The impact of different dietary sources of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fatty acid ...

104 Pages·2005·0.73 MB·English

The impact of different dietary
sources of marine polyunsaturated
fatty acids on the fatty acid
composition of rat brain, liver and
red blood cells.
by
Anita Røyneberg
Masterthesisforthedegreein
ExperimentalandHumanPhysiology

“Thefoodthatisgoodfortheheart
islikelytobegoodforthebrain”
-Hippocrates
Coverillustration: MouthofTruth,Rome,Italy

Contents
ListofFigures VII
ListofTables IX
Acknowledgments XI
Abstract XIII
Abbreviations XV
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Omega-3(n-3)FattyAcids 2
1.1.1 Docosahexaenoicacid(DHA) 2
1.2 PolyunsaturatedFattyAcidsandCentralNervousSystem 3
1.2.1 PolyunsaturatedFattyAcidsandtheBrain 4
1.3 MentalHealth 6
1.3.1 NutritionandMentalHealth 8
1.4 Lipids 9
1.4.1 FattyAcids 9
1.4.2 Phospholipids 13
1.5 DietaryLipids 13
1.5.1 PancreaticLipase 16
1.6 Statistics 16
1.6.1 PrincipalComponentAnalysis(PCA) 16
1.6.2 AnalysisofVariance(ANOVA) 16
1.7 Aimsofthestudy 18
2 Materials&Methods 19
2.1 Animals 19
2.1.1 StudyDesign 19
2.2 PreparationoftheDiets 20
2.3 TissueCollection 22
IV CONTENTS
2.4 LipidAnalysis 24
2.4.1 PreparationofFattyAcidMethylEsters 24
2.4.2 GasChromatographicAnalysis 25
2.5 Statistics 25
3 Results 27
3.1 Diet 27
3.1.1 AbsoluteAmountsofn-3andn-6inDiets 27
3.2 FoodIntakeandWeightGain 27
3.2.1 Organs 28
3.3 FullFattyAcidProfil 29
3.4 DiscriminationBetweenDiets 30
3.5 DiscriminationofIndividualFattyAcidComposition 33
3.5.1 FattyAcidComparisonintheBrain 33
3.5.2 FattyAcidComparisonsintheLiver 35
3.5.3 FattyAcidComparisonsinRedBloodCells 36
3.5.4 Absolute Compositions of n-3 PUFA in Brain, Liver and
RedBloodCells 38
3.5.5 Absolute Composition of n-6 PUFA in Brain, Liver and
RedBloodCells 41
3.6 OrganComparison(Brain,LiverandRedBloodCells) 43
3.7 SummaryofResults 45
3.7.1 PCA 45
3.7.2 ANOVA 45
4 Discussion 47
4.1 Animals 48
4.2 PreparationofDiets 49
4.2.1 AmountofMarinen-3PUFAintheDiets 49
4.2.2 Structureofn-3PUFA 50
4.2.3 LipidSources 51
4.3 IncorporationofMarinen-3PUFA 52
4.3.1 Brain 53
4.3.2 Liver 56
4.3.3 RedBloodCells 57
4.3.4 n-6FattyAcids 58
4.4 OrganComparison 59
4.5 PUFAandtheBrain 60
4.5.1 PUFADeficiency 61
4.6 Marinen-3versusPlantn-3 62
4.7 StatisticalConsiderations 64
Conclusions 65
Futureremarks 67
5 Appendix 71
Appendix 71
5.1 DietPreparation 71
5.1.1 Basalmix 71
5.1.2 MarinePhospholipids 72
References 73

List of Figures
1.1 StructureofDocosahexaenoicacid(DHA) 3
1.2 Hippocampus 6
1.3 Essentialfeaturesofafattyacid 10
1.4 Theessentialfattyacidsα-linoleicacidandlinoleicacid 12
1.5 n-3andn-6metabolicpathways 14
1.6 Digestionandabsorptionofdietarylipids 15
2.1 Studydesign,Statisticalcomparison 26
3.1 Discriminationoffattyacidsinthebrain 32
3.2 Discriminationoffattyacidsintheliver 33
3.3 DiscriminationoffattyacidsinRBC 34
3.4 AbsoluteamountsofEPA,DPAinbrain 39
3.5 AbsoluteamountsofDHAinbrain 40
3.6 AbsoluteamountsofEPA,DPAandDHAinliver 40
3.7 AbsoluteamountsofEPA,DPAandDHAinRBC 41
3.8 AbsoluteamountsofAAinbrain,liverandRBC 42
3.9 AbsoluteamountsofDGLAinbrain,liverandRBC 43
3.10 Comparisonofn-3richdietsinbrain,liverandRBC 44