The Future of War: Organizations as Weapons

224 Pages·2005·1.206 MB·English

by  Mark Mandeles

The Future of War
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Potomac Books
ISSUES IN TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY WARFARE
SERIES EDITORS
Capt.RogerW.Barnett,USN(Ret.),Ph.D.
NavalWarCollege
StephenJ.Cimbala,Ph.D.
PennStateUniversity
ADVISORY BOARD
Col.C.KennethAllard,USA(Ret.),Ph.D.
PotomacStrategiesInternational,LLC
Capt.JohnP.Cann,USNR(Ret.),Ph.D.
U.S.MarineCorpsCommand andStaffCollege
ColinGray, D.Phil.
CentreforStrategicStudies,UniversityofReading
BenjaminS.Lambeth,Ph.D.
RAND
MarkD.Mandeles,Ph.D.
TheJ.deBlochGroup
MichaelF.Pavkovic,Ph.D.
HawaiiPacificUniversity
Capt.PeterM.Swartz,USN(Ret.)
CNACorporation
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The Future of War
Organizations as Weapons
M D. M
ARK ANDELES
Potomac Books, Inc.
Washington, D.C.
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Copyright(cid:2)2005byMarkD.Mandeles
PublishedintheUnitedStatesbyPotomacBooks,Inc.(formerlyBrassey’s,
Inc.).Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinany
mannerwhatsoeverwithoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,except
inthecaseofbriefquotationsembodiedincriticalarticlesandreviews.
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Mandeles,MarkDavid,1950–
Thefutureofwar:organizationalstructuresfortherevolutionin
militaryaffairs/MarkD.Mandeles.—1sted.
p. cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN1-57488-630-4(hardcover:alk.paper)—ISBN1-57488-631-2
(pbk.:alk.paper) 1.UnitedStatesArmedForces—Organization.
2.UnitedStates.Dept.ofDefense—Organization. 3.Militaryart
andscience—Technologicalinnovations. 4.Organizationalbehavior.
I.Title.
UA23.M2785 2005
355.3(cid:2)0973—dc22 2005009941
ISBN1-57488-630-4
ISBN1-57488-631-2
(alk.paper)
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaonacid-freepaperthatmeetsthe
AmericanNationalStandardsInstituteZ39-48Standard.
PotomacBooks,Inc.
22841QuicksilverDrive
Dulles,Virginia20166
FirstEdition
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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This book is dedicated to
Chad, Yuriko, and Masayo Mandeles
Jay and Alice Meisel, and Meredith, Sam, and Emma Meisel
Gerald J. Lederman
Bruce Adler
Lewis and Ann Dolinsky
Harriet and Lee Philips, Lenore Philips, and Matthew,
Laura, Sally, and Joshua Philips
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Contents
Listof Acronyms viii
Acknowledgments ix
CHAPTER 1
Introduction 1
CHAPTER 2
History, Inferences,andLearning 7
CHAPTER 3
LevelsofAnalysis,Trade-offs,andTheFutureofWar 31
CHAPTER 4
CommandandControl attheDawnofaMilitaryRevolution 59
CHAPTER 5
Network-CentricWarfare 89
CHAPTER 6
ComparisonofOrganizationalStructures 119
CHAPTER 7
AMilitaryRevolutionbytheMid-Twenty-FirstCentury 173
Index 207
AbouttheAuthor 213
vii
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List of Acronyms
ABCCC Airborne Battlefield Command and Control Center
ATO air tasking order
AWACS Airborne Warning and Control System
BDA battle damage assessment
C2 command and control
C3I command,control,communications,andintelligence
C4I command, control, communication, computer, and
intelligence
C4ISR command, control, communication, computer,
intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance
GAT guidance, apportionment, and targeting
JFACC Joint Force Air Component Commander
JSTARS Joint Surveillance Attack Radar System
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
OODA observe, orient, decide, act
RMA revolution in military affairs
ROE rules of engagement
SAC strategic air command
SHAPE Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
SOP standard operation procedure
SPINS special instructions
viii
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Acknowledgments
Ihave received helpful critical written and oral comments
from knowledgeable, kind, and gracious colleagues in writ-
ing this book, including Col. David A. Anhalt (USAF, ret.), Dr.
David Andre´ (Colonel, USA, ret.), Dr. Thomas C. Hone, Capt.
George Kasten (USN), Dr. Todd R. LaPorte, Dr. Martin
Landau, Col. Marc Lindsley (USAF, ret.), Dr. Karley Little,
Dr. Frank Mahncke, Laura L. Mandeles, Andrew W. Marshall,
Jacob Neufeld, C. Edward Peartree, Brig. Gen. Paul Selva
(USAF), Nathan P. Shockey, Lt. Gen. Philip D. Shutler
(USMC, ret.), Dr. Jacob A. Stockfisch, Truman R. Strobridge,
and Capt. Jan M. van Tol (USN). The interlibrary loan staff of
the Fairfax County Public Library system chased down many
otherwise unavailable publications. In addition, I received kind
and professional administrative assistance from the staff of the
Office of Net Assessment; in particular, Rebecca C. Bash and
M. Sgt. J. J. Mincy-Baker (USAF) resolved innumerable prob-
lems with good humor and panache. Last, but not least, Fritz
Heinzen provided indispensable advice, support, and help, as
did the Potomac Books editors, Rick Russell and Jehanne
Moharram, as well as Michie Shaw, Julie Kimmel, and Lisa
Camner in the production phase.
I alone am responsible for any substantive or conceptual er-
rors they were unsuccessful in persuading me to remove.
ix
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