The Design of High-Frequency Continuous-Time Integrated Analog Signal Processing Circuits

269 Pages·2017·8.61 MB·English

Portland State University
PDXScholar
Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses
1993
The Design of High-Frequency Continuous-Time Integrated
Analog Signal Processing Circuits
Pan Wu
Portland State University
Let us know how access to this document benefits you.
Follow this and additional works at:http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds
Recommended Citation
Wu, Pan, "The Design of High-Frequency Continuous-Time Integrated Analog Signal Processing Circuits" (1993).Dissertations and
Theses.Paper 1162.
10.15760/etd.1161
This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized
administrator of PDXScholar. For more information, please [email protected].
’
’mEDESIGNOFHIGH-FREQUENCYCONTINUOUS-'TIMEIN’TEGRATED
ANALOGSIGNALPROCESSINGCIRCUITS
by
PANWU
Adissertation submittedinparti외fulfillmentof
therequirementsfot thedegreeof
DOcrOROFPHILOSOPHY
In
ELECfRlCALAND COMPUTERENGINEERING
PortlandStateUniversity
1993
DISSERTATIONAPPROVAL
The abstract and dissertation ofPan Wu for the Doctor ofPhilosophy in Electrical and
ComputerEngineering werepresentedonDec. 10,1993,andaccepted bythedissertation
committeeandthedoctorprogram.
COMMITTEE APPROVALS:
때
뿔
PavelSmejtek
RepresentativeoftheOfficeofGraduateStudies
DOCTORALPROGRAMAPPROVAL:
RolfSchaumann.Chair
DepartmentofElec마C외E뱅nee파19
************************************************************************
ACCEPTEDFORPORTI..ANDSTATEUNIVERSITYBY’rHELmRARY
~~~ ‘주 /강감캉
by m
ABSTRACf
An absσact ofthe dissertation ofPan Wu forthe DoctorofPhilosophy inElectricaland
ComputerEngineeringpresented on"Dec. 10,1993.
Title: The Design of High-Frequency Continuous-Time Integrated Analog Signal
ProcessingCircuits.
High-perfonnance, high-frequency operational transconductance amplifiers
(OTAs) are very important elements in the design of high-frequency continuous-time
integrated analog signal processing circuits, because resistors, inductors, integrators,
mutatorκ buffers,multipliers,andfilters can be builtbyOTAsandcapacitors. Thecriti
cal considerations for OTA design are linearity, tuning, frequency response, output
impedance,powersupplyrejection (PSR) andcommon-moderejection (CMR).
For linearity considerations, two different methods are proposed. One uses
cross-coupled pairs (CMOS or NMOS), producing OTAs with very high linearity but
either the input range is relatively small or the CMR to asymmetrical inputs is poor.
Anotheremploys multiple differential pairs (current addition orsubtraction),producing
OTAs with high linearity over a very large input range. So,there are tradeoffs among
the critical considerations. For different applications, different OTAs should be
selected.
For consideration of frequency response, the first reported GaAs OTA was
designed for achieving very-high-frequency perfonnance,insteadofusing ACcompen
sation techniques. GaAs is one ofthe fastest available technologies, butit was new and
2
less mature than silicon when we started the design in 1989. So, there were several
issues, such as low output impedance, no P-channel devices, and Schottky clamp. To
overcome these problems, new techniques are proposed, and the designed OTA has
comparableperfonnance to aCMOS OTA.
ForPSR and CMRconsiderations,afully balanced circuit structure isemployed
with a common-mode feedback (CMF) circuit used to stabilize the DC outputvoltages.
To reduce the interaction ofthe operation ofCMF and tuning ofOTAs,three improved
versions ofthe CMFcircuits usedin operational amplifiersare proposed.
With the designed OTAs, a I GHz GaAs inductor with small parasitics is
designed using the proposed procedure to reduce high-frequency effects. Two CMOS
high-order, high-frequency filters are designed: one in cascade structure and one in LC
ladder fonn. Also, a 200 MHz third-order elliptic GaAs filter is designed with special
consideration ofvery-high-frequency parasitics.
