI: Therapy
RecruitmentManeuvers inARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
V.N.Okamoto,J.B.Borges,and M.B.P.Amato
SpontaneousBreathingDuring VentilatorySupport
inPatientswith ARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353
C. Putensen,R. Hering,and H.Wrigge
Pressure-support Ventilation inPatientswith ALI/ARDS . . . . 367
N. Patroniti,B.Cortinovis, and A.Pesenti
ProneVentilation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
R.K. Albert
Adjuncts toMechanicalVentilation
forARDSincluding BiologicalVariability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
R.M.Kacmarek
SummaryofClinicalTrialsofMechanical Ventilation inARDS . 405
R.G. Browerand G.D.Rubenfeld
SubjectIndex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
Contributors
Albert R.K. BorgesJ.B.
Deptof Medicine RespiratoryIntensiveCareUnit
Denver HealthMedicalCenter Hospital dasClinicas
777 Bannock, MC4000 Av DrEneas CarvalhodeAguiar255
Denver, CO80206-4507 Sao Paulo
USA Brazil
AmatoM. BroccardA.F.
Respiratory Intensive CareUnit Dept ofPulmonary
Hospital dasClinicas andCriticalCareMedicine
AvDrEneas CarvalhodeAguiar 255 RegionsHospital
Sao Paulo 640 JacksonStreet
Brazil St.Paul, MN55101
USA
AntonelliM.
Deptof Anesthesiology BrochardL.
andIntensiveCare Dept ofMedicalIntensive Care
PoliclinicoA. Gemelli Hôpital Henri Mondor
LargoAGemelli 8 51 AvenueduMaréchaldeLattre de
00168 Rome Tassigny
Italy 94010Créteil
France
Beck J.
Deptof Critical Care Medicine BrowerR.G.
St-MichaelsHospital Dept ofPulmonary& Critical Care
30 BondStreet Medicine
Toronto,OntarioM5B1W8 JohnsHopkinsHospital
Canada Baltimore,MD21287
USA
BerriosJ.C.
Thoracic Diseases Research Unit CerianaP.
Divisionof Pulmonary RespiratoryIntensiveCareUnit
andCritical Care Medicine Fondazione S. Maugeri
Deptof Medicine Via Ferrata8
MayoClinic 27100Pavia
200 First StreetSW Italy
Rochester,MN55905
USA
X ListofContributors
ChiaiaB. Ely E.W.
Polytechnic of Turin Center forHealth ServicesResearch
Departmentof Structural Engineering 6thFloor MedicalCenter East, #6109
Turin Vanderbilt University MedicalCenter
Italy Nasville,TH37232-8300
USA
ChiumelloD.
Deptof Anesthesiology Esteban A.
andIntensiveCare Deptof IntensiveCare
OspedaleMaggiore Policlinico-IRCCS UniversityHospital
Via Francesco Sforza 35 Carreterade Toledo Km12,500
20122 Milan Getafe, Madrid28905
Italy Spain
ContiG. DreyfussD.
Deptof Anesthesiology Deptof IntensiveCare
andIntensiveCare HôpitalLouisMourier
PoliclinicoA. Gemelli 92700 Colombes
LargoAGemelli 8 France
00168 Rome
Italy FergusonN.D.
Deptof Medicine
CortinovisB. DivisionofRespirology
Institute of Anesthesia andInterdepartmental Division
andIntensiveCare ofCriticalCare
Deptof SurgicalScience Universityof Toronto
andIntensiveCare Toronto
San GerardoHospital Canada
Via Donizetti106
20052 Milan Frutos-VivarF.
Italy Deptof IntensiveCare
UniversityHospital
CurtisJ.R. Carreterade Toledo Km12,500
Divisionof Pulmonary Getafe, Madrid28905
andCriticalCareMedicine Spain
HarborviewMedical Center
Box 359762 GattinoniL.
325 Ninth Avenue Deptof Anesthesiology&ICU
Seattle, WA98104 OspedaleMaggiorePoliclinico-IRCCS
USA Via FrancescoSforza 35
20122 Milan
deAGirardiC.R. Italy
Deptof SurgicalIntensiveCare
Pierre Viars HeringR.
Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière Deptof Anesthesiology&ICU
83 Boulevard del’Hôpital UniversityHospital
75013 Paris Siegmund-Freud-Str. 35
France 53105 Bonn
Germany
ListofContributors XI
HillN.S. KavanaghB.P.
Pulmonary,CriticalCare Deptof Anesthesia andMedicine
andSleep Division Hospital for Sick Children
Tufts-NewEnglandMedicalCenter 555 UniversityAvenue
750 WahingtonSt #257 Toronto,Ontario M5G1X8
Boston, MA02111 Canada
USA
KwokH.
HotchkissJ.R. Pulmonary, Critical Care
Deptof Pulmonary andSleep Division
andCritical CareMedicine Tufts-NewEngland MedicalCenter
Regions Hospital 750 WahingtonSt #257
640 Jackson Street Boston,MA02111
St. Paul, MN55101 USA
USA
LeeC.M.
HubmayrR.D. Divisionof PulmonaryandCritical
Deptof Physiology &Biophysics CareMedicine
Stabile8-18 HarborviewMedical Center
MayoClinic Box 359762
200 FirstStreetSW 325 Ninth Avenue
Rochester,MN55905 Seattle, WA98104
USA USA
HudsonL.D. LieschingT.
DivisionofPulmonaryandCritical Pulmonary, Critical Care
CareMedicine andSleep Division
HarborviewMedicalCenter Tufts-NewEngland MedicalCenter
Box359762 750 WahingtonSt #257
325 NinthAvenue Boston,MA02111
Seattle,WA98104 USA
USA
MacIntyre N.
ImaiY. RespiratoryCare
Interdepartmental Division Room7451,Duke North
of Critical CareMedicine andDivision Duke UniversityMedical Center
of Respirology Box 3911
Deptof Medicine Durham,NC27710
St Michael’sHospital USA
30 BondStreet
Toronto,OntarioM5B1W8 ManceboJ.
Canada Deptof IntensiveCare
Hopsital deSant Pau
KacmarekR.M. Av. S.A.M. Claret 167
Respiratory Care 08025 Barcelona
Ellison401 Spain
Massachusetts General Hospital
55 Fruit Street
Boston, MA02114
USA