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ent Oee7)"ans.IepidS.oc,Japan 58(3)3:41-363,June2007
The genus Eupithecia (Lepidopt eGreaem,etridae) in [faiwan: an updated survey
V, G.MiRoNovi}and A.C.GALswoRTHy]]
i' Zoological Institu tReAS, Universitetskaj naab.. 1, RU-199034, Sain tPetersburg ,Russia
i'TheBritisMhuseum (NaturHailstory)C,remwellRoad, SVLi75BD,London, UnitedKingdom
Abstract 7 ncw spccics of Eupitheci (aLepidopt eGreao,metrida ea)re describe fdrom Taiwan ;4
species are added as new for the fauna of Taiwan, and 3 are removed; a furthe r3 species described
from Taiwan are synonymised with mainland species: the opposite sex js describe fdor 7 species
which were describcd on the basis ofone sex only; an updated checklist, is provided,
Key words Eupithecia concava sp. n., Ee4)itheci a,fiavimacu lsap. n,, Eupithecia lin isp. n.,
Eupitheci balandui asp, n., Eupithecia rhadine sp. n., Empitheci laupa sp. n., Eupithec'i apetlieata
sp. n,; Eupithecia tricornuta, Eupithecia centaureatcr, Etipitheci achinae, Empithecia ctav(fera,
Eupitheci abreviclav aE,upitheci aflai,oapi cEatrrpiitah,eci amantis,s'a, Eupithecia ,ieronica,
Eupithecia viidaleppi, Eupithecia catosQphia, taxonomy.
Introduction
In 1988 Professo Hriroshi Inoue publishe dhis pioneerin gsurvey of the Eapitheci afauna of
Taiwan (Inou e19,88) ,in which was include dfor the firs ttime a detaile sdurvey of this diM-
cult genus on the island ,including many new species. Since then, much furthe crollecting
work has been done, and furthe rinformatio ins avai]able, This paper build son the earlier
study to update the E"pitheci afauna of Taiwan, drawing on material from cellections in
TermeszettudomanyiMuzeum Allattara[HungariaNanturalHistoryMuseuml CTTM,
Budapest, Hungary), Zoologische Staatssammlungen (ZSM, Munich, Germany),
Zoologische Museum Alexander Koenig (ZFMK, Bonn, Germany), National Science
Museum, [[bichung ,[[leiiw a(nNSMT), the Natural History Museum, Londen (BMNH), and
the privat ecollections of Mr Gy, M, Lasz]6, Budapest (co llGL), and Mr C, M. Fu,
[Ihichung (co lClMF), It describes 7 new species, and supplies descriptio nofs male or fe-
male genital ifaor a number of species which were described from one sex only. It also cor-
rects some misidentificati oannds ,introduce ssome new synonymy. In view of the number
of changes to the Tbiwan fauna ,we also includ ean updated checkligt of Thiwanese
ELq)ithecia.
We are gratcfu tlo Dr L. Ronkay and Mr Gy. M. Lasz16 (TTM, Budapest, Hungary), Dr A.
Hausmann (ZSM, Munich, Germany) and Dr D, Stiming (ZFMK, Bonn, Germany), for
kind support of the authors when visiting respectively the Termeszettudomany iMuzeum
Allattara[HungariaNnaturalHistoryMuseuml,Budapest,ZoologischeStaatssammlungen,
Munich and Zoologisch eMuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, and fbr the loan ef material,
We are also gratefu tlo Dr Shen-hor nYen, Institu tofe Life Sciences ,Nationa lSun Yat-sen
University ,Kaohsiung, fbr his support to the second author during his visit to [Ihiwa nin
2005, and to Dr Cheng-Shing Lin and Miss Mei-Ling Chan, of the Nationa lScience
Museum and their starflfh fiwoa rnt.heir assistance and generous loan of material. Similarl tyo Mr
C. M. Fu, Taichung, We thank the Royal Society L,ondon for the gran twhjch en-
abled Dr Mironov to visit and work in London in Spring 2006. We are gratefu t1o Dr
Malcolm Scoble at BMNH for reading the manuscript and commenting helpfu11y.