All circuits were fabricated and measured. The experimental results were used
to verify thedesigns.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I considermyselfveryfortunate tobethefirstPh.D. studentofProf. RolfSchau
mann at Portland State U:피，veπity. He has near twenty y，앓rs’ teaching and research
experienceattheUniversityofMinnesotaandisaleaderinthefield ofthedesignofana
log integrated signal processing circuits. With his guidance,advice,suggestions,count
less discussions,and encouragement,the success ofthis dissertation bec뻐Ie σue. Also,
affected by hiscontributions and academic spirit, I came to workharderand harder,and
hadtheopportunitytopublish 16papersininternationaljournalsandconferencesforthis
research andobtained4awards.
lowe specialthankstoProf.MarekPerkowskiwhoisthefirstpersonteaching me
how todoresearch 없Id encouragingme to workhard. Special th뻐ks also toProfs. Mal~
gorzataChrzanowska-Jeske andPavelSm렌，ekfortheirimportantanduseful suggestions
tomyPh.Dprogram.
I also feelluck:y to have Dr. StewartTayloras myPh. D. dissertation committee
member. He has overten years' design experience at Tektronix Inc. and TriQuint Sem
iconductor,Inc. He letme have achancetolearn whatisinteresting to industry and how
to combine theory and practice. He 뻐so taught me many design s:암lIs with GaAstech
nology, and laid out and fabricated my GaAs OTA in TriQuint’s fabrication process
withoutcharge.
Besides my Ph. D. dissertation committee mem뾰rs， I amalso truly appreciative
of Mr. Paul Latham,·Design Section Head in Allegro Microsystems, Inc., for his
numerous suggestions to oneofmy CMOS OTAs and filter designs and theirfree fabri
cation. Grateful appreciation is 외sodue toProf. RobertDaasch for his help with layout
IV
design and fabrication of the 뎌π띠ts in the MOSIS process. For chip measurement, I
would like to thank Mr. Tom Kautzman 뻐d Profs. Richard Tymerski and Paul Van
Halenfortheirsupportwiththeequip뾰nt.
Forfinancial supportthatallowedmetocompletethisdissertation,Iwouldliketo
acknowledge Tektronix,Inc.,for the "Tekσunix Followship",Portland State University
for a Reseaπh Assistantship from lithe Faculty Development Fund and a Teaching
I!
Assistantship,andTop-VuTechnology,Inc.,foraconsultantjob.
A very speci외 thanks to my wife,LUi Yan,for her long-time suppoπ， without
which thecompletionofthisdissertation wouldbeimpossible.Herhelponthefigures for
this dissertation and otherpapersisgreatly appreciated. Also,special thanks andrespect
toMs. ShirleyClarkforheradminisσative supportand spec퍼I help.
Finally,lowe thanks to Mr. Joseph Schutzand Mr. Sudarshan Kumarfrom Intel
Corp.fortheirunderstandingandsupporttofinishthisdissertation.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
PAGE
…... …·…... …..….. … … …...................
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii
…… ….........................
LISTOFTABLES ix
… …… … … …
LISTOFFIGURES x
CHAPTER
I INTRODUC’fION … …................. 1
… … …........
n HIGH-LINEARITYCMOS OTAs 14
…… … … ………… ….....
n.l BasicPrinciples 14
…….......
IT.l.l ’Transconductoras aBasicBuildingBlock 14
…......
IT.1.2 TransconductorBasedonaSingleMOS핸T 16
IT.l.3 TransconductorBasedonDifferentialP와r……...... 19
… … ……….................
IT.l.4 GeneralOverview 21
IT.2 TransconductorBasedonCross-CoupledP려rs 23
…… ……..........
IT.2.1 CMOS Cross-CoupledPairs 23
… … ….
IT.2.2 NMOSCross-CoupledP라rs 32
…..… ………… …·“”… ……...
