The Great American History Fact-Finder: The Who, What, Where, When, and Why of American History, Updated & Expanded Edition

623 Pages·2004·5.07 MB·English

by  Pam Cornelison

The Great American
History Fact-Finder: The
Who, What, Where, When,
and Why of American
History
Pam Cornelison
Ted Yanak
Houghton Mifflin Company
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The Great
American History
Fact-Finder
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The Great
American History
Fact-Finder
★ ★ ★
The Who,What,Where,When, and Why
of American History
Pam Cornelison Ted Yanak
and
Second Edition
updated and expanded
houghton mifflin company
Boston • New York
2004
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Copyright © 2004byPam Cornelison and Ted Yanak
all rights reserved
For information about permission to reproduce selections
from this book,write to Permissions,Houghton Mifflin Company,
215Park Avenue South,New York,New York 10003.
Visit our Web site:www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com.
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cornelison,Pam.
The great American history fact-finder :the who,what,where,
when,and why ofAmerican history / Pam Cornelison and Ted Yanak
—2nd ed.,updated and expanded
p. cm.
Yanak’s name appears first on the earlier edition.
isbn 0-618-43941-2
1.United States—History—Dictionaries. I.Yanak,Ted. II.Title.
e174.c67 2004
973'.03—dc22 2004047480
printed in the united states of america
mp 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
advisory board to the 1993 edition:
Richard Bernstein,Mari Jo Buhle,Paul Buhle,Catherine Clinton,
Thomas Knock,and James Shenton
Text art credits follow the index.
Disclaimer: Some images in the printed version of this book are not available for
inclusion in the eBook.
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Again ...To Our Children
amy, holly,
jonathan, kristen,
tammy, ted
•
and the thousands ofothers who
have touched our lives
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Contents
List ofMaps and Tables viii
Preface ix
Entries ★ 1–531
Suggested Additional Reading ★ 533
Appendixes ★ 539
maps
540 The United States:Physical Features
541 The United States:Political Features
tables
542 Information About the States
544 Population ofthe United States,1790–2000
546 United States Presidents and Vice Presidents
550 The Supreme Court
historic documents
553 The Declaration ofIndependence
556 Articles ofConfederation
562 Constitution ofthe United States ofAmerica
574 Signing and Non-Signing Delegates to the
Constitutional Convention
575 Gettysburg Address
Index ★ 577
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List of Maps and Tables
Maps
21 The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century
23 Major Events ofthe Revolutionary War,1775–1783
96 Secession in the South
97 Major Battles ofthe Civil War
245 Westward Expansion,1800–1860
347 The Atlantic Trade Cycle
540 The United States:Physical Features
541 The United States:Political Features
Tables
169 Presidential Elections
330 Minority Presidents
485 Vice-Presidential Succession to the Presidency
542 Information About the States
544 Population ofthe United States,1790–2000
546 United States Presidents and Vice Presidents
550 The Supreme Court
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Preface
Revised ...updated ...expanded.Muchhas happened since The Great
American History Fact-Finder first appeared in 1993, and we are proud to
present this new and current edition.Updated through the beginning of the
new millennium,its additions include such topics as the dot com boom and
bust,Clinton’s impeachment,the events of September 11,and America’s war
on terrorism.Used as a handy reference,it continues to provide needed an-
swers to complete an assignment,settle an argument,prepare for a test,or be-
come a champion of trivia and information about the history of the United
States.
The origins of The Great American History Fact-Finder date back forty
years.We each began our teaching career many years ago with optimism and
a bit ofawe,inspired in part by the words ofHenry Adams:“A teacher affects
eternity;he never knows where his influence stops.”Both ofus,fascinated by
American history,have felt a continuing urge to share with others events that
have deeply moved us:the experience ofstanding before the somber expanse
of the Vietnam War Memorial; the eerie presence of Abraham Lincoln’s
strength at the Lincoln Memorial;the sense of living history felt while walk-
ing the streets at Harpers Ferry or standing in the spot at Gettysburg where
Lincoln delivered his famous address; the story of the Marquis de Lafayette
who believed so fervently in America’s Revolution that he named his children
George Washington and Virginie and took tons of earth back to France with
him so that he could be buried in American soil.
Inworking with young people—our country’s future—we have been in-
spired by the words ofPatrick Henry in 1775:“I know ofno way ofjudging of
the future but by the past”;and by those of Thomas Jefferson in 1784:“His-
tory,by apprizing [men] ofthe past,will enable them to judge ofthe future.”
Asteachers,we are also aware of the importance of approaching history as a
story well told.California curriculum guidelines tell us that “the story of the
past should be lively and accurate as well as rich with controversies and force-
ful personalities....teachers must never neglect the value of good story-
telling as a source ofmotivation for the study ofhistory.”We are challenged to