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342 V. G. MiRoNov and A, C, GALs",oRiuy
Empitheci aconcava Mironov & Galsworthy, sp. noy. (Fig ,] )
Descriptio nW.ingspan I9-22 mm; fore wing 10.5-11.5 mm. Fore wing narrow, elongate,
costa slightly bowed near base and apex, terminal margin obliquely curved; ground colour
saturated reddish brown; costal margin darker, blackis hbrown, especially near apex; basal,
medial and terminal areas divided by broad ,lighte ryellowish brown stripes; transverse
line sinconspicuou sp,ostmedian oblique, twice sharply angled near costa, situated in broad-
est of lighte rbrown transverse stripes, forming a conspicuous fasci at;emninal area slightly
darker ,brown with white subterminal lin emuch indente dnear apex and forming one small
white media] spot and a large rb,isecte dwhite tornal spot; terrninaHine dark brown, inter-
rupted at vein ends; disca ldot relatively 1arge ,rounded or ovoid, intensel bylack ;fringes
long ,chequered brown and ligh tbrown. Hind wing elongate, ovoid-oblong; ground colour
lighte rwh,itish brown with slightly darker terminal and anal areas, especially near tornaE
angle, with a small, white tornal spot; transvers eline sand disca ldot inconspicuou st;ermi-
nal line and fringes as fore wing.
Male genital i(aFi g1.3) .Uncus very small, short and narrow, broadened and biapica wlhen
viewed lateral lyV.alve broadened basall ys,harply tapercd to apex, with two broad ,blunt
ventrai processes and a broad ,shallow hollow between them; dorsal margin slightly bowed;
apex narrowly rounded; sacculus sclerotized. Vinculum broad and rounded. Papilla oen the
anterior arms ef labide ssmall, short and stout, tapered to apices, covered with short setae.
Aedeagus stout, slightly curved and broadened at anterior end, almost equal to lengt hof
valve, with two larg eand broad later allobes at posteri oernd, covered with numerous spin-
ules. Vesica with numerous, minute eblique striations, armed with one long ,narrow, slight-
ly curved, V-shaped cornutus and a small, fblded ,irregula rcornutus near anterior end of
aedeagus. Sternit Ae8 short and ovate, broadened near base ,it sapical margin sclerotized
and squared at the corners; basal and apical hollows very shallow,
Female genita] i(aFi g2.0) ,Bursa copulatrix large ,ovate-orbicular, broadened in posterior
part ,almost complctely and densel ycovered with srnall spines on dorsa lside and covered
with gimilar small spines on ventral side to about half way from base; posterio prart on ven-
tra lside with two patches of spines (on elong ,transverse band-lik peatch of small spines al-
most in the middle and another shorter chain of longer spines near base of ductu sseminalis
on left )D,uctus bursae short, sharply narrowed near colliculum. Ductus seminalis evenly
broadened to base, curved backward, attached to corpus bursa ein posterio prart on lef tside.
Colliculu mcollar-like, smalt, short and nanrow. Antrum sclerotized, covered with numerous
pores .[Ilergi At8e small, almost quadrate, with sclerotized latera lmargins and rounded pos-
tefior corners, Anterio rand posteri oarpophyses relatively short and thick ,tapered to
apices, Papillae anales small, narrow with rounded apices, covered with long setae,
Range, [laiwan .Known from Taoyuan, Nantou and Hualien provinces,
Similar species. This species belongs to the protetv agroup ,and is very easlly confused
with an allied Taiwanese species Eupithecia convexa Inoue, 1988, E. concava is most easi-
Iy distinguish efdrom this latt ebry the larger ,rounded or ovoid disca ldots on the fore
wings. The stripes dividin gbasal ,medial and terminal areas are also les sobvious, The
male genital iofa concava are distinguishe dfrom those of E. convexa by the shorter and
thicker uncus when viewed ]ateral ltyh,e les sproininen atnd broade rventral processe son
the valve, the shorter vinculum, the curved aedeagus and the dilfere nshtape of the eighth
sternite. [[Ih feemale genitali aare distinguish ebdy the presenc eof a transvers echain of
small spines on the ventral side of the corpus bursa eand the separate short chain of Ionger
spines near the ductus sernina]is base ,as well as by the eighth tergit ebeing narrower than in
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EupithecifaremTaiwun 343
E.