IT.2.3 Conclusions 36
…........
IT.3 TransconductorBasedonMultipleDifferentialP떠rs 44
… ……·… ………..……................
IT.3.l BasicPrinciple 45
……·…·… …”…·…
IT.3.2 PracticalDesign 49
IT.3.3 OtherConsiderations … …....... 57
… …............
IT.4 Comp없isons 64
VI
m DESIGNCONSIDER따10NS FORCOMMON-MODE
…… … …..
FEEDBACK 66
…..……… …..… …”…·… …… …..
m.1 BasicPrinciples 67
… …............................................
m.2 ImprovedCMFCircuits 73
m.3 Discussion… … … ……·….............................. 80
…….........
IV CMOSCONTINUOUS-’TIMEIN’TEGR따'EDFILTERS 83
…·……..…… …·…… ….................
~1 TheBasicPrinciples 83
~1.1 CascadeFilterDesign …....................... 84
~1.2 LCLadderFilterDesign… …......................... 91
…...................
~2 A20MHzThird-OrderEllipticCMOSFilter 95
…… …… …………”….........
~2.1 FilterDesign 96
IV:2.2 Design ConsiderationsforFrequencyResponses 98
… … ….......
IV:2.3 SimulationResults 102
~3 A4MHzSixth-OrderBesselCMOSFilter…...................... 107
…… …..…”… …....
Iv:3.l FilterDesign 108
IV:3.2 Design Considerationsand SimulationResults….. 112
V ASPCIRCUITSWITHVER￥HIGH-FREQUENCY
….....................................................................................
RESPONSE 118
V:1 A7GHzGaAs OTA…........................................................... 119
… ………… …….....
V:l.1 Line따ity 120
… ……....
V.l.2 auφutImpedance 125
'\l:l.3 Tu미ng Capability… ….............. 128
…...................................................
V.l.4 DClevels퍼fter 135
… … ….
'\l:l.5 Common-ModeFeedbackCircuit 136
… …...............................
'\l:l.6 SimulationResults 138
… …… ……......
'\l:1.7 OtherConsiderations 139
V.2 A1GHzGaAsGyrator-CInductor….................................. 142
…
'\l:2.1 Design ConsiderationsforGyrator-CInductors 143
Vll
… …......
V.2.2 PracticalDesign 148
…
V.3 A Simulated200MHZGaAsLCLadderFilter 150
………....……...............
VI ICPROCESSESANDLAYOUTDESIGNS 153
… … …….............
VI.I DescriptionofICProcesses 154
… … … …..…...............................
VI.!.1 MOSIS 154
… ……… ……… … …….................
VI.l.2 DABIC 155
…… …...................................................
VI.l.3 QED “ •••• 158
… ….....
VI.2 DescriptionoftheLayoutTool 158
…......................................
VI.3 DesignConsiderationsforLayout 160
… … … …..
VI.3.1 Parasitics 160
… … …… …….
VI.3.2 ProcessTolerances 166
VI.3.3 Reliability 171
…..............................................
VI.3.4 DesignAutomation 172
… … ….............................
VI.4 LayoutDesigns 173
…… …..
VI.4.1 LayoutinMOSIS 173
…….........................................
VI.4.2 LayoutinDABIC.... 181
…................................................
VI.4.3 .LayoutinQED.... 186
… …..
VI.5 Post-LayoutPerformanceVerifications 189
… … …….
VII EXPERIMENTALRESULTS 192
… …·…-……… … … ….......
VII.l Chipfrom MOSIS 192
…...................
VII.l.I CMOS OTAwithCurrentAddition 192
… …...........................
VII.l.2 CMOS EllipticFilter 195
…….......
VII.2 Chipfrom AllegroMicrosystems;Inc 201
…...............
VII.2.1 CMOS OTAwithCurrentSubtraction 201
VII.2.2 CMOS BesselFilter 202
VII.3 GaAs OTAfrom TriQuintSemiconductor,Inc.…............... 208