convexa.
rlhoyuan,
Holotype .,I", Tttiwan P,rov. Ming Chyr Forest Recreation Area, 1,160 m, 29. ii,
1996,leg.:Gy.F6bian & L, Nemeth (TTM), Paratypes,18, N. [ktiwan,Taoyuan Co.,
Mengchi Recreatio nArea, ca 1,100 m, 4. iii .2000, lux, ,H, Y, Wang leg .(ZFMK); 1 ?,
Tbiwan, Prov .Hualien ,Taroko NP, 1,400 m, 2. iv .1997, leg. Csorba & Ronkay, gen. slide
no. ACG GL6 (co ]G1L); 1 9, Tlaiwan N,antou, Piluhs iStatio n2,9. iv .2004, leg .W. T. Yang,
NSMT ENT 4409-401, ACG TW18 (NSMT).
slide no,
Eupithecia,fiavimac uMliaronov & Galsworthy s,p. nov. (Fig 2.)
Descriptio n.g, Wingspan 18 mm; fore wing 10 mm. Fore wing broad with narrowly
rounded apex, costa arched near base, termen eveniy curved; ground colour grey-brown
with soft yellowis htinge ;basa larea with two yellow blotche sat costal and anal margins;
antemedian line evenly curved; postmedian lin ewavy, sharply angled near costa; medial
area relatively broad, delimited from terminal area by a yellowis hband with 1arg ecostal
and smaller anal yellow spots; terminal area broad ,dark grey ,with thin, wavy subterminal
lin eand thre eyellow spots (cost maedlia,l and ternal); terminal lin ebroad ,black ,jnterrupt-
ed by veins; disca ldot small, rounded, black; fringe slong ,chequered grey and pale yellow-
ish grey. Hind wing rather narrow, triangulat e,apex narrowly rounded, termen oblique,
sharply angled at CuA vein; ground colour, terminal lin eand fringe sas fbre wing; trans-
verse line sinconspicuou se,xcept postmedian, which crenulate; terminal area with two
small yellow spots (media land tornal); disca ldot smaller and paler than on fore wing,
rounded.
Ma]e genitali a(Fi g1,4) .Uncus short and narrow, biapica lV.alve short, broad in basal half
with shallow ventral hollow and sharply narrowed to apex in apical half a;pex narrow; sac-
culus fairl hyeavil ysclerotized, Vinculum long and bread ,rather trapezoid with shallow
medial hollow .Papillae on anterior arms of labide sbroad ,slightly elongate. Aedeagus
large ,stout, slightly curved, broadened anteriorly, longer than lengt hof valve. Vesica cov-
ered with oblique striations and armed with one long and curved plate with thickened longi-
tudinal margins and one small irregula rplat enear ductus ejaculat obraiseu .sSternit Ae8
slightly and evenly sclerotized, short and broad with two paralle blr,oad, pointed apical rods
shaped apically lik epincers b;asa lhollow very small and shallow; apical hollow broad and
deep,
membranous,
Female,Unknown,
Range. Taiwan. Known from Taoyuan province.
Simila rspecies, This species, like the previou sone, belongs to the proterva group.
External liyt is a litt lsiemilar to another Taiwanesc specjes Etij)ithec ihaashimoto iInoue,
1988 but is distinguish efdrom it by the smaller size, the less mottled colour, the evcnly
curved antemedjan line ,the smaller disca idots and the presenc eof some yellow spots on
the fbre wing, especially in the terminal area and along the anal margin, The hind wing of
E, j7avimac tis tdtaarker w,jth inconspicuou tsransvers eline sand a clear yellow tornal spot
which is absent on the hind wing of E. hashimotoi .The male genitali aare similar to those
of another allie dspecies Eupitheci aantivulgaria Inoue, 1965, but the tip of the uncus is
narrower, it sbasa lpart broadened ,the shapc of valve somewhat differe ntth,e cornutus more
slender and the shape of the eighth sternite quit ediffere ntE.. antivulgaria is a lat eautumn
species whilst E. flavimac uis taa spring species.
Holotype .g` ,N. T[laiwa rlnhoyu,an Co,, Mengchi Recreation Area, ca, 1,1OO m, 4, iii 2.000,
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344 V G M]RoNov andA CG"swoRIHbe
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Figs 1-6 Empithecta adultg l B (oncava sp lloi 2 E jiavt ma c u ls ap no N 3E ltn stp nov 4
t] blandulagp nov S E rhaduzesp nov 6 E l"pasp nov
lux,HY Wang leg(ZFMK)
Eupitheaa hni Mironov & Galgworthy s,p. noy. (Fi g3)
Descnption g Wingspan 29-30 mm, fore wing 16-17 mm Fore wmg e]ongate, propor-
tionately narrow with arched Lostal margin, oblique terminal margm and narrow apex,
ground colour pale ash grey ,basal area reddish brown with vein R blackened ,basa l1ine
doublc,
obhque, sharply angled onto costd, mcdia] aiea with two narrow and elongate red-
dtsh brewn costal spotts. dntemedian hne mconspicuous median 1ine tnple, slightly ginuate,
oblique, sharply angled onto costa behind disca ldot ,postmedian hne inconspicuous, form-
mg a gerieg of dark dasheg on the veins, sharply ang]ed onto costa terminal area with
strongly crenulate inner margtn, bordere ddigta] lwiyth reddsh brown, and with threc larger
reddish brown blotche s(approxima tapeicldly, subapical and tornal), terminaJ hne nctrrow,
blackish ,interrupted by vems, disca ldot small, ovoid, intensely black ,funges chequered
redditsh brown and pale whitigh giey Hmd wmg clongate-ovoid, ground colour white,
trangverse hnes brown, but well marked only along anal margin, pogtmedian and subteimi-
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l;irptihecftraomTdiwdn 34S
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Figs7-12 Euptthecia adultg 7 E pellteat asp nov 8 E longipennata Inoue 9 E fLine rIenaoue
1O E centaureata ([Den i&g Schiffermull e(rTld)i " d n )11 E atbigutta Prout 12 F inas
cttkna Inoue
nal hnes markedly crenulate, discd ldot round, smaller and paler than on fore wing, terminal
lme and funges as on fore wing
Ma]e genital i(aFi g15) Uncus short, pointc dto apex, uniapical Valve relatrvely elongate
bowed dorsal
and narrow, glightly curved, with evenly curved ventral margm, slightly mar-
gin and narrowly rounded dpex, sdcLulus 1ightl syclerotized Vinculum short and narrow,
tmangular Papillae on the anterior armg of labidcs of axcrdge size, rather thick ,covered
with short setde at apicets Aededgus long and narrow, almogt equal to length ot ydlve
Vegica armed with one gtraight, long and narrow, tslightly sclerotized eomutus, which has
two curved arms at babe ,and one folded ,irregular comutus near base of ductus qaculato-
rius Sternit Ae8 1ightt yscleroti7cd, with two paralle lel,ongate and pomted apical rodg,
basal lobes pointed lateral lbya,sa lhollow tshdllow apical hollow membranous, narrow and
deepPemale
Unknown
Range Thiwan KnoxNntromNantouandHudhcnprovinceg
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346 V. G, MiRoNov and A. C. G,xLswoR'iHy
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Figs 13-14. Malc genitali aof Ettpitheci aspecics (sca lbcar = l mni; with sternite A8; latera lview
of uncus and papi] loan the anterior ann of labides cnlargcd). 13. E, concava sp. nov. 14.
E. .flavitnac uspt.a iiov.
Similar species. This species belongs to theproteiva species group, and has similar extcr-
nal patterni ntgo a group consistjng of Eupithecia J'ermy iVojnits ,1976, Eupithecia costino-
tata Inoue ,2000, arrd a Vietnamese species yet te be describe d,It is considerably larger
than E, jermy iwi,th a much more pointe dfbre wing and with an oblique rather than round-
ed terminal margin, The dark marginal areas are les sextensive, but the clear fasci baetween
antemedian and median lines is much broader .The male genitali aare simi]ar to those of E.
,ierrrz ybiu,t distinguishe dfrom that species by the broader apex of the valve, the sborter,
stouter aedeagus with accordingly shorter ]arg ecornutus on the vesica, and also the differ-
ent shape of thc eighth sternite, which is ionger ,with longer and pointe dapical rods and lat-
erally pointed basal lobes,
Holotype.r,Thiwan,Nantou,Hohuanshan,8-9. 1989,leg,C.S.Lin,NMNS ENT 493-
xi.
23 (NSMT) ,Paratypes .1g, Taiwan, Nantou, Meifeng, 1-3 .xii, 1988, leg .C. S. Lin,
NMNS ENT 1116-478, slide no, ACG TW4 (NSMT) ;1 g' [Ihiwan ,Hualien Hsien,
,
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Eupitheciafi'orTnaiwan 347
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Figs 15-17 .Male genital iofa Eupithe( 'sipeacies (sca lbaer = 1 mm; with sternite A8; latera lview
of uncus and papi]la on the anterior arm of labide esntarged). 15 .E. Itn isp. nov. 16 ,E.
Iupa sp. nov. t7. E.peVicata sp. nov.
Hungyeh spa, 200m,3,L [19]8 9l,eg ,A. Kawabe (BMNH).
EupitheciablandulaMironov& Galsworthy, (Fig4.)
sp. noy.
Eupithecia toshimai Tnoue 1988 :354, nec Inouc, 1980. Misidentification.
Eerpitheci aryttkyuensi Isnoue 1988: 354. nec Inoue, 1971. Misidcntification.
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348 V. G. MiRoNov and A, C, G,tLswoRTHy
Description .Wingspan 19-21 mm; fore wing 10,5-1 1mm. Fore wing broad with bowed
costal margin, evenly curved terminal margin and rathcr obtuse apex; ground colour pale
whitish grey ;stalk of Cu with a black streak; transverse lines inconspicuou sm,edian
sharply angled behind disca ldot onto costa, postmedian forming a series of black dashes on
the veins; terminal area slightly darker with wavy whitish subterminal lin efbrming two
larg ewhite spots (media alnd tornal); disca ldot small, black ,rounded or ovoid; terminal
lin enarTow, brown, cont{nuous; fringe slight ,chequered whitish grey and white. Hind wing
broad with shal]ow hollow at terminal margin near apex; ground colour slightly tighter;
transverse lines well marked along anal margin, especial]y postmedian line ;terminal area
darker g,reyer w,ith wavy white subterminal ljn eforming two larg ewhite spots along termi-
nal margi'n near torna langle; disca ldot smaller and paler ,narrow and erongate; terminal
lin eand fringe sas fore wing. Abdomen whitish grey with black later asltripes cxcept ]ast
segment.
Male genital i(aFi g1.8) ,Uncus biapica ll,arge ,slightly elongate, very broad wben viewed
laterall y.Vtilv elarge ,long and broad ,with straight dorsal margin, narrow and pointed,
hook-like ventral process and broad ,obtuse apex; sacculus rather weak]y sclerotized.
Vinculum short and narrew, trapezoid. Papilla een the anterior arms of labide sof average
size, tapered to apices, Aedeagus stout, shorter than length of valve. Vesica with transverse
sniations; armed with one slim, sinuate, horn-like apical cornutus with broadened base, and
with two smaller, irregul afrl,a tcornuti, ol' which one placed at ductus ejaculat obraiseu.s
Sternit Ae8 large ,elongate, pear-shape db,rDadened medially, with two unequal, narrow,
spiniform, heavil ysclerotized and divergin gapical horns ;basa lhollQw asymmetrical, shal-
low; apical ho]low weakly sclerotized, narrow and deep.
Female genitali a(Fi g2.1) .Bursa copulatrix egg-shaped; armed with dense ,short and broad
spines on the dorsa land ventral sides, Ductus bursae cylindrical, long ,slightly curved, with
long and strong longitudina lgtriations and a row of sparse, small and stout spines, Ductus
scminalis large ,long and broad ,medially broadened ;attached to ductus bursae near base of
colliculum. Colliculu mcollar-like, small, short and narrow. Antrum short, membranous.
Tergit eA8 small, square. Anterio rand posterio rapophyses short and narrow. Papillae
anales small, rounded.
Range. [faiwan .Known from Ibitung, Nantou and Hualien provinces.
Simila rspecies.r fTahiwias nsepseecies belongs to the tripunctaria group .Extemally it is a litt lsiem-
iiar to another species Eeij?ithe cdieaalbat aInoue ,1988, but it js smaller. has a
postmedian lin ewhich is les scurved onto the costa of the fbre wing, and transvers elines
lackin ga series of black dashes on the hind wing. Thc male genital iofa the nesN' species are
most similar to thuse of Eupithecia tripunctari aHerrich-Schtif f1e8r5,2, but distinguished
from it by the longer ventral process on the va] ve, the stouter horn-like cornutus on the vesi-
ca and the medially broader eighth sternite with longer, more broadly diverging ,asymmetri-
cal apical horns. The female genitali aof E. blandttl aare similar to those of Eupithecia
toshimai lnoue ,1980, but are distinguish ebdy the les sspiniferous corpus bursae ,which is
les supturned in relation to it sductus ,and also by the more obvious tongitudin astlriations
on the walls of the ductus bursae.
'Iltiwan, 'l997,
Holotypc. 8, Prov. [Ilaitun gH,siangyang, 2,200 m, 10. iv . leg ,Csorba &
Ronkay (TTM) ,Paratypes, 1 \, lecali tasy holotyp e(TTM); 1 ?, [laiwan, Prov. Nantou, 6
km SW Hohuan Pass ,Yixanfen g27,760 m, 10. v. 1997, leg ,Gy. M, Lasz16 & G. Liszi6
(TTM); 1819, Tayulin g(2,60 m0), HLialie nHsien, Taiwan, 2-4. v. 1984, leg. H.
Ybshimoto ,Inoue slides nos 11l94 and 11195 (BMNH),
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EmpithecifaromTaiwan 349
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Fi.f f1s8-19 .Male genitali aof Eupithec isapccies (sca lbear = 1 imnz with sternite A8; later avilew
of uncus and papill aon the anterior arrn of labide esnlarged). 18. E. blandul asp. nov. 19,
E. rhadine sp. nov. (wit shternite and tergite A8).
Remarks. Inoue (1988 p)ublished the las tmentioned two paratypes as, respectively, E.
cyt{kyuensi sand E. toshimai, [n the male, although the valve shape is similar to
t:};uk),"ensis, the aedeagus and eighth sternite are quite differe ntT,he differenc ebsetween
the female genital ioaf btandula and toshimai have been describe dabove. Both toshimai
and rlyukyuensis should therefbre be removed from the fauna of [[aiwan s,ince these were
the only records of them.
Empithecin rhadine Mironov & Galswotthy, sp. noy. (Fi g5.)
Description .8' .Wingspan 15 mm; fore wing 8 mm. A small species, Fore wing elongate
and narrow with obtuse apex, costa slightly arched. termen evenly curved; ground colour
unicolorous brownish grey with darker costal margin; transverse line snarrow, indistinct;
antemedian lin eslightly curved; postmedian line oblique, straight, obtusely angled near
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3SO V.G.M]RorwoN A,C.GALs",oRTHy
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Figs 20-22. Female genital oifa Etrpitheci aspecies {scal bear = 1 mm). 20. E. concava sp. nov.
21. E. btandui asp, nov, 22. E. iupa sp. nov.
costa; terminal linc dark brown, narrow, continuous; disca ]dot small, clear, dark brown, cir-
cular, Hind wing elongate and narrow with more or les snarrow apex, termen with shallow
medial hollow ;ground colour, terminal lin eand disca ldot as fbre wing; transvers eline sin-
distinct.
Male genitali a(Fig .19). Uncus short and narrow, biapica l.Valve relatively larg eand
broad ,shaped like an orange segment, with broad shallow medial hollow on the ventral
margin and broadl yrounded apex; sacculus quite strongly sclerotized. Vinculum short and
broad, trapezioid ,Papilla oen the anterior arms of labide sshort and wide. Aedeagus slim
and elongate, almost equal to lengt hof valye. itesica armed with two stout horn-lik ceornu-
ti join ebdasally (on ethicker than the other, and hooked at it sapex, the other narrower and
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